UNIT-1 PROBABILITY AND RANDOM VARIABLES

1. The probability that a number selected at random between 100 and 999 (both inclusive)
will not contain the digit 7 is ……………………
a. 16/25 b. (9/1)3 c. 27/75 d. 18/25
2. The probability that it will rain today is 0.5, the probability that it will rain tomorrow is
0.6. The probability that it will rain either today or tomorrow is 0.7. What is the
probability that it will rain today and tomorrow is ……………….
a. 0.3 b. 0.25 c. 0.35 d. 0.4
3. A die is rolled three times. The probability that exactly one odd number turns up among
three outcomes is…………….
a. 1/6 b. 3/8 c. 1/8 d. ½

4. The probability that two friends share the same birth-month is………….
a. 1/6 b. 1/12 c. 1/144 d. 1/24

5. Consider two events E1 and E2 such that P(E1) = ½, P(E2) = 3, and P(E1 ꓵ E2) = 1/5 .
Which of the following statements is true?
a. P(E1 ꓴ E2) = 2/3
b. E1 and E2 are independent
c. E1 and E2 are not independent
d. P(E1 / E2) = 4/5

6. E1 and E2 are events in a probability space satisfying the following constraints P(E1) =
P(E2); P(E1 ꓴ E2) = 1; E1 and E2 are independent then P(E1) =………………..
a. 0 b. ¼ c. ½ d. 1

7. Seven car accidents occurred in a week, what is the probability that they all occurred on
the same day?
a. 1/77 b. 1/76 c. 1/ 27 d. 7/27

8. Four fair coins are tossed simultaneously. The probability that at least one heads and at
least one tail turns up is……………………..
a. 1/16 b. 1/8 c. 7/8 d. 15/16
9. Let P(E) denote the probability of an event E. Give P(A) = 1, P(B) = ½, the values of
P(A|B) and P(B|A) respectively are…………………
a. ¼, ½ b. ½, ¼ c. ½, 1 d. 1, ½
10. A box contains 10 screws, 3 of which are defective. Two screws are drawn at random
with replacement. The probability that none of the two screws is defective will
be………….
a. 100% b. 50% c. 49% d. none
11. In a population of N families, 50% of the families have three children, 30% of families
have two children and the remaining families have one child. What is the probability that
a randomly picked child belongs to a family with two children?
a. 3/23 b. 6/23 c. 3/10 d. 3/5
12. If a fair coin is tossed 4 times, what is the probability that two heads and two tails will
result?...................
a. 3/8 b. ½ c. 5/8 d. ¾

13. In a class of 200 students, 125 students have taken programming language course, 85
students have taken data structures course, 65 students have taken computer organization
course, 50 students have taken both programming languages and data structures, 35
students have taken both programming languages and 30 students have taken both data
structures and computer organization, 15 students have taken all the three courses. How
many students have not taken any of the three courses?......................
a. 15 b. 20 c. 25 d. 35

14. A hydraulic structure has four gates which operate independently. The probability of
failure of each gate is 0.2. Given that gate 1 has failed, the probability that both gates 2
and 3 will fail is…………………
a. 0.240 b. 0.200 c. 0.040 d. 0.008

15. From a pack of regular playing cards, two cards are drawn at random. What is the
probability that both cards will be kings, if the cards is NOT replaced?....................
a. 1/26 b. 1/52 c. 1/169 d. 1/221

16. If P and Q are two random events, then which of the following is true?................
a. Independence of P and Q implies that probability (P ꓵ Q) = 0
b. Probability (P ꓵ Q) ≥ probability (P) + probability (Q)
c. If P and Q are mutually exclusive then they must be independent
d. Probability (P ꓵ Q) ≤ probability (P)
17. A fair coin is tossed 3 times in succession. If the first toss produces a head, then the
probability of getting exactly two heads in three tosses is……………
a. 1/8 b. ½ c. 3/8 d. ¾

18. Two dice are thrown simultaneously. The probability that the sum of numbers on both
exceeds 8 is……….
a. 4/36 b. 7/36 c.9/36 d. 10/36

