Rua Al Madinah Geotech Specs

RUA AL MADINAH
RUA AL MADINAH PROJECT

INFRASTRUCTURE EARLY WORKS PACKAGE
ISSUED FOR CONSTRUCTION - VOLUME 2
PARTICULAR SPECIFICATION - GEOTECHNICAL
17 JUNE 2021 CONFIDENTIAL

RUA AL MADINAH PROJECT
INFRASTRUCTURE EARLY
WORKS PACKAGE
ISSUED FOR CONSTRUCTION -
VOLUME 2
PARTICULAR SPECIFICATION -
GEOTECHNICAL
RUA AL MADINAH
CONFIDENTIAL
PROJECT NO.: 55001860

DATE: 17 JUNE 2021
WSP
P.O. BOX 7497
DUBAI
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
T: +971 4 523 1999

F: +971 4 523 1998
WSP.COM
QUALITY MANAGEMENT
ISSUE/REVISION FIRST ISSUE REVISION 1 REVISION 2 REVISION 3 REVISION 4
Remarks Tender Issue Tender Issue Tender Issued for

Addendum 1 Construction
Date 3 November 23 November 10 December 17 June 2021

2020 2020 2020
Prepared by Karim Boualem Karim Boualem Karim Boualem Karim Boualem
Signature
Checked by Imraan Motara/ Imraan Motara/ Imraan Motara/ Imraan Motara/

Melvyn Dsouza Melvyn Dsouza Melvyn Dsouza Melvyn Dsouza
Signature
Authorised by Mahmoud Mahmoud Mahmoud Mahmoud Barakat

Barakat Barakat Barakat
Signature
Project number 55001860 55001860 55001860 55001860
Report number 027 027 027 027
File reference 55001860-KB- 55001860-KB- 55001860-KB- 55001860-KB-027-

027 027-R01 027-R02 R03
PRODUCTION TEAM
WSP
Senior Project Manager Mahmoud Barakat
Design Manager Melvyn Dsouza
Head of Ground Engineering Imraan Motara
Principal Consultant - Ground Engineering Karim Boualem
INFRASTRUCTURE EARLY WORKS PACKAGE - SPECIFICATIONS WSP

Project No. 55001860 June 2021
RUA AL MADINAH Page i
ISSUED FOR CONSTRUCTION
The Developers/Client
Rua Al Madinah Holding Co.
200 Sayed Ash Shuhada District, Unit No 6,

Al Madinah Al Munawwarah 42321 - 6122,
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Infrastructure Consultant
WSP
PO Box 7497
Dubai
United Arab Emirates
Tel: +971 4 523 1999
Fax: +971 4 523 1998

RUA AL MADINAH Page ii
RUA AL MADINAH PROJECT INFRASTRUCTURE EARLY WORKS PACKAGE
INDEX
The IFC Document for the above project comprises the following four volumes:
VOLUME 1 : TENDER AND CONDITIONS OF CONTRACT
VOLUME 2 : Part A and B SCOPE OF WORK
GENERAL SPECIFICATION
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS - APPENDICES
PARTICULAR SPECIFICATION - GEOTECHNICAL
VOLUME 3 : BILLS OF QUANTITIES
VOLUME 4 : DRAWINGS

RUA AL MADINAH Page iii
VOLUME 2
PARTICULAR SPECIFICATION
GEOTECHNICAL

RUA AL MADINAH Page iv
TABLE OF 1 GEOTECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS .............................. 1
CONTENTS 1.1 Section 31 09 00 – Geotechnical Instrumentation &

Monitoring .............................................................................................2
1.2 Section 31 23 00 – Excavation and Fill .......................................3
1.3 Section 31 23 19 – Dewatering ........................................................4
1.4 Section 31 32 00 – Soil Stabilisation (Reinforced

Ground)................................................................................................... 5
1.5 Section 31 41 00 – Shoring............................................................... 6
1.6 Section 31 51 16 – Ground Anchors ...............................................7

RUA AL MADINAH Page iii
1 GEOTECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

RUA AL MADINAH Page 1
1.1 SECTION 31 09 00 – GEOTECHNICAL INSTRUMENTATION
& MONITORING

Rua Al Madinah Infrastructure Early Works Package
SECTION 31 09 00 – GEOTECHNICAL INSTRUMENTATION & MONITORING ............................................... 2

GENERAL..................................................................................................................................... 2
RELATED DOCUMENTS .................................................................................................................. 2
SUMMARY........................................................................................................................................ 2
DEFINITION ...................................................................................................................................... 3
SUBMITTALS.................................................................................................................................... 4
QUALITY ASSURANCE .................................................................................................................... 5
JOB CONDITIONS ............................................................................................................................ 6
LOCATION OF INSTRUMENTATION ................................................................................................ 7
INSTRUMENTATION AND MONITORING RATIONALE ..................................................................... 7
PRODUCTS .................................................................................................................................. 8
DATA ACQUISITION, PROCESSING AND REPORTING ................................................................... 8
MOVEMENT DETECTION INSTRUMENTS ....................................................................................... 8
GROUNDWATER MONITORING DEVICES..................................................................................... 10
GROUND ANCHOR AND/OR STATIC LOAD INSTRUMENTATION ................................................. 11
MATERIALS.................................................................................................................................... 12
EXECUTION ............................................................................................................................... 12
GENERAL ....................................................................................................................................... 12
PREPARATION............................................................................................................................... 12
DRILLING, GROUTING, PREPARATION AND PROTECTION ......................................................... 12
DATA COLLECTION REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................... 13
DISCLOSURE OF DATA ................................................................................................................. 14
INTERPRETATION AND USE OF DATA.......................................................................................... 14
RESPONSE ACTIONS .................................................................................................................... 14
SUPPORT OF EXCAVATION RESPONSE PLAN FOR ALERT LEVELS .......................................... 14
INSTRUMENTATION ...................................................................................................................... 15
GROUNDWATER MONITORING DEVICES – OBSERVATION WELLS............................................ 16
GROUND ANCHORS AND STATIC LOAD INSTRUMENTATION ..................................................... 17
INSTALLATION ............................................................................................................................... 18
MONITORING OF INSTRUMENTATION.......................................................................................... 18
INSTRUMENT PROTECTION, MAINTENANCE AND REPLACEMENT ............................................ 20
DECOMMISSIONING INSTRUMENTATION .................................................................................... 20
DISPOSAL OF INSTRUMENTATION............................................................................................... 20
SURFACE COVERS ....................................................................................................................... 20
ISSUED FOR CONSTRUCTION SECTION 310900 / Page 1 GEOTECHNICAL INSTRUMENTATION

17 JUNE 2021 & MONITORING
SECTION 31 09 00 – GEOTECHNICAL INSTRUMENTATION & MONITORING
GENERAL
RELATED DOCUMENTS
Documents, drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary
Conditions and Division 1 Specification Sections, apply to this Section.
Related Work Sections and Documentation
Section 312300 Excavation and Fill;

Section 314100 Shoring;
Section 312319 Dewatering; and,
Section 315116 Ground Anchors.
Work in this section shall be considered as Specialist Work and as such must be carried out by a
competent Specialist Contractor.
References, codes and standards
General: All materials, workmanship and testing shall be in accordance with the following
documents, in their latest revisions, except that this Specification will have priority over any
duplicated requirements.
American Association of Highway and Transportation Officials: AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design
Specification SI Units, 4th Edition, 2007;
Saudi Building Codes 2018;
BS 5930:2015 Code of Practice for Ground Investigations;
ICE Manual of Geotechnical Engineering Volumes 1 and 2, 2012;
ASTM D6230 Standard Test Method for Monitoring Ground Movement Using Probe-Type
Inclinometers;
Dunnicliff, 1988, Geotechnical Instrumentation for Monitoring Field Performance;
BS 8081: 2015 Code of Practice for Ground Anchorages;
BS EN ISO 22475-1:2006 Geotechnical Investigation and Testing – Sampling methods and
groundwater measurements
BS 6100: Building and civil engineering: Vocabulary;
BS ISO 80000: Quantities and Units; and,
BS 5750: Quality Systems.
SUMMARY
This Section includes the following aspect of the project:
The design, installation, maintenance, and removal of geotechnical instrumentation for the proposed
tunneling and excavations, including any existing instrumentation, to monitor soil, rock, and structure
movements during construction within the project limits. This section also includes specifications for
reading, analyzing, and reporting instrumentation monitoring results.
Geotechnical instrumentation consists of movement detection instruments, load measurement, and

groundwater monitoring devices to be installed, maintained, monitored, and properly removed or left
in place by the Contractor.
Interpretations of data by the Contractor.
Standards for collecting and reporting data provided by the Contractor.
Obtaining appropriate permits for installation of instrumentation in borings.
Labor, products, equipment and services necessary for installing and reading the monitoring
instruments specified.
Use of Instrumentation Data
Do not disclose instrumentation monitoring data to third parties, and do not publish instrument
monitoring data without prior written concurrence by the Engineer and Client.
DEFINITION
Geotechnical Instrumentation - Any device designed to determine change in the position or state of stress
of soil, rock, and structures.
Instrumentation Zone is defined as a portion of an excavation containing monitoring instrumentation.
Instrument monitoring includes the reading of the installed instruments at defined time intervals;
performing calculations of height or elevation, including change of elevation from a baseline elevation;
plotting instrument readings; and providing readings, calculations and plots at specified intervals.
Monitoring also includes interpretation of the readings.
Frequency of Monitoring - The number of readings obtained from a geotechnical instrument with respect
to time.
Survey control is defined as a system of precise field measurements of the types specified herein, utilising
acceptable methods, equipment and personnel for determination of elevations, coordinates and
distances.
Interpretation is defined as including screening of data for correctness, identifying and confirming
instrumentation data trends, identifying anomalies, comparing individua l instrument data with other data,
relating data to construction activities, and determining if potential problems are developing.
Review Level: Value of instrumentation readings at which the Engineer and Contractor jointly assess
necessity of altering method, rate or sequence of.
Alert Level: Value of instrumentation readings at which the Project Manager/Engineer can order
construction operations to cease, make site and affected structures secure, and take necessary and
agreed upon measures to mitigate unacceptable movements, lower groundwater levels or pressures,
and assure safety of Work. Alert Levels for each instrument represents maximum permissible ground,
utility and structure movement due to activities associated with construction of Work, maximum
groundwater level permitted during construction, maximum load or stress which may be imposed on
elements of temporary Works system, or maximum vibration levels permitted.
Baseline Reading: Initial readings taken prior to construction to provide a baseline against which all
subsequent readings are compared to assess movements and changes in stress or pressure.
Response levels: Response levels encompass the cumulative movement, deformation, stress, strain,
and water level/pressure changes from the baseline readings.

SUBMITTALS
Pre-Submittal Meeting - Before the first submittal is made or any equipment is acquired, meet with the
Engineer and/or Contractor to discuss the plans and coordination with Engineer and/or Contractor
requirements.
Action and Information Submittals
Working Drawings/ Contract Drawings of instrumentation including location, layout, depths, existing
subsurface utilities and all details necessary to install, maintain, monitor and remove that
instrumentation. Show proposed locations at a scale, and describe instrumentation components.
Indicate methods of installation and maintenance for instrumentation systems.
Permits from the Authority prior to commencement of work/installation.
Notice to Engineer before installing geotechnical instrumentation 48hrs prior to proposed installation.
Proposed instrumentation installation schedule and monitoring schedule.
Support-of-excavation response plan for Alert Levels.
Qualifications of the company and its supervisory engineer and technicians installing instruments
and monitoring personnel as well as Driller's qualifications, for review and acceptance by Engineer.
Installation grout mix design.
Monitoring and instrumentation equipment submittals:
a. Proposed manufacturer, product name, type and other pertinent information to fully describe
the monitoring equipment described in this specification.
b. Proposed equipment to be used for drilling and grouting, including manufacturer and model
number of drill rigs, and method to be used for advancing the boreholes and cleaning the inside
of casings or augers.
c. Manufacturers' catalogues and printed installation instructions for instruments, included in
Working Drawings.
d. For each instrument, a copy of the final installation notes after installation.
Submit contingency plans to stabilize soil, rock, and structures affected by adverse movements
detected by instrumentation. Submit contingency plans at least one month prior to start of excavation
or tunnelling. At a minimum, include the following:
a. Names, telephone numbers, and locations of persons responsible for the contingency plan pro-
cedure,
b. Implementation procedure of contingency plans,
c. Materials and equipment required to implement contingency plans,
d. Location onsite of all required materials and equipment to implement contingency plans,
e. Step-by-step procedure for performing work involved in the implementation of the contingency
plans,
f. Review and Alert levels for all instruments,
g. Clear identification of objectives of contingency plans and methods to measure plan success.
Geotechnical instrumentation data collection forms.
Test and Evaluation Reports:
a. Geotechnical Instrumentation Monitoring Data:
1). Analyzed data to be submitted on forms approved by the Engineer within 48 hours after
instrument monitoring. Supply copies of field notes if requested.
2). Immediately report to the Engineer movements exceeding Alert level limits.

