Top managers

● Strategic plans
Middle Managers and Knowledge Workers
●
Middle managers provide direction, necessary resources, and performance feedback
to
supervisors and team leaders
●
Knowledge workers include professional staff members such as systems analysts,
programmers, accountants, researchers, etc.
Supervisors and Team Leaders
● Oversee operational employees and carry out day-to-day functions19
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Operational Employees
● Operational employees include users who rely on TP systems to enter and receive
data
they need to perform their jobs.
ROLE IN THE PROJECT PROPOSAL
System Analyst
❏
A systems analyst investigates, analyzes, designs, develops, installs, evaluates, and
maintains a company’s information systems.
❏
On large projects, the analyst works as a member of an IT department team
❏
Smaller companies often use consultants to perform the work
SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
System development is the process of defining, designing, testing and implementing
a
software application.
A system development project includes a number of different phases, such as
feasibility
analysis, requirements analysis, software design, software coding, testing and
debugging,
installation and maintenance.
System Development Methods
Systems Development Life Cycle
❏
Predictive Approach
❏
Use of Process Models
❏
Process-centered technique
System Development Life Cycle(SDLC)
1.
Planning – Initial stage, conduct preliminary investigation
2.
Analysis – assess the requirements needed and provide documentation
3.
Design – identify all inputs, processes, and outputs
4.
Implementation – proposed system is constructed, all entities have their own
functions
5.
Maintenance – verification of the implementation of proposed system
ROLES DEFINED
System Analyst
Responsibilities – Translate business requirements into practical IT projects to meet
needs
Required Skills and Background – Solid communication skills and analytic ability20
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transmitting in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise of any part of this document, without the prior written
permission of SLU, is strictly prohibited.
Information Technology Department
The information technology (IT) department develops and maintains a company’s
information systems
The IT group provides technical support
Application Development
● Team may include users, managers and IT Staff members
Systems Support and Security
● Deployment team
User Support
● Help desk or information center (IC)
Database Administration
● Database design, management, security, backup, and user access
Network Administration
● Includes hardware and software maintenance, support, and security
Web Support
● Webmasters
Information Technology Department in Project Evaluation
Management leadership and information technology are linked closely, and
remarkable
changes have occurred in both areas.
Today, systems development is much more team oriented.
Although team-oriented development is the norm, some companies see the role of
the IT
department as a gatekeeper.
Importance of Project Management
Regardless of the development strategy, people, tasks, timetables, and expenses
must
be managed effectively.
Complex projects can involve dozens of people, hundreds of tasks, and many
thousands,
millions of money.
Systems Development Guidelines
●
Stick to a plan
●
Involve the users throughout the development process
●
Listening is very important
●
Use project management tools to identify tasks and milestones
●
Remain flexible
●
Develop accurate cost and benefit information