19. A lot has 10% defective items. Ten items are chosen randomly from this lot. The
probability that exactly 2 of the chosen items are defective is……
a. 0.0036 b. 0.1937 c. 0.2234 d. 0.3874

20. A single die is thrown two times. What is the probability that the sum is neither 8 nor
9?...
a.1/9 b.5/36 c.1/4 d.3/4

21. The probability that there are 53 Sundays in a randomly chosen leap year is………..
a.1/7 b.1/14 c.1/28 d.2/7

22. A fair die is rolled twice. The probability that an odd number will follow an even number
is…………
a.1/2 b.1/6 c.1/3 d.1/4

23. The life of a bulb (in hours) is a random variable with an exponential distribution f(t) =
∝ 𝑒 −∝𝑡 , 0 ≤ t ≤ ∞ . The probability that its value lies between 100 and 200 hours is……
a. 𝒆−𝟏𝟎𝟎∝ - 𝒆−𝟐𝟎𝟎∝ b. 𝑒 −100 - 𝑒 −200 c. 𝑒 −100∝ + 𝑒 −200∝ d. −𝑒 −100∝ +
𝑒 −200∝

24. Assume that the duration in minutes of a telephone conversation follows the exponential
distribution f(x) = 1/5 𝑒 −𝑥/5 , x ≥ 0. The probability that the conversation will exceed five
minutes is………………….
a. 1/e b. 1 – 1/e c. 1/e2 d. 1 – 1/e2
 25. Two cards drawn at random in succession with replacement from a deck of 52 well
shuffled cards probability of getting both ‘Aces’ is………………..
a. 1/169 b.2/169 c.1/13 d.2/13

26. If X is random variable whose probability density function is given by,

𝑘(5𝑥 − 2𝑥 2 ), 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2
f X (x) = { . Then P(X > 1 ) is………………..
0, 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
a.3/14 b.4/5 c.14/17 d.17/28
27. P and Q are considering to apply for a job. The probability that P applies for the job is ¼, the
probability that P applies for the job given that Q applies for the job is ½, and the probability that
Q applies for the job given that P applies for the job is 1/3. Then the probability that P does not
apply for the job given that Q does not apply for the job is………………..
a. 4/5 b. 5/6 c.7/8 d.11/12

27. For the function f(x) = a+bx, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1, to be a valid probability density function, which
one of the following statements is correct?.............
a. a = 1, b = 4 b. a =0.5, b=1 c. a =0, b = 1 d. a = 1, b = -1

28. The number of parameters in the univariate exponential and gaussian distributions
respectively are………………….
a. 2,2 b. 1,2 c. 2, 1 d. 1, 1

29. A two faced fair coin has its faces designated as head (H) and tail (T). This coin is tossed
three times in succession to record the following outcomes :H, H, H. If the coin is tossed
one more time, the probability of obtaining H again, given the previous realizations of H,
H, and H, would be…………..
a. ½ b. 1/3 c. ¼ d. 1

30. Three fair cubical dice are thrown simultaneously. The probability that all three dice have
the same number of dots on the faces showing up is…………….
a. 0.027 b. 0.27 c. 0.033 d. 0.33

31. The probability that a communication system will have high fidelity is 0.81. The
probability that the system will have both high fidelity and high selectivity is 0.18. The
probability that a give system with high fidelity will have high selectivity is…….
a. 0.181 b. 0.191 c. 0.222 d. 0.826
32. Suppose that a shop has an equal number of LED bulbs of two different types. The
probability of an LED bulb lasting more than 100 hours given that it is of Type 1 is 0.7,
and given that it is of Type 2 is 0.4. The probability that an LED bulb chosen uniformly
at random lasts more than 100 hours is………….
a. 0.55 b.0.66 c. 0.77 d. 0.88
33. The probability density function on the interval [a, 1] is given by 1/x 2 and outside this
interval the value of the function is zero. The value of a is………..
a. 1 b. 0.5 c. 2 d. 1.5