3). For each shift in which work is taking place, submit a report within 24 hours containing
the following:
4). Detailed excavation status for the early works east west tunnel and associated works at
time of instrument reading.
5). Excavation subgrade elevation at time of instrument reading.
6). Incidents of ground loss, groundwater flow, excavation support instability, or any other
unusual event.
7). General construction activity in the vicinity of the instruments.
8). Duration and cause of delays to construction activities.
9). Weather conditions.
Proposed secure web-based digital point of transfer.
Details of data transmission including all applicable protocols.
Site Quality Control Submittals:
Instrument Installation Data:

a. Record of instrument installation details including date and time of installation, general soil con-
dition at instrument site, adjacent construction activities, and remarks of unusual conditions ob-
served during installation.
b. As-built location and elevation of installed instruments. Supply location data within 48 hours of
instrument installation.
Handover and Closeout submittals
As-built drawings showing surveyed instrumentation, settlement survey points and grout mix
designs.
The Early Works Contractor appointed for the Early Works Package shall be responsible in
coordinating and arranging handover of the instrumentation and monitoring equipment’s and results
to the Haram Tunnel Contractor.
Report on the abandonment of instrumentation borings when applicable certifying that they have
been abandoned in accordance with applicable codes and regulations.
Prior to the de-commissioning of any Instrumentation, the Contractor shall produce a “close-out”
report that summarises the data from the Instrumentation the Contractor wishes to remove and
relates it to the construction activities that produced any observed changes. The report shall
demonstrate that the rate of change in the data has reached an acceptably small rate either in
accordance with specified rates or, where no rate is specified, in relation to Trigger Levels and an
evaluation of any potential residual risks.
Two sets of keys for each lock furnished and installed for geotechnical instrumentation.
QUALITY ASSURANCE
Provide a system of geotechnical instrumentation which will allow monitoring of soil, rock, and excavation
support elements, as well as adjacent existing structures, runway and taxiways, ground movements and
utilities to ensure safety and stability, confirm design assumptions, and provide a basis for establishing
compliance with contract requirements.
Construction Standards: Instrumentation and Control shall be in accordance with the relevant
Specifications, standards and details presented herein.
Furnish, install, and maintain geotechnical instrumentation systems using a company which is specialised
in furnishing, installing, calibrating and maintaining such systems. Employ qualified technicians with
experience in the installation of instruments of the types specified in this Section.

The Contractor shall programme the installation of all Instrumentation in order that baseline readings of
the instrumentation are undertaken before excavation works commence, or as otherwise directed by the
Engineer or the Works Information. Method Statements shall be submitted according to the sequence
and areas in which instrumentation and monitoring equipment is to be installed.
The Contractor shall ensure that he maintains an adequate stock of all types of Instrumentation in order
to avoid delays to the programme. Any Instrumentation held in storage shall be securely stored where it
will not suffer physical damage or damage arising from excessive moisture, extremes of temperature or
other adverse environmental conditions.
Instrumentation shall be procured such that automatic corrections for temperature shall be applied where
appropriate.
All non-recoverable Instrumentation used shall be new at the time of installation.
Accuracy of survey work required:
The initial coordinates of each instrument installation to 50mm unless otherwise agreed with the
Engineer.
The method of surveying shall determine the position of each instrument in X, Y, Z space to an
accuracy of +/-1mm unless otherwise agreed with the Engineer.
All elevations are to be stated in meters with reference to local coordinates and datum.
Personal qualifications
Instrumentation work involves highly specialized tasks. The Contractor's instrumentation personnel
are responsible for furnishing and installing all geotechnical instrumentation; maintaining
instrumentation as required; and monitoring, reporting and interpreting data; shall have the
qualifications specified herein.
The Contractor's Instrumentation personnel shall include:
a. Instrumentation selection, design, layout, and data analysis shall be performed by a registered
professional Engineer specializing in geotechnical engineering with 5 years’ experience in soil
stability and geotechnical design.
b. A specialist geotechnical consulting firm. A qualified and competent Engineer shall be ap-
pointed, specializing in geotechnical engineering with at least 5 years’ experience in the instal-
lation, monitoring and maintenance of instruments of the types specified in this Section, to su-
pervise and direct instrument installation and to be responsible for the instrument installation
and data collection and reporting. All data and reports shall be reviewed, stamped and sealed
by a professional Engineer.
c. Instrumentation monitoring shall be performed by qualified technicians with at least 5 years’
experience in the reading of instruments of the type specified.
d. The actual installer of the geotechnical instrumentation shalt have installed similar number and
types of instruments specified herein, on a minimum of 2 similar projects in the past 5 years.
e. Experienced geotechnical engineers having at least 5 years of relevant experience shall be
employed to log borings, identify samples during instrument installation, inspect instrumentation
installations, monitor instrumentation, and report directly to the Engineer.
f. Personnel employed for drilling instrumentation boreholes: Having at least 5 years of direct field
experience in drilling boreholes for installing the types of instruments specified herein.
JOB CONDITIONS
Do not disclose to third parties or publish monitoring data without the approval of the Engineer.
The Engineer may monitor any geotechnical instrument at any time. Provide and facilitate access to
instruments for the Authority.

The instrumentation monitoring data shall be continuously reviewed and interpreted by the responsible
instrumentation specialist.
During construction, additional instrumentation may be required beyond that proposed in the initial
design. Modifications to the instrumentation plan, including proposed instrument locations, may be
required due to site conditions and instrumentation results.
Ensure that all instrumentation installations are continuously protected and are not damaged by
construction activities. Replace or repair as necessary any instrument damaged by construction activities
or adverse soil, rock, or structure movement.
Continuously maintain all geotechnical instrumentation in proper working condition and within
manufacturer’s specifications. Immediately repair or replace malfunctioning equipment. All
instrumentation readout devices to be periodically tested and recalibrated within schedule as
recommended by the instrument manufacturer or as approved by the Engineer.
LOCATION OF INSTRUMENTATION
The rationale and type of Instrumentation required, as a minimum, are detailed within this specification
and Contract drawings. The Contractor shall propose for the acceptance of the Engineer, any additional
Instrumentation he considers necessary to control the Works. The final location of each monitoring point
shall be agreed with the Engineer and, where required, third parties.
The Contractor shall survey the as-constructed position of instrument locations by a method approved
by the Engineer. The method of surveying shall determine the position of each instrument in X, Y, Z
space to an accuracy of ±1mm unless otherwise agreed with the Engineer.
INSTRUMENTATION AND MONITORING RATIONALE
An overview of the instrumentation type rationale is presented below. The Contractor shall propose for
the acceptance of the Engineer, an instrumentation and monitoring strategy for the Works, highlighting
any additional instrumentation.
Instrumentation Type Rationale

Extensometers For monitoring vertical deformation of ground at various elevations in association
with the tunnel excavations and construction of the Ali bin Abi Talib and Utility
tunnels. Monitoring from existing ground level to below the lowest excavation
level along/adjacent to the cut and cover tunnel alignments.
Benchmarks As an established survey point at a known elevation that is used as the basis
for measuring the elevation of other topographical points.
Soil Inclinometers For monitoring horizontal deformation of ground from surface to below the lowest
excavation level of the temporary works along the cut and cover tunnel alignments.
Wall Inclinometers For monitoring horizontal deformation of wall from surface to 0.5m above the
base of the wall toe level.
Monitoring/Settlement Used for monitoring vertical ground deformation, existing utility deflection and
Points movements of various adjacent existing structures, in relation to potential
movements associated with the excavation and construction of the cut and
cover tunnels.
Standpipe & Vibrating Installed in observation wells for monitoring groundwater elevations and pres-
Wire Piezometers sures in relation to de-watering, excavations and construction activities as
part of the tunnel excavation and construction. .
Strain Gauges For monitoring strains during static load tests of the bearing piles and testing and
the ground anchors during the temporary works.

Instrumentation Type Rationale

Load Cells Used for monitoring load during static load tests of the bearing piles and test-
ing the ground anchors during the temporary works.
PRODUCTS
DATA ACQUISITION, PROCESSING AND REPORTING
Data Management System
The Contractor shall provide an integrated system that automatically collects data from the
geotechnical instrumentation and places it into a secure database using a data management system.
The system shall also include all data from all manually read instruments and optical surveys.
The Contractor shall implement a system that notifies Contractor/Engineer in a timely manner of
significant instrumentation readings, malfunction or loss of the instrument.
The Engineer will also have access to the electronic data that the Contractor shall place on the
Project Access Web Site for viewing and printing reports only.
The data management system shall be able to display current readings in engineering units for any
sensor and the entire history of readings for that sensor via a Web browser.
Web-based User Interface
Provide a web-based user interface that can be run from any web browser to allow a complete review
of project data that:
a. Provides password protected access and different user levels including Administrators, Project
Managers, Project Users, and Guests.
b. Shows graphically the monitoring points/locations in relation to relevant project features (i.e.,
new construction, existing buildings, existing services, etc.).
c. Gives users the ability to choose which project features and monitoring points are displayed.
d. Displays all data collected since the beginning of the Project for any/all instruments for time
period indicated by the user.
e. Provides user with ability to review data in either raw or engineering units
f. Displays a summary report of the current active alerts from all active instruments together with
current levels for each instrument. All readings that exceed the Alert values shall be displayed
in yellow. All readings that exceed the Maximum levels shall be displayed in red.
g. Provides print reports – either formatted to a printable screen resolution or outputted as a print-
able version of the report.
h. Supports export of data and reports to other applications.
MOVEMENT DETECTION INSTRUMENTS
Borehole Extensometers
The Contractor shall install multiple-point borehole extensometers from acceptable manufacturer to
measure subsurface settlement with electrical sensors equipped with a remote monitoring system.
A range adjustment device fitted at the reference collar shall extend the reading range beyond that
of the measurement device.
No more than six rods shall be installed in a single hole with each rod of a different length so that
displacements at various depths may be recorded.
Each rod shall be individually isolated by its own plastic sleeve and the complete assembly shall be

grouted in place fixing the anchors to the ground but allowing free movement of each rod within its
sleeve.
A single reference housing shall receive all of the rods from a drill hole and provide protection to the
reference head. The reference head shall permit automatic reading.
The accuracy of drilling shall be such that the drilled hole shall be straight and not deviate from its
intended orientation by more than four degrees.
A level survey point shall be fixed to the top of the reference head of the extensometer to allow
levelling.
Rods shall be fabricated from aluminum alloy, stainless steel or fiberglass.
Anchor points shall have extendable prongs or be cadmium plated deformed mild steel bar of 22mm
diameter and 500mm long.
Grout with approximately the same shear strength and compressibility as the surrounding ground
shall be used.
Extensometers shall be fitted with protective covers, recessed or incorporated in linings as
appropriate.
Readout unit shall have the following requirements
a. measuring range of each anchor point: +/-50mm:
b. accuracy: 0.2% full scale; and
c. Resolution: 0.1mm or better.
Benchmarks
Inner and outer steel pipes conforming to ASTM standard.