34. X and Y are two random independent events. It is known that P(X) = 0.4 and P(X ꓴ Y’)
= 0.7. Which one of the following is the value of P (X ꓴ Y ) is………….
a. 0.7 b. 0.5 c. 0.4 d. 0.3

35. A fair coin is tossed N times. The probability that head does not turn up in any of the
tosses is……………
a. (1/2)N-1 b. 1-(1/2)N-1 c. (1/2)N d. 1-(1/2)N
36. Three cards were drawn from a pack of 52 cards. The probability that they are a king, a
queen, and a jack is…………
a. 16/5525 b. 64/2197 c. 3/13 d. 8/16575

37. The probability of getting a head in a single toss of a biased coin is 0.3. The coin is
tossed repeatedly till a head is obtained. If the tosses are independent, then the probability
of getting had for the first time in the fifth toss is…………………….
a. 0.123 b. 0.07203 c. 0.00654 d. 0.335
38. Four cards are randomly selected from a pack of 52 cards. If the first two cards are kings,
what is the probability that the third card is a king?
a. 4/52 b. 2/50 c. 1/13 d. 1/52 x 1/51 x 1/50

39. Given set A = {2, 3, 4, 5} and B = {11, 12, 13, 14, 15}, two numbers are randomly
selected, one from each set. What is the probability that the sum of the two numbers
equal to 16?
a. 0.20 b. 0.25 c. 0.30 d. 0.33

40. Ram and Ramesh appeared in an interview for two vacancies in the same department.
The probability of Ram’s selection is 1/6 and that of Ramesh is 1/8. What is the
probability that only one of them will be selected?..................
a. 47/48 b.1/4 c.13/48 d.35/48
41. The chance of a student passing an exam is 20%. The chance of a student passing the
exam and getting above 90% marks in it is 5%. Given that a student passes the
examination, the probability that the student gets above 90% marks is……………..
a. 1/18 b.1/4 c.2/9 d.5/18

42. If P(X) = ¼, P(Y) = 1/3, and P(X ꓵ Y) = ½, the value of P(Y|X) = …………….
a. ¼ b. 4/25 c. 1/3 d. 29/50

43. A product is an assemble of 5 different components. The product can be sequentially

assembled in two possible ways. If 5 components are placed in a box and these are drawn
at random from the box, then the probability of getting a correct sequence is ……………
a. 2/5! b. 2/5 c. 2/(5 - 2)! d. 2/(5 - 3)!

44. The probability of obtaining at least one SIX in throwing a fair die 4 times
is……………..
a. 425/432 b.19/144 c.13/144 d.125/432

45. Suppose A and B are two independent events with probabilities P(A) ≠ 0 and P(B) ≠ 0.
Let A’ and B’ be their complements. Which of the following statements are false?
a. P(A ꓵ B) = P(A) P(B) b. P(A|B) = P(A) c. P(A ꓴ B) = P(A)+P(B)
e. P(A’ + B’) = P(A’) P(B’)

46. The probability that a given positive integer lying between 1 and 100 both inclusive is
NOT divisible by 2, 3 or 5 is……………….
a. 0.15 b.0.26 c. 0.75 d. 1

47. Tickets numbered 1 to 20 are mixed up and then a ticket is drawn at random. What is the
probability that the ticket drawn has a number which is a multiple of 3 or 5?.....
a. ½ b. 2/5 c. 8/15 d. 9/20
48. A bag contains 2 red, 3 green and 2 blue balls. Two balls are drawn at random. What is the
probability that none of the balls drawn is blue?
a. 10/21 b. 11/21 c. 2/7 d.5/7

49. What is the probability of getting a sum 9 from two throws of a dice?
a. 1/6 b.1/8 c. 1/9 d. 1/12
50. In a box, there are 8 red, 7 blue and 6 green balls. One ball is picked up randomly. What is
the probability that it is neither red nor green?....................
a. 1/3 b.3/4 c.4/3 d.1