Couplings or steel spiders to center inner pipe.
Use heavy vegetable-based grease at couplings.
Read point consisting of a ball fabricated from suitable grade of stainless steel.
Inclinometers
The Contractor shall install inclinometers to monitor lateral displacements of the wall and the soil.
The locations shall be coordinated with temporary and permanent Works so that these do not
obstruct the inclinometer tubes. The tubes shall be protected during the Works.
Inclinometer casings - Flexible inclinometer casings shall be cast into sections of the retaining wall
(secondary (male) secant piles or diaphragm wall panels) and within boreholes in relation to soil
inclinometers. They shall extend down to 0.5m above the base of the wall level and be continued up
to the top of the capping beam (for pile wall inclinometers) and to apron level for the soil
inclinometers.
Plastic casing for installation in the ground from an acceptable manufacturer and agreed with the
Engineer. The tube shall be supplied in lengths of at least 3.0m.
Couplings, locking devices, and caps - The coupling size, types, joints, rivet heads and end caps
shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and shall be sealed with mastic and
sealing tape to prevent ingress of grout or water. The spiral twisting of the keyways shall not exceed
0.75° per meter length of tubing for the whole length of fabricated tubing.
The access tube shall typically be formed from plastic tubing with an internal diameter to
accommodate the inclinometer probe. The tube shall have four keyways set at right angles to each
other.
The orientation of the key ways shall be such that they are parallel and perpendicular to the

orientation of any tunnel, excavation or wall to be monitored, or otherwise agreed with the Engineer.
Grout - In accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.
Ground Surface Protection: Access tubes shall be protected with a suitable surround and cover at
surface level. Actual details to be proposed by the Contractor and agreed with the Engineer.
Inclinometer probes:
a. Pulley assembly with cable holds and cable reels, and other accessories associated with the
instrument.
b. Manufactured by an acceptable manufacturer.
c. Furnish inclinometer probes and readout indicators in numbers to ensure the constant availa-
bility of functioning units on the site in case of loss or failure of prime units.
d. The inclinometer and logging system shall be capable of recording biaxial movements.
e. The datum readings should be established using at least two probes and the readings shall be
submitted to the Engineer together with the serial numbers of the probes.
f. All subsequent readings shall only be taken using probes with which the datum readings have
already been established.
g. The stability of the reading system shall be checked at weekly intervals through the use of
checksum calculations.
h. The overall system shall have an accuracy of +/-2mm per 25m casing
i. The inclinometer probe shall have the following requirements:
1). probe gauge length: 500mm or greater;
2). measurement range: +/-30 degrees or greater from vertical;
3). operating temperature range: 0°C to +50°C;
4). sensor accuracy: +/-0.2mm;
5). resolution: 0.02mm or better per 500mm gauge length;
6). Repeatability: +/-0.1% full scale.
j. Once the probe is introduced into the inclinometer and prior to the commencement of readings,
sufficient time shall be allowed for the temperature of the probe to stabilize.
Settlement Survey Points
Ground Surface Settlement Survey Points:

a. Use chisel marks, concrete nails, round-headed bolts or combinations thereof, as field condi-
tions require or as agreed with the Engineer.
b. Use Surface Settlement Markers as indicated as necessary.
Building (or Structure) Survey Points:
a. Use decals, scribe marks, nails/pins or sections of leveling rod face directly on structural col-
umns and walls.
GROUNDWATER MONITORING DEVICES
Observation wells (standpipes):
The Contractor shall install standpipe piezometers to monitor changes in ground water levels in
specified strata at depths to be agreed with the Engineer on Site.
The piezometers shall be installed and Baseline Readings established prior to excavation and prior
to any dewatering or depressurization.
The Contractor shall propose for the Engineer’s approval the method of installation and materials to

be used.
Filter sand shall be clean, well-graded medium quartz sand.
The Contractor shall propose for the Engineer’s acceptance the method of installation and materials
to be used.
Backfill grout: Low shear strength lean concrete with/without bentonite and agreed with the Engineer.
Vibrating Wire (VW) Piezometers:
The Contractor shall install vibrating wire piezometers to monitor pore water pressures. The
Contractor shall supply piezometers of the pressure range to be agreed with the Engineer.
Each piezometer shall be installed in a separate borehole of 100mm minimum diameter.
The Contractor shall propose for the Engineer’s approval the method of installation and materials to
be used.
Groutable vibrating wire piezometer from acceptable manufacturer with a temperature sensor.
The accuracy of instrument and readout device shall be within +/-1% of the true pressure.
GROUND ANCHOR AND/OR STATIC LOAD INSTRUMENTATION
Strain Gauges (vibrating wire strain gauges)
The Contractor shall install vibrating wire strain gauges to monitor strain.
Vibrating wire strain gauges shall be of robust construction. All exposed parts of the gauge shall be
manufactured from stainless steel. All strain gauges shall be waterproof unless otherwise agreed
with the Engineer. Those that are not waterproof shall be splash proof. Those that are waterproof
shall be tested to withstand a test water pressure of 15 bars prior to delivery to site. Test Certificates
shall be provided.
Vibrating wire strain gauges shall be provided to the gauge lengths specified on the drawings and
have the following characteristics:
a. strain range: 2500 με
b. accuracy: +/-3 με
c. resolution: 1 με
d. operating temperature range: –10°C to +50°C.
Strain gauges - Weather-resistant, suitable to be attached to steel or pre-cast concrete or embedded
in cast-in-situ concrete, and manufactured by acceptable manufacturers.
Compatible software along with the appropriate hardware in sufficient numbers (or length) to ensure
that all load zones data is automated and retrievable via a telemetry system.
Instrument cables to be contained in metal conduit that is securely attached to the test subject.
Connector wires - As recommended by the strain gauge manufacturer.
Vibrating wire readout unit from acceptable manufacturer. Furnish in numbers sufficient to ensure
the constant availability of functioning units on the site in case of loss or failure of prime units.
Load cells
Bonded strain gauge transduction type

The latest moisture-resistant model developed specifically for load measurements by acceptable
manufacturer.
One percent accuracy within the load range.

Readout unit by acceptable manufacturer, equipped with switching arrangement which will enable
each load cell contained in a load instrumentation zone to be recorded without changing connecting
electrical leads.
Furnish readout unit in numbers sufficient to ensure constant availability of functioning units on the
site in case of loss or failure of the initial units
Connector wires - As recommended by the load cell manufacturer.
MATERIALS
Sand
Water: Potable.
Bentonite or polymer additives: For controlling viscosity of drilling fluids as required. Grout Mix: Mix
to uniform consistency and to manufacturer's written instructions.
EXECUTION
GENERAL
Provide and facilitate access to each instrument for the Engineer.
Finalise precise locations for installation of the instruments installed in the field by joint agreement with
the Engineer.
Mark boring locations on the ground surface prior to actual drilling. Have the existing utilities, if any,
located by utility owners prior to start of installation. Relocate installations, if necessary, to avoid
subsurface utilities. If the boring location is within 1.0m of a marked utility, expose the utility by hand
excavation prior to drilling.
Discuss with the Engineer on a daily basis, the interpretation of instrumentation monitoring data as used
in evaluating excavation performance and controlling settlements to prevent damage to existing
structures, facilities, and utilities.
PREPARATION
Prepare specific areas for instrumentation by chipping with pneumatic hammer, cleaning with air water
jet or other means acceptable to the Engineer. Where required, apply neat cement paste, grout or other
materials for final finish, as directed by Engineer
DRILLING, GROUTING, PREPARATION AND PROTECTION
Drill holes in surface hardstanding and cased holes in fills and soil for installation of instruments. Drill
holes of different lengths and diameters as indicated on Contract Drawings and agreed with the Engineer.
Flush holes with clean water until free of debris. Re-drill holes which are unacceptable to the Engineer
due to misalignment or other irregularities as directed by the Engineer. Backfill abandoned holes with
cement grout to acceptance of the Engineer.
Prior to installing instruments, remove material adhering to inside of casings or augers, and cuttings.
When withdrawing drill casings or augers during instrument installation in borehole, minimise the length
of unsupported borehole and rate of casing or auger withdrawal. Do not permit collapse of boreholes.
Withdraw casing or auger without rotation. Casing or auger may be omitted, if accepted by Engineer,
only where it can be shown that instrument installation without casing or auger will not cause collapse of
borehole or adversely affect instrument installation.

Take precautions to protect instruments or devices during and after installation. Replace instruments or
devices that are damaged due to performance of Work.
Install protection to exposed parts of instruments as required by the Engineer.
Mix grout using equipment capable of thoroughly mixing grout material to uniform consistency. Place
grout using tremie method, where applicable, with side discharge ports on tremie pipe.
The top section of every installation shall match the surrounding reinstatement make-up and strength
with a protective cover installed at ground level. All installation equipment covers shall be left flush with
the existing apron level.
DATA COLLECTION REQUIREMENTS
All instrumentation readings shall be reported in the International System (Sl) units.
The Contractor to supply and install all monitoring instrumentation. The Contractor to monitor all
instrumentation and obtain all data from instruments in accordance with Contract Drawings.
Calibrate instruments at the beginning and end of work, and at all times during the monitoring program
meet manufacturer's minimum calibration requirements. Damaged or non-functional instruments shall be
replaced or repaired to ensure uninterrupted readings schedules.
The Contractor shall repair or replace the damaged instrument within 48 hours, at no additional cost to
the Owner. The Engineer shall be the sole judge of whether repair or replacement is required.
Replacement instrumentation must be correlated with previous readings.
Take baseline readings of instruments, initial monitoring frequency, and acknowledge in writing
acceptance of baseline readings.
Monitoring data obtained directly by Contractor will be supplied to the Engineer. Respond immediately to
data that exceeds the agreed performance criteria.
Read and record data from the monitoring installations at frequencies agreed with the Engineer.
Monitoring data to be collected by the Contractor is to be initially completed at frequencies agreed with
the Engineer.
Monitoring frequencies may be modified by the Engineer at any time, depending on location, construction
progress, scheduling and efficiency of temporary Works, construction rates of movement, and other
factors affecting the earth, existing utilities or structures that are subject to monitoring.
All settlement monitoring data shall be obtained with a precision of +/-2 mm unless otherwise agreed with
the Engineer.
Monitoring frequency does not indicate monitoring required for Contractor's control or safety of
construction. Perform monitoring necessary for safety and performance of construction operations.
Take independent readings of instruments as needed for safety and control of construction after giving
adequate notice to the Engineer.
Facilitate safe access and provide necessary assistance to the Engineer when the Engineer finds it
necessary to take independent readings of instruments installed by Contractor.
Submit draft data from instruments read by Contractor to Engineer during or at the end of each shift.

The Contractor is to provide and maintain a web based service throughout the Contract for the remote
visualisation, management and analysis of all monitoring data. The data is to be available from any
internet connected computer. The system shall be capable of automatically collecting data from all
dataloggers. The database shall also include a display of all data provided from manually read
instruments.
Submit electronic instrumentation monitoring data, including Contractor's data to the Engineer. In addition
to parameters being measured, such as x, y and z co-ordinates (ass per local coordinate and datum
system) for survey data, include date, time, temperature, instrument name and number, location, name
of person(s) taking readings and other pertinent data required by the Engineer. In addition, submit
hardcopy of each round of monitoring data to the Engineer. Maintain complete record of monitoring data
on-site in compatible form to above.
DISCLOSURE OF DATA
Contractor shall attend weekly monitoring review meetings, and any additional meetings that are deemed
necessary, with the Engineer. Daily meetings shall be required in case the Alert Level is exceeded for
any monitored instrument.
Do not disclose any instrumentation data to third parties and do not publish data without prior approval
and written consent of the Engineer.
INTERPRETATION AND USE OF DATA
The Contractor shall be responsible for interpretations of monitoring program data where it is used to
control safety and operations or to meet specification requirements in Contract Documents, include
making correlations between instrumentation data and specific construction activities. Evaluate
instrumentation data to determine whether response to construction activities is reasonable.
The Review Level and Alert Level values will be agreed between the Contractor and Engineer.
RESPONSE ACTIONS
If Review Level is reached:
The Contractor shall meet with the Engineer to discuss response action(s), and develop a Review-
Level Response Plan of Action.
The Contractor shall implement reviewed and accepted Review-Level Plan of Action.
If Alert Level is reached:
Alert Levels are not to be exceeded. Activities may be suspended in affected area with the exception
of those actions necessary to avoid exceeding Alert Level or to make the Work and affected
properties safe and secure.
Work may be stopped by Engineer. Bear any and all costs associated with such Work stoppage.
The Contractor shall meet with the Engineer and Third Party's Representative (if applicable) to
discuss response action(s) and develop an Alert-Level Response Plan of Action.
Install and monitor additional instruments as directed by the Engineer.
The Contractor shall implement reviewed and accepted Alert-Level Response Plan of Action.
SUPPORT OF EXCAVATION RESPONSE PLAN FOR ALERT LEVELS
The Contractor shall develop a preliminary response plan while designing the Contractor's support(s)-of-
excavation.

The Contractor shall submit the preliminary Response Plan 30 days prior to an excavation requiring
support-of-excavation to the Engineer for review for thoroughness and completeness.
The Contractor shall develop preliminary methods-and-means to respond to various alert level scenarios
based on types of geotechnical instruments that indicate alert level indications.
The Contractor and the Engineer shall meet and agree with the Contractor's Response Plan. The
Contractor shall commit and submit to the Engineer the resources and the response timing for
Contractor's Support-of-Excavation Response Plan for Alert Levels.
INSTRUMENTATION
The Contractor shall be responsible to purchase, install, initialise, read, monitor, and interpret the
following geotechnical instrumentation:
Standpipe Piezometers (SPZ)/observation wells:
Used for monitoring groundwater levels and include:

a. Open pipe with porous filter at base of borehole.
b. Annulus seal consisting of grout mix around the riser pipe and above the granular bentonite
seal.
c. Water level indicator in riser pipe to monitor water level.
Vibrating Wire Piezometers (VPZ):
Used for monitoring groundwater pressure and include:

a. Piezometers sealed within boreholes, with cable connected to terminal at borehole collar.
b. Readings are made at each terminal with a portable readout unit.
Borehole Extensometers
Drill boreholes at locations agreed with the Engineer, to required depths to receive borehole
extensometers:
a. Retain qualified personnel and make logs of subsoil encountered during drilling.
b. Take soil samples and make soil classifications in accordance with BS or ASTM standards at
minimum 1.0m intervals and at each change in stratification.
c. Ensure and verify that hole is drilled per instrument manufacturer’s installation requirements.
Install multiple-point borehole extensometers at locations indicated or as necessary. Have individual
anchor point elevations approved by the Engineer.
Tremie sand-cement grout from the bottom of the hole.
Install protective cover in accordance to the agreed reinstatement procedures.
Monitoring/Settlement Points:
Ground Monitoring/Survey Points (GMP):

a. Used for monitoring vertical ground deformation. Details of this type of monitoring point are to
be agreed with the Engineer.
Utility Monitoring Points (UMP):
a. Used for monitoring vertical utility movement. Details of this type of monitoring point are to be
agreed with the Engineer Actual utility monitoring point locations to be determined by the Con-
tractor and reviewed by the Engineer.
Structure Monitoring Points (SMP):

a. Used for monitoring vertical and horizontal movements of various structures. Details of this type
of monitoring point are to be agreed with the Engineer
Inclinometers for Soil (SINC) and Retaining Wall (INC):
Used for monitoring horizontal deformation of ground from surface to below the lowest excavation
level of the tunnel profiles (soil inclinometers) and for monitoring horizontal deformation of the wall
from cap level to 0.5m above the base of the toe level (wall inclinometers).
Consist of a plastic casing grouted into vertical boreholes. Inclinometers are monitored by lowering
an inclinometer probe down the casing for deformation measurements.
Vibrating Wire Strain Gauges (ST):
Used for monitoring strains in in the ground anchors for the shoring walls.
Spot welded or bolted to test members. Perform monitoring by cabling gauges to central location in
vicinity.
Dataloggers:
a. Used for monitoring instruments at major instrumentation sections. Locate and protect datalog-
ger away from immediate construction activities.
b. Protect cabling to central monitoring station from damage.
Load Cells (LC):
Used for monitoring sustained load on tie-backs where used for shoring support.
Benchmarks
Establish a system of benchmarks before construction activities and before other instruments are
installed. This shall be undertaken in agreement with the Engineer.
GROUNDWATER MONITORING DEVICES – OBSERVATION WELLS
Observation Wells:
Install observation wells and make functional before beginning dewatering operations or
commencement of any excavation. Prove proper functioning of observation wells upon installation.
Demonstrate that each well is functioning properly by measuring rate of rise or fall of water levels in
such well therein.
Drill holes for observation wells of the indicated diameters and to the agreed depths (with the
Engineer on Site). If necessary to prevent caving, case holes with a temporary flush joint type casing.
As an alternative method, drilling fluid of a self- degrading type, which loses its viscosity after a
period of time, may be used. Comply with latest standards for hole diameter and for the diameter of
the PVC pipe to be installed. After reaching the required depth, clean the hole of loose earth, particles
of cuttings and other debris.
Make logs and take samples of soil encountered during drilling, in accordance with requirements for
borehole extensometers above.
Set the bottom of the slotted pipe to the required elevation. Flush drilling fluid, if used, out of the
hole. Place filter material in the hole to surround the pipe up to the elevation of the seal. For
observation wells, seal the annulus around the riser pipe as indicated. Backfill the remainder of the
hole with grout so as to be consistent with latest standards. Withdraw temporary casing, if used, as
the filter material, seal, and backfill are placed.
Install the cover and secure to the permanent casing.
Unless indicated for removal, maintain observation wells functional until the completion of work.

Existing Well Maintenance:
Maintenance of the existing, if any, groundwater and gas wells consists of a field reconnaissance no
less than once per 3 months whereby a visual assessment is documented on an assessment form
for each well including the condition of the well box surface cover and well box interior (i.e. does it
contain soil and/or water).
VW Piezometers:
Install vibrating wire piezometers at the bottom anchor of each borehole extensometer and make
functional at least one week before the commencement of construction works.
Take a soil sample at the piezometer elevation and retain the sample for verification of the stratum
to be monitored.
Before installation, take a reading of the vibrating wire transducer, temperature sensor, and
corresponding barometric pressure.
Perform a post-installation acceptance test to verify that the piezometer functions correctly.
Determine the as-built location in horizontal position to the required accuracy of survey work, and
top of instrument to an accuracy of +/-25mm.
GROUND ANCHORS AND STATIC LOAD INSTRUMENTATION
Strain Gauges
Install strain gauges in sets on bracing members at minimum four diameters or larger section
dimensions away from each end or jacking location. Exact locations will be determined in
accordance with the approved design. Install strain gauges before loading, in conformance with the
strain gauge manufacturer's installation instructions. Supervise installation, connection and
operation of the strain gauges using a qualified representative of the strain gauge manufacturer for
at least the first 20 strain gauge installations.
For each strain gauge zone on stressed bracing members, install one additional temperature
compensation strain gauge on an unstressed segment of strut affixed to the support wall in a position
subject to the same temperature fluctuations as the stressed member. Install the temperature
compensation gauges in the same manner as those installed on stressed members.
Connect strain gauges to data logger(s) and multiplexers in conformance with the strain gauge
manufacturer's instructions and so that all locations provide both strain and temperature readings.
Route wiring to prevent mechanical damage and encase in conduit.
Install one or more data logger(s) as required for monitoring all strain gages and load cells, in a
protected location.
Load Cells
Install load cells for ground anchors.

Determine exact locations on Site with agreement with the Engineer. Install load cells in
conformance with the load cell manufacturer's instructions.
Connect load cells to data logger(s) using terminal boxes and/or multiplexers in conformance with
the load cell manufacturer's instructions. Encase connections in metal conduit. Have load cell
connection and operation supervised by a qualified field representative of the load cell manufacturer
for at least the first Instrumentation Zone.
Install one or more data logger(s) as required for monitoring all strain gages and load cells, in a
protected location.

INSTALLATION
Responsibilities of Contractor on-site include:
Field located positions of instrumentation are indicatively shown on Contract Drawings. Utility
clearances to be obtained by the Contractor prior to drilling boreholes. Changes in locations are to
be reviewed and accepted by the Engineer prior to installation. All final locations to be approved by
the Engineer prior to installation by the Contractor.
Transport instruments, testing equipment and accessories for instrumentation from storage to
installation locations.
Install all instruments in accordance with manufacturers' recommendations. All installation methods
or procedures that deviate from the manufacturers' recommendations shall be reviewed and
accepted by the Engineer prior to installation.
Supply, fabricate and install protection to installed instrumentation. Protect from damage during
construction and maintain exposed instrumentation components. Repair or replace instruments
damaged by performance of Work, to acceptance of Engineer at no cost to the owner. Notify the
Engineer of any damage or maintenance problem.
Clean-up and restore area around instrument location following installation to conditions existing
prior to installation.
Contractor to provide, install, monitor, and interpret data from any additional instrumentation necessary
to control its method of operation, ensure safety of personnel and ensure integrity of Work, at no
additional cost to the Owner.
Install instruments at locations indicated on the Contract Drawings and subsequent to approval by the
Engineer.
Install and obtain baseline readings for all surface installations prior to excavation, dewatering activities,
or construction activities in accordance with approved schedule.
For all installations located within excavated areas, install and obtain baseline reading as soon as
practical after excavation or passage of tunnel heading in accordance with approved schedule.
Install instruments as close as practical to locations submitted and approved. Actual conditions in field
may require location adjustment. Obtain Engineer approval for location adjustments.
After installation, submit reports showing location and installation details of each instrument.
Ensure that all proposed instrument locations will not result in damage to utilities or other structures.
Coordinate proposed instrument locations with Utility and any other affected owners prior to instrument
installation.
MONITORING OF INSTRUMENTATION
Base Line Reading:
At time of Base Line reading, verify that instrument is functioning and has been installed in
accordance with contract specifications and manufacturer’s recommendations.
Obtain at least three separate and complete sets of base line readings on each instrument which
yield consistent results.
Should inconsistent base line readings be obtained on any instrument, reread until correct and
repeatable readings are obtained.
Monitoring Frequency:

Monitoring frequency to be in accordance with schedule submitted and approved by Engineer.

Instrument readings which show significant change from previous readings shall be reread immediately.
Perform monitoring of geotechnical instrumentation.
Monitoring of Borehole Extensometers

a. Take 3 readings of each extensometer instrument to establish a baseline reading, at intervals
of at least 24 hours. Take the third and last baseline reading at least one week before the con-
struction works commence. If the baseline readings show a large variation, take additional read-
ings to establish a baseline reading.
b. Read once each week or more often if settlement readings so require from the start of support
system installation or onset of dewatering operations, whichever occurs first until the completion
of construction, unless otherwise directed by the Engineer.
Settlement/Monitoring Survey Points:
a. Take 3 readings of each instrument to establish a baseline reading. Take the third and last
baseline reading at least one week before the construction works commence. If the baseline
readings show a large variation, take additional readings to establish a baseline reading.
b. Read once each week or more often if settlement readings so require from the start of support
system installation or onset of dewatering operations, whichever occurs first until the completion
of construction, unless otherwise directed by the Engineer.
Inclinometers
a. Take readings to establish a baseline reading, at intervals of at least 24 hours for minimum of 1
week after the installation. Establish baseline reading before adjacent construction work com-
mences.
b. Read once each week, or more often if deformation readings so require, from the start of con-
struction, until completion of the works, unless otherwise directed by the Engineer.
c. In addition to the above, read immediately following each phase of construction.
Ground Anchor and Static Load Instrumentation
a. Take baseline strain gauge reading before and immediately after strut jacking and/or anchor
tensioning.
b. Ground anchor - Read once per day while excavating within 15m from the ground anchor loca-
tion, and once per week when excavating beyond the 15m zone. Read once per week thereafter
until the internal the anchors are removed (as applicable) or the cut-and-cover structure is com-
plete to a point where the anchors are no longer needed for excavation support.
c. In addition to the above, on any day when the air temperature reaches 35°C or higher, read all
struts hourly and evaluate the temperature effect.
Observation Wells
a. Take a baseline set of reference water level readings after installation and at least 24 hours
before dewatering.
b. Record elevation of the water level once per day during the excavation or dewatering operation.
If groundwater level is below the bottom of excavation and if no dewatering is required or per-
formed, record water level once a week.
c. For existing ground water installations, take readings no less than once per 3 months during the
Works.
Vibrating Wire Piezometers:
a. Take three readings of each vibrating wire piezometer to establish a baseline reading, at inter-
vals of at least 24 hours. Take the third and last baseline reading at least one week before
construction commences. If the baseline readings show a large variation, take additional read-
ings to establish a baseline reading.
Coordinate with such instrumentation monitoring activities as follows:

a. Be available to discuss the interpretation of instrumentation data for evaluating construction

performance and controlling settlements to prevent damage to structures, facilities and utilities.
b. Provide a weekly brief narrative of any instrumentation activity for the preceding week, including
interpretation of available data.
c. Allowable Movements, Action and Maximum Levels shall be confirmed by the Contractor and
Engineer.
INSTRUMENT PROTECTION, MAINTENANCE AND REPLACEMENT
Protect and maintain instruments. Drain water or flush debris from under traffic covers. Keep protective
covers secured.
Maintain the observation wells in good condition by sounding on a regular basis, at least monthly, until
the completion of Work.
Provide suitable protective barriers around instruments in construction areas, suitable for protecting
instruments from damage due to construction activities.
Repair or replace damaged or missing instrument components or entire instruments as required within
48 hours at no extra cost to the Authority.
Instruments shall not be disposed of, backfilled, removed, or salvaged without the prior written consent
of the Engineer.
Restore surfaces affected by installation of instruments to their original condition prior to completion of
Work.
DECOMMISSIONING INSTRUMENTATION
De-commissioning Instruments along the Haram Tunnel is not required in the Early Works package and
will be remain in place until construction completion to final grade level.
De-commissioning Instruments will be required for the Ali Bin Abi Talib and Utility tunnels in the Early
Works Package boundary limits following completion of construction up to final grade level. Method
statements for the decommissioning of monitoring instrumentation shall be submitted to the Engineer for
acceptance.
DISPOSAL OF INSTRUMENTATION
Instruments shall not be disposed of, backfilled, removed, or salvaged without the prior written consent
of the Engineer.
Remove salvageable instruments only when directed by the Engineer.
Restore surfaces affected by installation of instruments to their original condition prior to completion of
Work.
SURFACE COVERS
The surface section of the installations shall match the surrounding reinstatement make-up and strength
with a protective cover installed at ground level at each installation location. All installations shall be left
flush with the existing ground level.
The Contractor shall liaise with the airport operator to provide confirmation that the re-instatement has
been done in accordance with their requirements.
END OF SECTION