51. What is the probability of getting a sum 9 from two throws of a dice?
a. 1/6 b.1/8 c.1/9 d.1/12

52. In a class, there are 15 boys and 10 girls. Three students are selected at random. The
probability that 1 girl and 2 boys are selected, is:…………….
a. 21/46 b. 25/117 c. 1/50 d. 3/25
 1. The pdf fx(x) is defined as…………
a. Integral of CDF
b. Derivative of CDF
c. Equal to CDF
d. Partial derivative of CDF
2. If X is a poisson’s random variable, then the distribution function is given by
a. 𝑒 −𝑏 ∑∞ 𝑘=0 𝑘! 𝑢(𝑥 − 𝑘)
∞
b. 𝒆 ∑𝒌=𝟎 𝒃𝒌 𝒖(𝒙 − 𝒌)
−𝒃
∞
𝑏𝑘
c. 𝑒 −𝑏 ∑
𝑘=0 𝑘!
∞
𝑏𝑘
d. 𝑒 −𝑏 ∑ 𝑢(𝑥 − 𝑘)
𝑘=0 𝑘!
3. A random variable X is called Gaussian, if its density function has the form….
1 −(𝑥−𝜇𝑥 )2
a. exp( 2
)
√2𝜋𝜎𝑥
1 −(𝑥+𝜇𝑥 )2
b. exp( )
√2𝜋𝜎𝑥 2𝜎𝑥2
−(𝑥−𝜇𝑥 )2
c. exp( 2𝜎𝑥2
)
𝟏 −(𝒙−𝝁𝒙 )𝟐
d. 𝐞𝐱𝐩( 𝟐𝝈𝟐𝒙
)
√𝟐𝝅𝝈𝟐𝒙

4. The sample space for the experiment of measuring (in hours) the life time of a transistor S, is
given by
a. {r:-1 ≤ r ≤ 100}
b. {r: 0 ≤ r ≤ −∞}
c. {r: −∞ ≤ r ≤ ∞}
d. {r: 𝟎 ≤ r ≤ ∞}
5. 𝐹𝑋 (𝑥2 |B) - 𝐹𝑋 (𝑥1 |B) =
a. P{𝑥1 |B < x ≤ 𝑥2 }
b. P{𝒙𝟏 < 𝐱 ≤ 𝒙𝟐 |B }
c. P{𝑥2 |𝐵 < 𝑋 |B }
d. none
6. If X is a discrete random variable denoted by Xi , the CDF Fx (x) is
∞
a. ∑𝑖=1 𝑃(𝑥𝑖 )𝑢(𝑥)
∞
b. ∑𝒊=𝟏 𝑷(𝒙𝒊 )𝒖(𝒙 − 𝒙𝒊 )
 ∞
c. ∑𝑖=0 𝑃(𝑥𝑖 )𝑢(𝑥)

d. none
7. The value of 𝐹𝑋 (∞ |B), is……..
a. 1 b. -1 c. 0 d. ∞
8. Probability distribution function 𝐹𝑋 (𝑥), can be defined as
∞
a. ∫0 𝑓𝑋 (𝑥) ⅆ𝑥
𝒙
b. ∫−∞ 𝒇𝑿 (𝒙) ⅆ𝒙
∞
c. ∫−∞ 𝑓𝑋 (𝑥) ⅆ𝑥
0
d. ∫−∞ 𝑓𝑋 (𝑥) ⅆ𝑥

9. The distribution function of a random variable is…..

𝑋
a.𝜎
𝑥

𝑋+𝑎𝑥
b. F( 𝜎𝑥
)

𝑿−𝒂𝒙
c. F( 𝝈𝒙
)

d. F(𝑋 − 𝑎𝑥 )
10. The value of 𝐹𝑋 (−∞ |B), is……..
a. ∞ b. 1 c. 0.5 d. 0
11. The conditional density function 𝑓𝑋 (𝑥 |B), is……………
𝑑𝐹𝑋 (𝑥 |B)
a.
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝐹𝑋 (𝑥 |A)
b.
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝐹𝑋 (𝑥 )
c.
𝑑𝑥
ⅆ𝑭𝑿 (𝒙 |𝐀𝐁)
d. ⅆ𝒙

12. X and Y are said to be statistically independent RVs when

1. Two - dimensional product space is known as
a. Vector
b. Range of sample space
c. sample space
d. Phasor
2. A real RV is defined as
a. A real function of the elements of a sample space
b. A discrete function of the elements
c. A continuous function of the elements
d. A continuous function of the elements of a sample space
3. If a continuous random variable X has the probability density function and the Mean of

the X is 3/9, then the variance is

a. 3/320
b. 11/320
c. 21/320
d. 19/320
4. The distribution function of one random variable X conditioned by a second random variable
Y With interval {ya ≤ y ≤ yb } is known as
a. Moment generation
b. point conditioning
c. expectation
d. interval conditioning
5. Central limiting theorem is mostly applicable to statistically
a. Dependent RV
b. independent RV
c. all RV
d. any RV
6. Let A be any event dened on a sample space, then P(A) IS
a. B. <
b. C. >
c. D. ≥ 1
d. A. ≥ 0

7. For n = 1, 2,…N P(Bn / A) =

a. P (An/Bn).P (Bn)/P (A/Bn).p(B1) + …….. + P(B)
b. P (Bn/A) .P (A)/ P (A/B1) .P (B2) +…….+P(A). P(B)
 c. P (A/Bn).P (An)/P (A/B1). P (B1) + ……+P (A/B). P(B)
d. P (A/Bn).P(Bn)/P (A/B1) .P (B1)+…..+P(A/Bn).P(Bn)

8. The exponential density function is dened as

a. 1/b e (-(x-a)/b) For x<a
b. 1/b for x > a
c. e (-(x-a)/b) for x < a
d. 1/b e (-(x-a)/b) for x > a

9. The normalized third central moment is known as

a. Variance of the density function
b. Standard Deviation
c. Skewness of the density function
d. Mean function