1.2 SECTION 31 23 00 – EXCAVATION AND FILL

SECTION 31 23 00 - EXCAVATION AND FILL ................................................................................................. 2

DESCRIPTION AND SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS OF THE WORKS ............................................. 2
DESCRIPTION AND SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS OF THE WORKS ................................................. 2
GENERAL..................................................................................................................................... 2
NATURE OF SOIL............................................................................................................................. 2
GROUNDWATER LEVEL .................................................................................................................. 3
ORIGINAL LEVELS ........................................................................................................................... 3
SITE FEATURES .............................................................................................................................. 3
EXISTING SERVICES ....................................................................................................................... 4
TREE PROTECTION......................................................................................................................... 4
EXCAVATED MATERIAL ARISING FROM THE SITE FOR RE-USE .................................................. 4
BERM DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION............................................................................................. 5
TRAFFIC........................................................................................................................................... 6
UNFORSEEN EVENTS ..................................................................................................................... 6
PROTECTION................................................................................................................................... 6
EXCAVATION ............................................................................................................................... 6
WORKMANSHIP ............................................................................................................................... 6
MAIN PLANT FOR EARTHWORKS ................................................................................................... 7
FORMATIONS GENERALLY ............................................................................................................. 7
FOUNDATIONS GENERALLY ........................................................................................................... 7
EXCESS EXCAVATION .................................................................................................................... 8
RECORDED AND UNRECORDED FEATURES ................................................................................. 8
MATERIALS...................................................................................................................................... 8
DISPOSAL OF EXCAVATED MATERIALS......................................................................................... 8
REMOVAL OF WATER ..................................................................................................................... 9
DEWATERING .................................................................................................................................. 9
TEMPORARY SUPPORTS TO EXCAVATIONS ................................................................................. 9
UNSTABLE GROUND ....................................................................................................................... 9
FILLING ...................................................................................................................................... 10
BACKFILLING SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS .................................................................................... 10
SUITABILITY OF EXISTING MATERIAL AS BACKFILL.................................................................... 10
FILL MATERIAL – GENERAL .......................................................................................................... 11
PLACING FILL – GENERAL ............................................................................................................ 12
GENERAL LANDSCAPE SUBSOIL FILLING.................................................................................... 12
COMPACTED GRANULAR FILLING................................................................................................ 13
BACKFILLING TO FOUNDATIONS ................................................................................................. 13
ENGINEERED BACKFILL SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS .................................................................. 13
IMPORTED FILL ............................................................................................................................. 16
HARDCORE.................................................................................................................................... 17
BLINDING ....................................................................................................................................... 17
ISSUED FOR CONSTRUCTION SECTION 312300 / Page 1 EXCAVATION AND FILL

03 JUNE 2021
STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS DIVISION 31 00 00 – EARTHWORK
WSP SECTION 31 23 00 - EXCAVATION AND FILL
SECTION 31 23 00 - EXCAVATION AND FILL
DESCRIPTION AND SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS OF THE WORKS
This Specification covers the general earthworks requirements for the Early Works Package for Rua Al
Madinah Infrastructure in accordance with the following Specifications:
Saudi Building Code (SBC) 303 (2018) Chapter 3,

MOMRA General Specifications for Urban Roads (2005); and;
BS 6031:2009 Code of Practice for Earthworks.
The works shall include, but are not necessarily limited to, all items necessary to undertake the
construction of works in accordance with the Construction drawings.
The cost of all operations needed for the excavation and disposal work as required and specified,
including temporary and permanent support work, breaking, loading, hauling and dumping in accordance
with the provisions of the Project Documentation shall be included in the Contractor’s price.
General earthworks shall be grouped into the following general types:
General bulk fill areas – general raising of ground level;

Soft landscape areas – non-engineering use;
Hard landscape areas – light loads; and,
Engineering fill areas – heavy/structural/vehicular loads.
The Contractor (or known as Early Works Contractor) shall adhere to the requirements within SBC 303
(2018) Chapter 3 for general procedures and requirements for submittals.
The scope of excavation works for the Early Works Contractor for Haram Tunnel and associated tunnel
branches shall be limited to the defined safe level of 1.0m above groundwater level as indicated in the
Construction drawings. The Early Works Contractor appointed for the Early Works Package shall be
responsible in coordinating and arranging handover of excavation works to the Haram Tunnel Contractor
for the final excavation completion.
GENERAL
NATURE OF SOIL
The Contractor shall visit the site and ascertain for himself the condition of the surface of the ground and
the type of soil likely to be encountered.
A copy of the geotechnical reports are included in the construciton documents, and include the following:
Preliminary Factual Geotechnical Investigation Report for Madinah Haram Ring Road Infrastructure
by Saudi Labs Ltd dated 1st March 2020 Prepared for Dar Al Handasah (DAR) (ref: M19-6319);
Factual Geotechnical Investigation Report for Madinah Central Infrastructure Project Package 7 Rev
02 by Omar Jazzar Consulting Engineers dated June 2020. Prepared for Dar AL Handasa (ref:M-
19-044); and,
Geotechnical Investigation Report for the Proposed Rua Al Madinah Project by Soil & Foundation
Co. (SAFCO) dated 7th March 2021 Rev 05. Prepared for Rua Al Madinah (ref: MD-SM).

17 JUNE 2021
The Contractor shall be deemed to have satisfied himself as to the character of the Site and all the
various materials, strata, groundwater levels etc., and of all items liable to affect, or be encountered in,
the excavations and earthworks.
The aforementioned reports are provided solely for the guidance of the Contractor and no guarantee is
given by the Engineer regarding its accuracy, nor is it guaranteed that similar conditions apply elsewhere
on the Site.
The Contractor shall undertake any additional ground investigation that he feels is necessary to complete
the scope of works and meet the specification. The requirement for further ground investigation should
be anticipated.
The Contractor shall immediately report to the Engineer any circumstances, which in the Contractor’s
opinion indicates that the ground conditions differ from those expected from his interpretation of the site
investigation report. Measures for overcoming the change in ground conditions shall be proposed by the
Contractor.
GROUNDWATER LEVEL
Refer to the site investigation reports for the measured level of the groundwater. This level is approximate
and reflects the conditions at the time the ground investigation was undertaken. This level is expected
to vary due to construction activities including dewatering of adjacent sites and due to seasonal and tidal
effects.
The Contractor should allow for variations in the groundwater levels when working on any part of the site.
It is the Contractor’s responsibility to notify the Engineer if groundwater levels encountered are
significantly different from levels given in the site investigation report or previously measured.
Dewatering will be required only within the Early Works limit of works. Excavations beyond the Early
Works limit of works shall be undertaken to minimum 1.0m above groundwater and thus no dewatering
is anticipated. Dewatering shall be installed at the site in accordance with the Project Specification
Section 312319.
Prior to the commencement of construction, the Contractor shall install and maintain a system of
standpipes and other devices to monitor groundwater levels which in the opinion of the Engineer, is likely
to be affected by the dewatering.
The Contractor shall observe the groundwater fluctuations on a daily basis and shall form part of the site
diary record.
ORIGINAL LEVELS
Where a drawing showing the existing site levels has not been included in the construction documents
or the site differs from the survey drawings, the tenderer shall make all necessary allowances and this
shall be deemed to form part of his Tender.
Prior to commencement of excavation and/or fill, or in the absence of an up to date and agreed
topographical survey, the Contractor shall carry out a survey of the existing site levels and prepare a
drawing showing the levels on a uniform grid. Once the levels are accepted by the Engineer they shall
be used in the calculation of quantities of excavation, earthworks etc.
SITE FEATURES
Before starting work, verify with the Engineer which existing fences, gates, walls, roads, paved areas and
other site features are to be removed. Materials arising are to be removed from the site unless their
retention is specified. Any cost incurred by this removal and final treatment shall be borne by the
Contractor.
The site shall be cleared of bushes, scrub and undergrowth. Grub up and dispose of large roots.

17 JUNE 2021
Removal operations shall be conducted with the least interference to the public and shall not started until
reviewed by the Engineer.
EXISTING SERVICES
Prior to commencement of work, the Contractor shall locate all existing underground services to ensure
that no damage is caused to these services during excavation and shall inform the Engineer immediately
of any previously unknown or unexpected services.
Services regulations: any work carried out to or which affects new or existing services must be in
accordance with the by-laws or regulations of the relevant statutory authority.
Location for services: Locate and mark the positions of services affected by the work. Arrange with the
appropriate authorities for the location and marking of the positions of the mains services.
The method of services location shall be agreed with the Engineer and shall include as a minimum
contacting all utility providers for accurate locations plans, using cable detection tools to trace services
and also hand excavated pits to confirm the location.
Disconnection of services: Before starting the work, arrange with the appropriate authorities for the
disconnection of services and removal of fittings and equipment.
TREE PROTECTION
Tree protection and relocation shall be covered under the Landscaping scope and reference shall be
made to this.
No trees shall be removed, or relocated (on site and/or off site) without the specific written approval of
the concerned local authority.
Erect and maintain temporary fencing around tree protection zones before starting site clearing. Remove
fence when construction is complete.
When excavation for new construction is required within tree protection zones, hand clear and excavate
to minimize damage to root systems. Use narrow-tine spacing forks, comb soil to expose roots, and
clearly cut roots as close to excavation as possible.
Cover exposed roots with burlap and water regularly.

Temporary support and protect roots from damage until they are permanently redirected and
covered with soil.
Coat cut faces of roots more than 40mm in diameter with emulsified asphalt or other accepted
coating formulated for use on damaged plant tissues.
Backfill with soil as soon as possible.
Repair or replace trees and vegetation indicated to remain that are damaged by construction operations,
in a manner accepted by the Engineer.
Employ an arborist, accepted by the Engineer, to submit details of proposed repairs and to repair
damage to trees and shrubs.
Replace trees that cannot be repaired and restored to full-growth status, as determined by the
Engineer.
EXCAVATED MATERIAL ARISING FROM THE SITE FOR RE-USE
The Contractor shall state his chosen disposal location within the construction documents and allow for
haulage and disposal within his price.
Prior to disposal, the Contactor shall seek review from the Engineer.

17 JUNE 2021
The minimum Performance Specification for excavated material suitable for re-use is as follows with
Table 1:
Table 1 : Requirement for Excavated Material

TEST STANDARD LIMIT
ENGINEERED GENERAL
FILL FILL
Liquid Limit BS 1377: Part 2: Test 4.5 Max 30% Max 40%
Plasticity Index BS 1377: Part 2: Test 5 Max 5% Max 10%
Organic Impurities BS 1377: Part 3: Method 3 Max 2% Max 2%
Particle Size BS 1377: Part 2: Test 9.2 Max 75mm Max 75mm
CBR at 95% MDD BS 1377: Part 4: Test 7 Min 15% Min 15%
Water Soluble Sulphate content BS 1377: Part 3: Method 8 Max 0.5% Max 0.5%
Water Soluble Sulphate content BS 1377: Part 3: Method 8 Max 0.5% Max 0.5%
The Contractor shall ensure that all excavated materials are well graded and comprise fine, medium and
coarse sand and fine, medium and finer fraction of coarse gravel (maximum gravel particle size 75mm)
having maximum fine (i.e. combined silt and clay) content not exceeding 10% by weight and/or an organic
content not exceeding 2%. All the excavated material shall be clean, free draining and well graded. Silt,
clay and organic material shall be evenly distributed throughout the entire fill material.
The excavated material shall be free from:
Organic fragments (e.g. seaweed, mangrove, leaves, rootlets etc) when the “overall” soil has an
organic content less than 2%.
Contaminated soil and/or substances.
Any material other than natural soil e.g. plastics, metals, etc. This includes deleterious, highly
compressible or highly soluble material e.g. rock-salt except from seawater.
The sulphate i.e. gypsum, anhydrite, etc. content of the excavated material, determined on as per
contract requirement with the Employer, expressed in terms of percentage of water soluble SO4, shall
be less than 0.25%.
The description of the soil grading shall be in accordance with British Standards BS 1377:1990 and its
subsequent updates.
The Contractor is responsible for undertaking all necessary works, including the import of suitable
material for the excavated material to comply with the Specification outlined in Clause 2.6, and the
Contractor is to undertake all the testing to the requirements and satisfaction of the Employer.
Should any excavated material arising from the Site not be compliant for depositing at the agreed
location, the Contractor will be responsible for removal to an approved Municipality tip.
The Employer will make no separate measurement or payment for the Contractor ensuring the excavated
material arising from the Site is compliant with the Specification outlined in Clause 2.7. Such work shall
be considered as a subsidiary obligation to the Items in the Bill of Quantities.
BERM DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
In the case a berm is proposed as support to the shoring wall or forming a cut slope, it shall consist of
the in-situ material and not engineered fill.
The berm or cut slope shall be checked for global stability during design using either Slope/W or Plaxis
to have a factor of safety against failure of at least 1.2 for temporary construction under both undrained
and drained conditions.
Berm geometry for shoring walls shall satisfy the deflection criteria of the shoring wall as per Section
314000 for all stages of construction.