10. If X is a RV with event A, then

a.
b. -1
c. 0
d. 1

11. What does the set comprising all possible outcomes of an experiment known as ?
a. Null event
b. Sure event
c. Elementary event
d. None of the above
12. What does an each outcome in the sample space regarded as ?
a. Sample point
b. Element
c. Both a & b
d. None of the above
13. Mutually Exclusive events ________
a. Contain all sample points
b. Contain all common sample points
c. Does not contain any common sample point
d. Does not contain any sample point
14. What would be the probability of an event 'G' if G denotes its complement, according to the axioms
of probability?
a. P (G) = 1 / P (G)
b. P (G) = 1 - P (G)
c. P (G) = 1 + P (G)
d. P (G) = 1 * P (G)
15. What would happen if the two events are statistically independent ?
a. Conditional probability becomes less than the elementary probability
b. Conditional probability becomes more than the elementary probability
c. Conditional probability becomes equal to the elementary probability
d. Conditional as well as elementary probabilities will exhibit no change
16. What would be the joint probability of statistically independent events that occur simultaneously ?
a. Zero
b. Not equal to zero
c. Infinite
d. None of the above
17. Consider the assertions given below :
A : CDF is a monotonously increasing function
B : PDF is a derivative of CDF & is always positive
Which among them is correct according to the properties of PDF?
a. A is true & B is false
b. A is false & B is true
c. Both A & B are true but B is a reason for A
d. Both A & B are false since B is not a reason for A
18. The Joint Cumulative Density Function (CDF) _____
a. Is a non-negative function
b. Is a non-decreasing function of x & y planes
c. Is always a continuous function in xy plane
d. All of the above
19. What is the value of an area under the conditional PDF ?
a. Greater than '0' but less than '1'
b. Greater than '1'
c. Equal to '1'
d. Infinite
20. When do the conditional density functions get converted into the marginally density functions ?
a. Only if random variables exhibit statistical dependency
b. Only if random variables exhibit statistical independency
 c. Only if random variables exhibit deviation from its mean value
d. None of the above
21. Which among the below mentioned standard PDFs is/are applicable to discrete random variables ?
a. Gaussian distribution
b. Rayleigh distribution
c. Poisson distribution
d. All of the above
22. A random variable belongs to the category of a uniform PDF only when __________
a. It occurs in a finite range
b. It is likely to possess zero value outside the finite range
c. Both a & b
d. None of the above
23. What would happen if the value of term [(m-x) / (σ √2)] increases in the expression of Guassian
CDF?
a. Complementary error function also goes on increasing
b. Complementary error function goes on decreasing
c. Complementary error function remains constant or unchanged
d. Cannot predict
24. Which type of standard PDFs has/ have an ability to describe an integer valued random variable
concerning to the repeated trials carried /conducted in an experiment?
a. Binomial
b. Uniform
c. Both a & b
d. None of the above
25. If in a table all possible values of a random variable are given their corresponding probabilities, then
this table is called as:
(a) Probability density function (b) Distribution function
(c) Probability distribution (d) Continuous distribution
26. A variable that can assume any possible value between two points is called:
(a) Discrete random variable (b) Continuous random variable
(c) Discrete sample space (d) Random variable
27. A formula or equation used to represent the probability' distribution of a continuous random
variable is called:
(a) Probability distribution (b) Distribution function
(c) Probability density function (d) Mathematical expectation
28. If X is A discrete random variable and f(x) is the probability of X, then the expected value of this
random variable is equal to:
(a) ∑f(x) (b) ∑[x+f(x)] (c) ∑f(x)+x (d) ∑xf(x)
29. Given E(X) = 5 and E(Y) = -2, then E(X - Y) is:
(a) 3 (b) 5 (c) 7 (d) -2
30. Given x = 2 and f(x) = 0.5. If y = 2x ,--3, then fey) is equal to:
(a) 1 (b) 0.5 (c) -2 (d) 0
31. Which of the following is not possible in probability distribution?
(a) p(x) ≥ 0 (b) ∑p(x) = 1 (c) ∑xp(x) = 2 (d) p(x) = -0.5
32. If C is a constant (non-random variable, then E[c] is:
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) ∞ (d) c
33. A discrete probability distribution may be represented by:
(a) Table (b) Graph (c) Mathematical equation (d) All of the above
34. A probability density function be represented by:
(a) Table (b) Graph (c) Mathematical equation (d) Both (b) and (c)
35. If C is a constant in a continuous probability distribution, then p(x = C) is always equal to:
(a) Zero (b) One (c) Negative (d) Impossible
36. E[X - E(X)] is equal to:
(a) E(X) (b) Var(X) (c) 0 (d) E(X) – X
37. If the random variable takes negative values, then the negative values will have:
(a) Positive probabilities (b) Negative probabilities
(c) Constant probabilities (d) Difficult to tell
38. If we have f(x) = 2x, 0≤x≤1, then f(x) is a:
(a) Probability distribution (b) Probability density function
(c) Distribution function (d) Continuous random variable
39. Numbers selected by a random process and are equally distributed in a table are called:
(a) Attributes (b) Random variables (c) Random numbers (d) Quantitative variables
40. mean value of uniform random variable
41. (a) Zero (b) One (c) E(X) (d) f(x) + 1
A listing of all the outcomes of an experiment and the probability associated with each outcome is
called:
(a) Probability distribution (b) Probability density function
(c) Attributes (d) Distribution function
42. A quantity resulting from an experiment that, by chance, can assume different values is called:
(a) Random experiment (b) Random sample
(c) Random variable (d) Random process
43. Which one is not an example of random experiment?
(a) A coin is tossed and the outcome is either a head or a tail
(b) A six-sided die is rolled
(c) Some number of persons will be admitted to a hospital emergency room during any hour.
(d) All medical insurance claims received by a company in a given year.
44. A set of numerical values assigned to a sample space is called:
(a) Random sample (b) Random variable
(c) Random numbers (d) Random experiment
45. A variable which can assume finite or countably infinite number of values is known as:
(a) Continuous (b) Discrete
(c) Qualitative (d) None of them
46. The probability function of a random variable is defined as: x -1 -2 0 1 2 f(x) k 2k 3k 4k 5k Then k is
equal to:
(a) Zero (b) 1/4 (c) 1/15 (d) One
47. If f(x) = 1/10, x = 10, then E(X) is:
(a) Zero (b) 6/8 (c) 1 (d) -1
48. If Var(X) =5 and Var(Y) = 10, then Var(2X + Y) is:
(a) 15 (b) 20 (c) 10 (d) 30
49. A discrete probability function f(x) is always:
(a) Non-negative (b) Negative (c) One (d) Zero
50. In a discrete probability distribution the sum of all the probabilities is always equal to:
(a) Zero (b) One (c) Minimum (d) Maximum
1. The probability of events {X = } and {x = - } are
2. The events in the combined sample space are considered as
3. The relation between conditional probabilities P (A/B) and P (B/A) is derived by using
______________theorem
4. The uniform probability density function in the range { a, b } can be expressed as
5. Given that P (A) = 0.75, P(B) = 0.5, P(A B) = 0.45 then P(AUB) =