17 JUNE 2021
TRAFFIC
Minimise interference with adjoining roads, streets, walks, and other adjacent occupied or used facilities
during site clearing operations.
Do not close or obstruct streets, walks, or other adjacent occupied or used facilities without
permission from the Employer and/or authorities having jurisdiction.
Provide alternate routes around closed or obstructed traffic ways if required by authority having
jurisdiction.
Do not direct vehicle or equipment exhaust towards protection zones.
Prohibit heat sources, flames, ignition sources, and smoking within or near protection zones.
UNFORSEEN EVENTS
General
The Contractor shall be responsible to protect and safeguard construction equipment from damage
or temporary incapacitation caused by predictable climate events such as flooding, whether by
precipitation, diversion of natural water courses, groundwater infiltration, or sandstorms. Any delay
of progress from preventable efforts of natural conditions shall not be deemed a basis for Claim of
Extension of Time (EOT) or additional payments.
The Contractor shall continue the work even in unexpected circumstances unless the Engineer gives
instructions to hold the work. If the Contractor stops the work without any instructions from the
Engineer, or if the Contractor proceeds the work in the proposed method without acceptance of the
Engineer, the Contractor shall undertake at his own risk.
Ground Conditions
Where the Contractor encounters unforeseen ground conditions, he shall notify the Engineer and
confirm that his open cut excavation, shoring system and dewatering design remains applicable.
PROTECTION
Ensure no damage occurs to adjacent buildings, structures and property. A monitoring regime shall be
implemented in accordance with Section 314000 and 310900.
Ensure that adequate measures are in place to minimise the loss of fines during the dewatering.
Consideration shall be given to the incorporation of geotextiles and filter packs to minimize loss of fines.
Reference should be made to the Dewatering Specification Section 312319.
EXCAVATION
WORKMANSHIP
Basic workmanship for excavation shall comply with BS8000-0:2014: Part 1, Sections 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3.
The recommendations in BS6031 should also be referred to.
Excavation shall be carried out in all materials, and by whatever means are necessary, accurately, to the
lines and levels shown on the drawings, or as directed by the Engineer.
Excavation for Cut slopes shall be formed to lines to ensure the minimum slope stability factor of safety
is at least 1.2 for temporary conditions for both undrained and drained soil parameters.
Excavations for Cut slopes shall be undertaken in a controlled manner and equally on both sides to
prevent unfavorable and excessive movements at base of excavation due to potential heave.

17 JUNE 2021
The Early Works Contractor shall handover the excavation works to the Haram Tunnel Contractor
(Contractor appointed for the Haram Tunnel construction). The handover shall include:
Topographical survey (survey requirements to be provided by the Engineer) and as-built drawings
(hard and soft copy) of all excavations. A minimum extent of 100m beyond excavation crest shall be
considered;
All manual and automatic logging equipment’s for all monitoring elements as per Construction
drawings. The instrumentation monitoring results (hard and soft copy) from first monitoring date to
handover date shall be provided;
Permissible deviations from formation levels are as follows:
Beneath mass concrete foundations : +/ 25mm

Beneath ground bearing slabs and RC foundations* : +/ 15mm*
Embankments and cuttings : +/ 50mm
Ground abutting external walls, but such as to ensure that finished level is not less than 150mm
below dpc. : +/ 50mm
*This applies to all formation levels under slabs, beams, pile caps and pits under basement structure.
MAIN PLANT FOR EARTHWORKS
The Contractor is to employ only plant which is suited to the soils to be handled. Unsuitable or faulty
plant shall be removed from the work site and borrow pits at the order of the Engineer.
The Contractor shall supply an adequate number of machines and tools for the proper and timely
execution of the works, and will not be reduced below the numbers shown in the Contract.
FORMATIONS GENERALLY
Slopes and formation surfaces shall be terminated true to lines and the required profiles, and shall be
left well consolidated, neat and smooth. No surface shall be left un-rolled at the end of the working shift.
Any additional excavation occasioned by slips, falls, washing etc. shall be made good at the Contractor's
expenses with Class C25 concrete at Contractor’s expense.
The Contractor shall make advance arrangements with the Engineer for the inspection of formations.
Remove the last 150mm of excavations just before inspection. Trim excavations to the required levels
and profiles and remove all loose material. Unless otherwise instructed seal formations within 4 hours of
inspection with concrete or other specified fill.
Where an excavation encroaches below a line drawn at an angle of 45 degree from the horizontal from
the nearest formation level of another higher excavation, the lower excavation and all works within it and
backfilling thereto must be completed before the higher excavation is made.
Surfaces of excavation with a gradient greater than 1 in 5 which are to receive filling must have horizontal
benches cut to match the depth of compacted layers of filling.
The Contractor shall propose measures to ensure the cut slopes are not impacted by erosion from wind
or rain or surface water. Particular importance is made to the exposed clay soils which may undergo
shrink-swell under changes in moisture content which may impact the stability of the cut slope.
FOUNDATIONS GENERALLY
The Contractor shall obtain instructions if a natural bearing formation of undisturbed subsoil is not
obtained at the depth shown on the drawings, or if the formation contains soft or hard spots or highly
variable material.

17 JUNE 2021
Levelling and ramming to form bottoms to the excavations, excavating out and re-filling of any soft or
defective portions as required and cleaning out of all water, drift sand, rubbish, etc., shall be carried out
before placing concrete.
All rock or other hard foundation material is to be cleaned of all loose material. All seams or crevices are
to be cleaned and grouted. All loose and disintegrated rock and thin strata is to be removed.
When the structure is to rest on material other than rock, a minimum of 250mm shall be undercut below
the foundation level and select granular material shall be placed and compacted to a minimum of 95%
of its MDD. The compacted granular fill shall be placed in lifts nor greater than 150 mm. Final grade
should not be reached until just before the structure is to be placed/constructed and special care is to be
taken not to disturb the excavated surface. Concrete blinding shall be placed to protect the formation
upon which foundations are to be placed.
EXCESS EXCAVATION
Should any excavation be taken deeper or wider than required, the Contractor will be required to make
up the levels and widths with Class C25 concrete, all as directed by the Engineer, at the Contractor's
own expense.
The Contractor is prohibited from making excavations other than those accepted by the Engineer as
necessary for the works.
RECORDED AND UNRECORDED FEATURES
Where old foundations, beds, basements, filling tanks, service pipes, drains, etc. not shown on the
drawings are encountered, obtain instructions before proceeding.
MATERIALS
All excavated material will be property of the Employer and no material shall be removed, transported
and disposed of without prior review of the Engineer.
Common excavation consists of the excavation and satisfactory disposal of all soils, certain strata and
rock boulders less than one cubic meter in volume. Strata which are altered and weathered and are in
place, but which are not firm enough, or in the opinion of the Engineer are not rigid enough to have all
the characteristics of rock excavation is to be classified as common excavation.
All rock excavation consists of the excavation and satisfactory disposal of all unaltered and unweathered
firm and rigid igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary solid rock that in the opinion of the Engineer can
only be excavated by the use of pneumatic hammers or other such similar apparatus.
If blasting required, the Contractor shall attain the necessary approvals from the local authorities.
DISPOSAL OF EXCAVATED MATERIALS
All materials arising from site clearance or excavation which are surplus, suitable or unsuitable for use in
the works will become the property of the Employer and will not be disposed of by the Contractor either
off the site to an approved tip without review from the Engineer.
Remove from site all surplus subsoil excavated material not specified to be spread and levelled or
stockpiled. Refer to Section 2.7 for excavated material requirements to be retained on the site.
Soil which is to be removed off site shall be taken to a tip provided by the Contractor and the rates quoted
in the Contract Documents should include all tip fees, etc. Multiple handling of spoil before removal off
site must be included in the rates for excavations.
Subsoil shall be removed and disposed of at an approved location. Method of disposal is to be approved
by local Municipality. It is the responsibility of the Contractor to seek and obtain this approval.

17 JUNE 2021
REMOVAL OF WATER
The excavations shall at all times be kept free from storm water, percolating water and subsoil water by
approved means. The Contractor shall provide, maintain and clear away on completion, any equipment,
temporary drains etc. used.
Method of disposal of water shall be approved by the local Municipality. It is the responsibility of the
Contractor to seek and obtain this approval.
DEWATERING
Where the base of excavations are below the water table, the Contractor shall lower the water table to
ensure the excavations are kept dry. The method of dewatering shall be in accordance with the
Specification Section 31 23 19 and shall be to the acceptance of the Engineer.
The water table shall be lowered to an appropriate depth below the excavation in order to prevent water
rising into the excavation by 'pumping action' of mechanical plant.
The Contractor is to design the dewatering methods and settling basins so that no critical amounts of
soil, sand or silt are removed during the dewatering operations.
Any material that becomes unsuitable as a result of inadequacy or breakdown of the dewatering system
shall be made good in an approved manner at the Contractor's expense.
All water arising from dewatering shall be disposed of in an approved manner and in such a way that it
does not affect other parts of the work or neighbouring properties. The dewatering discharge point(s)
and routing of associated pipework shall be identified in the submitted construction documents for pricing
purposes.
Throughout the period when dewatering is in progress the Contractor shall maintain on site, 24 hours a
day, a competent operative and sufficient spares to ensure that any breakdowns or problems with the
dewatering system can be immediately attended to.
In residential areas, and when required by the Engineer, the Contractor shall muffle the equipment to the
acceptance of the Engineer to provide minimum noise disturbances and keep noise levels below those
specified by the local authorities.
The water table shall be maintained below 1.0m below the lowest formation level throughout the works.
In the case of uncontrolled flow of water into any excavation, the Engineer reserves the right to order the
Contractor to take immediate action to control the inflow of water. Such actions and remedial works shall
be to the Engineer’s review.
TEMPORARY SUPPORTS TO EXCAVATIONS
The Contractor shall be responsible for the design and provision of all temporary support systems which
may be required to carry out the excavations. The design shall be submitted to the Engineer prior to
commencing excavation. Where shoring is required it shall be in accordance with Specification Section
314000. Approvals of the temporary support shall be obtained prior to commencement of the works.
Where the Engineer instructs, or agrees in writing, that it is necessary for the safety of the works to leave
in certain timbering, planking and strutting, etc. such timber shall be measured and agreed before
covering. All other timbering, planking and strutting etc. must be allowed for in the rates for excavations.
The Contractor is to ensure that the shoring and excavation work results in no damage or loss in structural
capacity of the adjacent structures.
UNSTABLE GROUND
The Contractor shall inform the Engineer without delay if any newly excavated face will not remain
unsupported sufficiently long for the duration of the construction works. The Contractor shall propose

17 JUNE 2021
slope stability protection measures to ensure the stability of the cut slope is maintained to the minimum
factor of safety and prevent any local slip failures from occurring. If the instability is likely to affect adjacent
structures or roadways, the Contractor shall take appropriate action until instructions are obtained.
Where and to the extent that materials, products and workmanship are not fully detailed or specified,
they are to be:
Of a standard appropriate to the works and suitable for the functions stated in or reasonably to be
inferred from the project documents;
In accordance with relevant good building practice; and,
Proposed by the Contractor and accepted by the Engineer prior to incorporation into the works.
FILLING
BACKFILLING SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
The following Particular Specification will outline the performance criteria that the development platform
shall achieve and that the Contractor shall be obligated to construct and verify.
The General Specification shall be in accordance with SBC 303 (2018) Chapter 3 Section 3.6, the
Specification for Highway works, Highways Agency, United Kingdom, 2009, and supplemented with the
Particular Specification as follows.
SUITABILITY OF EXISTING MATERIAL AS BACKFILL
It is understood that the proposed backfill material will comprise material analysed within the intrusive
ground investigation. Any additional material, not covered within this investigation, should be analysed
separately.
The suitability of existing material for use as backfill to non-load bearing elements and load bearing
elements shall be defined based on laboratory results from the intrusive ground investigation.
Compaction tests to determine the maximum dry density and optimum moisture content (4.5kg rammer)
(BS1377: Part 4: 1990, Section 3) will need to be undertaken on this material (or other proposed material)
prior to determination of its appropriateness for use.
Unsuitable fill material shall comprise any material designated by the Engineer and shall include:
Cohesive soils having a liquid limit in excess of 90% or plasticity index in excess of 65%;
Any material containing topsoil, wood, peat or lignite;
Any material containing biodegradables;
Any material containing scrap metal;
Frozen or waterlogged substances;
Deposits of sabkha or similar salt bearing deposits with more than 5% water-soluble salts
(individually, water soluble chloride exceeding 0.5% or water soluble sulphate exceeding 0.5%) as
determined by BS 1377: part 3
Material subject to spontaneous combustion.
Soils containing more than 2% of organic matter.
Soil having more than 30% passing the 0.075 mm sieve.
Material from contaminated sites; and
Material which by virtue of its particle size or shape cannot be properly and effectively compacted.

17 JUNE 2021
The Contractor shall confirm the suitability of the existing fill material for use beneath permanent load
bearing structures and gain review from the Engineer. Grading may be required to render existing fill
material acceptable.
The Contractor shall confirm the suitability of the existing materials by undertaking necessary suitability
control testing to determine natural moisture content, particle size distribution, maximum dry density,
optimum moisture content and specific gravity.
The Contractor shall provide the Engineer with the following for the proposed backfill material:
Natural moisture content (BS 1377: Part 2: 1990, section 3).

Liquid and plastic limits for cohesive soils (BS 1377: Part 2: 1990, Sections 4 & 5).
Compaction tests to determine the maximum dry density and optimum moisture content (4.5kg
rammer) (BS1377: Part 4: 1990, Section 3).
Particle density (specific gravity) to assist in evaluating the compaction test (BS 1377: Part 2: 1990,
Section 8).
The tests will be undertaken prior to excavation and re-use of the material. The location of each sample
will be accurately determined and referenced individually on a plan to ensure test results can be
referenced back to the material being excavated and re-used. The updated sample plan shall be provided
to the Engineer at least once a week or at intervals instructed by the Engineer.
A graph showing the dry density plotted against moisture content for the 4.5kg rammer method
compaction tests; the corresponding optimum moisture contents and maximum dry densities; and 5% air
voids line shall be provided.
The Contractor may choose to confirm the suitability of using the existing site fill by undertaking a full-
scale trial.
FILL MATERIAL – GENERAL
Do not import or use fill materials which would, either in themselves or in combination with other materials,
or groundwater, give rise to a health hazard, damage to building structures or instability in the filling.
Fill material grading limits shall be as stated in Table 2, below:
Table 2 - Fill material grading limits

Fill Type General Bulk Soft Landscape HARD Landscape Engineering
Fill Fill Fill Fill
Sieve size Range of material % passing sieve size
BS Series
(mm)
0.063 0-20 0 to 40 0 to 20 0 to 10
0.150
0.300
0.600 0 to 75
1.18 25 to 100
2.0 40 to 100
3.35
5
6.3
10
14
20

17 JUNE 2021
Fill Type General Bulk Soft Landscape HARD Landscape Engineering

Fill Fill Fill Fill
28
37.5
75 100 100
125 100 100
Soluble sulphate content (SO4) of imported materials for filling under concrete slabs or within 1 metre of
substructures must not exceed 1g/litre when tested to BS 1377: Part 3, clause 5 using a 2:1 water-soil
extract.
Submit test reports from an approved laboratory demonstrating compliance of the proposed material.
The Contractor must ensure that all material used is free from deleterious material and is similar to the
approved sample. When placed in position it shall be capable of withstanding the loads to be placed
upon it without movement and be capable of compaction by ordinary means.
PLACING FILL – GENERAL
Ensure that excavations and areas to be filled are free from loose soil, rubbish; untreated sabkha and
standing water.
The Contractor must take all necessary precautions to ensure stability of adjacent structures. Place and
compact fill against structures, membranes or buried services in a sequence and manner that will ensure
stability and avoid damage. Filling around pipes and cables shall commence with carefully placed fine
material to cover the pipe or cable completely before the normal infilling is placed.
Plant employed for transporting, laying and compacting must be suited to the type of material.
Differing materials shall be laid separately so that only one type of material occurs in each layer.
Where, during the progress of work, the difference in level between adjacent areas of filling exceeds
600mm, cut into the edge of the higher filling to form benches having a minimum width of 600mm and a
height equivalent to the depth of a layer of compacted filling. Spread and compact new fill so as to ensure
maximum continuity with the previous filling.
The surface of filling to receive concrete shall be accurately levelled or graded to falls and finished smooth
to provide a time base for the concrete work following.
All filling to make up level for floors shall be compacted to 95% Mod. AASHTO density. Sand replacement
tests shall be carried out on each layer of fill, as required by the Engineer but in any case not less than
1 tests every layer for each 900m2 of fill
GENERAL LANDSCAPE SUBSOIL FILLING
Materials for general landscape subsoil filling (where this is specified) may be those arising from the
excavations, provided that they are suitable, but excluding the following:
Sabkha;
Material from marshes or bogs;
Peat, logs, stumps, slurry, mud and perishable material;
Material susceptible to spontaneous combustion;
Clay of liquid limit exceeding 80 and/or plasticity index exceeding 55; and,
Material with excessive moisture content.
Place in layers not more than 200mm thick and consolidate each layer with the earthmoving plant. The
requirements for compacted granular filling do not apply.

17 JUNE 2021
COMPACTED GRANULAR FILLING
Well graded granular material, as defined below, may be that arising from the excavations or imported.
If both suitable and unsuitable material is excavated, select and keep separate sufficient suitable
material. If there is insufficient suitable excavated material, provide the Engineer with details and obtain
instructions regarding the importation of material.
Suitable material shall be as follows:
Well graded sands and gravels with a uniformity coefficient of more than 10.
Place and compact in layers using suitable plant as per the guidance within the Specification for Highway
Works.
BACKFILLING TO FOUNDATIONS
Backfill around foundation walls under site concrete and paving shall be in hardcore, as defined below,
placed and compacted in layers not exceeding 150mm thick at optimum moisture content.
Hardcore shall be granular material, free from harmful matter, well graded, passing a 75mm BS sieve
and in any one layer only one of the following:
Crushed hard rock or quarry waste (other than chalk);

Crushed concrete; or,
Gravel or hogging.
Spread and level both backfilling and general filling in layers not exceeding 150mm. Thoroughly compact
each layer with a vibrating roller, vibrating plate compactor, vibro-tamper, power rammer or other suitable
means.
Where hardcore is specified under concrete slabs it shall be not less than 150mm thick. Excavate extra
material as necessary. Increase the thickness of hardcore as necessary to make up the levels from
stripped site levels to underside of slabs.
Under grassed or landscaped areas, material may, subject to the Engineer’s review, be material from the
excavations, laid and compacted in layers not exceeding 300mm thick. Each layer shall be watered to
give a moisture content of +/-2% of the optimum, prior to compaction.
ENGINEERED BACKFILL SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
The method of compaction shall be the End Product method achieving set performance criteria of
minimum 95% maximum dry density and less than 5% air voids.
The angle of internal friction of the material shall not be less than 33 degrees.
The moisture content of the fill shall have a lower limit optimum moisture content of -2% and an upper
limit optimum moisture content of +2%.
The Engineered fill shall satisfy the above requirements and those as set out in Table 6/1 and Table 6/2
of the Specification for Highway Works.
The Contractor shall employ suitable methods to compact the backfill to comply with the Specification
and prevent collapse and settlement.
Flooding as a means of attempting compaction is not permitted.
Jetting as a means of attempting compaction is not permitted.
Compaction is to be achieved by the use of mechanical methods.

17 JUNE 2021
The Contractor is to prepare the existing foundation level in the backfilling zone such that it is appropriate
for the backfilling material to be placed upon it. This is to be undertaken in accordance with The
Specification for Highway Works, Highways Agency United Kingdom, 2009 and will include as a
minimum:
Ensuring the excavation to be free of standing water for the duration of the backfilling works;
Proof roll and undertake necessary in-situ testing to ensure the site is level and free of all soft spots
and appropriately replaced with uniformly compacted material to the appropriate requirements; and,
Ensuring any organic, soft, compressible or deposited fill that may have been placed during recent
site operations is removed and replaced with the compacted engineered fill.
Backfill shall be placed in the bottom of the backfill zone and spread to provide a uniform thickness layer.
The thickness of the layer will depend upon the nature of the backfill, and the compaction equipment to
be used. The Contractor is responsible for assessing the required layer thickness. However, the
thickness of loose material should be no greater than 200mm (uncompacted).
Mechanical compaction shall be carried out on the layer, to achieve the specified level of relative
compaction. Water shall be added during the compaction process, to assist with compaction. The
compaction equipment used and layer thickness adopted shall be such that the required relative
compaction is achievable over the full depth of the layer.
Subsequent layers shall be placed and compacted as described above to backfill the area once the
placed layer is accepted by the Engineer.
Where fill is placed around pile caps and other structures, the fill shall be placed and compacted evenly
around the pile cap or structure to prevent displacement. Care shall be taken to place and compact the
fill around the structures in thin layers, to avoid unbalanced lateral load.
High compactive effort shall not be used against structures to ensure damage to the structure is
prevented. Particular care must be taken adjacent to any service connection branches and retaining
walls.
The Contractor is to ensure that no existing services or structures are damaged due to the compaction
works.
The Contractor is responsible for monitoring and rectifying any subsidence that occurs as a consequence
of the works. The Contractor shall make good any damage caused as a consequence of subsidence
including damage to buildings or protection works. “Damage” is deemed to include tilting or leaning
structures.
Selection of End Product requirement control testing to achieve at least 95% maximum dry density and
less than 5% air voids.
Further backfilling works over a section deemed to be represented by a test shall not be undertaken
unless the testing indicates that the specified minimum levels of compaction have been achieved.
The moisture content of the fill is critical to achieving the specified minimum compaction requirements.
The fill should be conditioned as necessary to facilitate achieving the required relative compaction.
Moisture conditioning of fill shall be carried out as required, providing the Contractor:
Has an approved inspection and test plan in place, which is used to control the process;
Pays for any costs associated with provision of the water;
Takes steps to ensure that water is not wasted; and,
Takes preventative measure to contain water sediment, and in particular, prevent it entering drains
and water courses.
Suitably moisture conditioned backfill material shall be loosely placed in the base of the backfill zone and
spread to form a uniform thickness layer. The Contractor shall establish the optimum loose layer

17 JUNE 2021
thickness to achieve the required compaction. However, the thickness of loose material should be no
greater than 200mm (uncompacted). Adjacent to existing structures the compaction plant shall be
chosen to ensure that compaction pressures and structural damage to existing structures is minimised
and hence the layer thickness shall be reduced in this zone.
The Contractor shall undertake compaction of each layer to achieve the End Product performance criteria
of at least 95% maximum dry density with less than 5% air voids.
In addition to other requirements of the Contract the Engineer may take any samples of any materials
from any location for testing. The results of such testing shall be made available to the Contractor and if
the material tested does not comply with the Specification, then the Contractor shall take the appropriate
action to rectify the works.
In the event that a compacted layer under test is rejected, the Contractor shall re-excavate the material
in that layer, and backfill with new material, re-compact and re-test in accordance with this Specification.
This work shall be at the Contractor’s cost and no additional payment will be made by the Employer.
No fill shall be placed and left uncompacted at the end of the working day.
Verification testing of each layer by undertaking in-situ compaction verification tests. The test shall
comprise either a nuclear density gauge calibrated in the laboratory on a 1m3 box sample or a sand
replacement test in accordance with BS 1377.
The testing shall be carried out by an independent soil testing authority with appropriate accreditation for
undertaking such works in KSA.
Under no circumstances shall the Contractor or his staff or agents direct the laboratory staff where to
take tests, except where the Contractor requires additional tests at its own costs. The results of any
additional tests undertaken at the Contractors’ own expense shall be reported to the Engineer, in addition
to those obtained from the normal testing program.
The Engineer/Employer may direct that additional testing be carried out at specified locations. Costs for
these tests will be borne by:
The Employer where the tests meet the Specification.