6. The nth central moment, μn = ___________

7. If the probability density function of a random variable X is 1/2 sinx in 0 ≤ x ≤ , then the
variance is___________
8. The variance of the random variable, taking values of getting heads if two coins are tossed is
9. The marginal Distribution function is fX,Y(x, ∞ ) = and fX,Y(∞ , y) =
10. The characteristic function and are the methods used for f i nding the
moments
11. Total area under the curve of a continuous probability density function· is always equal to:___
12. An expected value of a random variable is equal to its: _________
13. The probability of a continuous random variable "X" taking any particular value, k is always: ___
14. Var( 4X + 8) is: ____
15. Var(X) is equal to: _______
16. The expectation of the sum of two random variables X and Y is equal to: _________
17. The expectation of the product of two independent variables X and Y is equal to: _________
18. When the random variable X and Y are independent, its co-variance is: ________
19. A discrete probability function f(x) is always non-negative and always lies between: __________
20. The probability density function p(x) cannot exceed: __________
21. A random variable is also called: ____________
22. The distribution function F(x) is equal to: __________
23. Each value in the sample space of a phenomenon is called as ---------------.
24. Let x be the outcome from rolling one die and y the outcome from rolling a second die. The joint
probability of the event X≤3 and Y>3 is ------------------------.
25. The probability of getting three 3’s and then 4 or 5 in four rolls of a balanced die is -------------
26. The area under Gaussian pdf curve is_________
27. If a Random Variable takes a finite set of values, it is called ---------- Random Variable.
28. FX(-∞) = -------------------.
29. K be a constant then Variance(K) is________
30. If X is a Random Variable and ‘a’ be a constant then V(aX) is___________
31. Moments generating function of a Random Variable is used to generate moments about ----- of the Random
Variable
32. The second moment of a Random Variable about its mean gives ---- of the Random Variable
33. If X and Y are orthogonal then___________
34. If the two Random Variables are independent i.e., E[XY]=E[X] E[Y]; then, the Random Variables are ---
-----------------------.
35. If X be the outcome from rolling one die and Y be the outcome from rolling a second die, then E[X/Y]
is -----------------------
36. If X and Y are Independent then Mxy(t) = ______________
37. Fxy(x,y) is ___________
38. Marginal density of random variable X from joint density function fxy(x,y) is _____________
39. Sum of N random variable density is__________________
40. Mean square value of random variable x is_________
41. Skewness coefficient _____________________
42. Fxy(∞,y ) is equal to ___________
43. Fxy(∞,∞) is equal to ___________
44. For mutually exclusive events, the joint probability is ______________
45. Central limiting theorem is mostly applicable to statistically_______________
46. The range of the joint distribution function of X and Y is _____________
47. The joint characteristics function of the random variables X and Y in integral form is ________
48. Marginal characteristic function from joint characteristics function is____________
49. Correlation coefficient ρ is_______
50. If the joint probability of X and Y is Pxy(x,y)=k(2x-y) for x=1,2 and y=0,1 then the value of k is
____________