The Contractor, where the test fails to meet this Specification.
The Contractor shall undertake the following additional tests:
Plate bearing test shall be carried out at mid height of the fill and the final layer at a frequency of one
test every 3000m2 of material placed, unless otherwise agreed by the Engineer. The size of plate
to be used shall be 600mm by 600mm or as directed by the Engineer. Tests shall be carried out in
accordance with BS 1377 Part 9 Method 4.1. The safe working load shall be 150kPa and the
maximum test load shall be 1.5 times the safe working load. The acceptance criteria is that the
settlement shall be less than 5mm at working load.
Cone penetration tests (CPT) at mid height of the fill and the final layer at a frequency of one test
every 2000m2. The minimum electrical cone tip resistance qc shall be 8MPa.
Testing is to be carried out by independent accredited laboratories and personnel.
Two draft copies of all in-situ tests shall be presented at the end of each working day to the Engineer.
Two copies of all laboratory test results shall be submitted to the Engineer within three working days from
taking the samples. All results are to be submitted as paper copies and in a digital format to meet the
requirements of the Engineer.
Presentation of the results shall be in accordance with BS 1377 with the following additions: type of test
and method adopted; date and time of test; co-ordinates and level/elevation of test position; indication of
weather and site conditions and description of the soil. All test results are to be contained in a log book,
a copy of which is to be retained by the Engineer on completion of the works.

17 JUNE 2021
The fill shall be placed to the levels as specified on drawings that are to be provided by the
Engineer/Employer. The Contractor shall confirm that the correct specified levels have been reached by
undertaking a level survey of the finished platform levels and supplying this data to the Engineer.
The Contractor shall produce method statements prior to the start of the works for the acceptance of the
Engineer. Method statements may be brief but shall describe each stage of construction activity. The
Method Statements must include as a minimum the proposed layer thickness, moisture conditioning
procedure, the type of compaction plant and number of compaction passes to be used as the backfill
procedure for the soil type under test to meet or exceed the minimum requirements of this Specification.
The method statements and proposed works produced by the Contractor must allow for the following:
Ensuring that appropriate compaction is achieved along the edges and slope of the backfill material
Ensuring that the backfill at the lower level (in front of the piles caps) is appropriately keyed into the
upper level (behind the pile caps) to prevent the creation of a line of weakness within the backfilled
material along which slope failure could occur.
Any backfilling works adjacent to slopes should be appropriately benched with steps of equal layer
height and depth.
IMPORTED FILL
The Contractor shall request approval to use alternative backfill materials (if required).
Use of alternative materials and/or construction methods will be subject to:
All costs associated with transport and emplacement; and

Engineer review.
Adoption of alternative backfill materials and/or construction methods shall not constitute a variation, and
no additional payment shall be met.
Imported fill shall be used should the existing fill be identified as unsuitable either from the intrusive
ground investigation or from any trial compaction works. In the event that a compacted layer under test
is rejected, the Contractor shall re-excavate the material in that layer, and backfill with imported fill, re-
compacted and re-test in accordance with this specification. This work shall be at the Contractor’s cost.
The decision to use imported fill shall not be made without prior agreement from the Engineer.
The Contractor shall propose a suitable imported fill material that will satisfy the engineering requirements
for the non-load bearing and load bearing areas as defined on drawings (to be provided by the Employer).
The material shall satisfy the requirements stated in Table 6/2 of The Specification for Highway Works,
Highways Agency United Kingdom, 2009. It shall not contain unacceptable material as defined in Clause
601 of the Highways Specification and summarised within Clause 4.2.C of this Specification.
The sampling and testing of the imported materials to confirm their compaction criteria and acceptability
shall be carried out by the Contractor as follows. Collection of suitable representative samples for
laboratory analysis to determine the particle size distribution, maximum dry density, optimum moisture
content and specific gravity. The laboratory compaction test method shall be the Proctor test using the
4.5kg rammer. The tests shall be undertaken in accordance with the methods described in BS 1377. A
graph showing the dry density plotted against moisture content for the 4.5kg rammer method compaction
tests; the corresponding optimum moisture contents and maximum dry densities; and 5% air voids line
shall be provided.
The Contractor shall furnish the results of the testing outlined in Clause 4.2.F to the Engineer within three
working days of sampling.
If, in the opinion of the Engineer, the imported material has altered its classification or become
unacceptable for whatever reason, the Engineer may require the classification and acceptability tests to
be repeated.

17 JUNE 2021
HARDCORE
Hardcore shall be granular material, free from harmful matter, well graded, passing a 75mm BS sieve.
Spread and level both backfilling and general filling in layers not exceeding 150mm. Thoroughly compact
each layer with a vibrating roller, vibrating plate compactor, vibro-tamper, power rammer or other suitable
means.
Where hardcore is specified under concrete slabs it shall be not less than 150mm thick. Excavate extra
material as necessary. Increase the thickness of hardcore as necessary to make up the levels from
stripped site levels to underside of slabs.
BLINDING
Unless other specified blinding shall be concrete grade OPC 25 and not less than 100mm thick to prevent
deterioration of the formation and to provide a clean working surface for the structure.
When specified, stone blinding shall be clean, crushed fine wadi gravel, 12mm down, from a source
accepted by the Engineer and shall contain a sufficient quantity of small material and dust to ensure
adequate compaction, and provide a close smooth surface.
Permissible deviations on surface level shall be +0, -25mm. additionally, deviation in surface flatness
shall be limited to +/ 5mm measured along a 3m straight edge. No abrupt steps in surface level are
permissible.
END OF SECTION

17 JUNE 2021
1.3 SECTION 31 23 19 – DEWATERING

SECTION 31 23 19 - DEWATERING................................................................................................................. 2
GENERAL..................................................................................................................................... 2
SUMMARY........................................................................................................................................ 2
SUBMITTALS.................................................................................................................................... 2
QUALITY ASSURANCE .................................................................................................................... 3
JOB CONDITIONS ............................................................................................................................ 4
PROTECTION................................................................................................................................... 4
TESTING .......................................................................................................................................... 4
PRODUCTS .................................................................................................................................. 5
DESIGN CRITERIA ........................................................................................................................... 5
EXECUTION ................................................................................................................................. 7
PREPARATION................................................................................................................................. 7
INSTALLATION ................................................................................................................................. 7
ISSUED FOR CONSTRUCTION Section 312319 / Page 1 DEWATERING

17 JUNE 2021
SECTION 31 23 19 - DEWATERING
GENERAL
SUMMARY
General: Read this Section in conjunction with other related Sections, Division 01, General
Requirements, the Design Drawings and the Contract Conditions. If there is a conflict between this
Specification and other Contract documents, the Contractor shall raise a query to the Engineer in writing
asking for clarification.
This Section includes:
Dewatering that shall keep the open cut and partially shored excavations for the structures dry and
shall prevent damage to the structure or ground due to hydrostatic pressure.
All necessary water management measures for the creation of a watertight construction pit. The
dewatering system shall be designed, provided, installed, maintained and later removed in
accordance with local requirements and penetration depth of the foundations. Dewatering shall be
de-activated once the progressing construction levies sufficient downward pressure on the subsoil
as confirmed by the Engineer.
The groundwater shall be lowered at least 1.0m below the deepest excavation level, including but
not limited to earth pits, drainage trenches and lift pits.
Related Work Sections and Documentation
Section 312300 Excavation and Fill;

Section 314100 Shoring;
Section 310900 Geotechnical Instrumentation and Monitoring; and,
Geotechnical Investigation Reports.
Work in this section shall be considered as Specialist Work and as such must be carried out by a
competent Specialist Contractor.
Work of this section shall be considered as Temporary Work.
SUBMITTALS
General: In accordance with the requirements of Section 013300 Submittal Procedures the Contractor
shall submit the following.
Pre-Contract Submittals
Submit to the Engineer a Method Statement consisting of the following submissions:

a. Detailed description and methodology of the dewatering system proposed, including monitoring
systems and remedial measures. Calculations to prove the adequacy of the proposed dewater-
ing system along with detailed drawings and expected maximum discharge to be submitted by
the Contractor.
b. Datasheet and brochure of the dewatering and backup pumps.
c. Diameter and length of the pipelines.
d. Type and voltage of the backup power supply.
e. Required safety devices and alarm systems.
f. Type and scope of redundant systems to be installed.
g. Methodology with detailed information on installation and removal, including pump sumps.

17 JUNE 2021
h. Hydraulic plan with documentation regarding the sufficiency of the designed system for dewater-
ing.
i. Draft of deployment schedule as described below within Post Contract Submittals.
j. The dewatering discharge point(s) and routing of dewatering pipework,
Include history of successful dewatering experiences.
Post Contract Submittals
Permits: Obtain all necessary permits and approvals from local Authorities having jurisdiction prior
to the start of dewatering including disposal. Where applicable, permits/ approval from the concerned
environmental agency shall be obtained by the Contractor. Provide copies of permits to the Engineer.
Deployment schedule for dewatering with all required details, pump sumps, measuring devices,
control manual, and signature of the Contractor.
a. Field test report as proof of compliance of the system with design requirements indicated in this
Section.
b. Daily reports.
c. Survey data.
d. Qualifications of the Site manager.
e. Groundwater monitoring data and approximate duration of the dewatering process.
f. Information regarding specific measures to safeguard adjacent plots and structures.
g. Location and capacity of the receiving water (i.e. stormwater system, water body, ocean).
h. Visualization of the seepage areas with hydrological calculations and evidence.
i. As-built drawings, after completion: Provide visualization of the dewatering system in drawings.
QUALITY ASSURANCE
All dewatering work for the Works shall be performed and monitored by a single specialist dewatering
Subcontractor. The Contractor shall not divide the responsibility for dewatering between several trades.
Dewatering works shall comply with requirements of SBC 2018, MOMRA Guidelines, BS 8004: 1986
Code of Practice for Foundations, BS EN 1997-1:2004 Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design and CIRIA C515
Groundwater Control: Design and Practice.
The following quality assurance measures shall be applied during the works:
Prior to the commencement of construction;

a. Obtaining all local authority water abstraction and discharge permits;
b. Determining the groundwater level;
c. Undertaking a Groundwater pumping test;
d. Undertaking a groundwater flow analysis;
e. Undertaking a groundwater quality analysis;
f. Obtain all necessary permits and approvals from the Authorities having jurisdiction prior to the
start of the works. Provide copies of the permits to the Engineer; and,
g. Design the dewatering system and dewatering monitoring regime.
During Construction
a. Measurements of pumped water volume to be undertaken every day;
b. Monitor pumps to ensure the absence of sand/fines within abstracted groundwater. Considera-
tion shall be given to the incorporation of geotextiles and filter packs to minimise loss of fines;
c. Monitor groundwater levels and change in pore pressures across the site (both within and out-
side the excavation) during entire dewatering works;

17 JUNE 2021
d. Monitor settlement of adjacent buildings and/or utilities within groundwater drawdown area;
e. Ensure that a continuous power supplied is provided comprising two independent power
sources.
The Contractor shall protect the dewatering system during the work. The Contractor shall not be
entitled to Extension of Time for Completion or additional payment based on delay or damages
caused by failure of the dewatering system
JOB CONDITIONS
Refer to Drawings prepared by the Engineer as they affect the work of this Section of the Specifications.
Refer to the Soil Investigation Report and any subsequent revisions.
Data in this document about subsurface conditions are not intended as representations or warranties of
accuracy or continuity between soil borings. It is specifically understood that the Engineer will not be
responsible for interpretations or conclusions made by the Contractor.
Additional test borings and other exploratory operations may be made by the Contractor at no extra cost
to the Contract.
The Contractor shall also undertake additional permeability tests including pumping tests should they
deem it necessary.
PROTECTION
Ensure no damage occurs to adjacent buildings, structures and property. The Contractor shall ensure
that loss or fines, fines migration, suffusion, or piping does not occur and shall take all necessary
precautions to mitigate against these risks.
Monitoring equipment shall be installed on adjacent structures and monitored over the course of the
dewatering works by the Contractor as deemed required by the Engineer, this monitoring extent is
detailed within the Shoring Specification Section 314 000 and Geotechnical Instrumentation and
monitoring Section 310 900. These works shall be at no additional cost to the Employer.
Provide stand-by equipment including pumps and other necessary components to take over dewatering
in the event of primary equipment failure. Provide an alarm system to allow early alert to primary
equipment failure. A competent representative(s) from the Dewatering Contractor shall be onsite 24hrs
a day, 7 days a week to ensure that constant monitoring of the groundwater levels, pumps and associated
dewatering equipment is undertaken.
TESTING
The Contractor shall be responsible for carrying out regular tests for physical and chemical properties of
the water as and required by the Engineer or relevant authorities. Any changes to the disposal method/
area arising out of the test results as interpreted by the Engineer or local authorities shall be carried out
by the Contractor and is deemed to be part of this Contract.

17 JUNE 2021
PRODUCTS
DESIGN CRITERIA
Provide a dewatering system to the acceptance of the Engineer that shall depress the water table within
the area surrounded by the excavation perimeter retention system at least 1.0m below the bottom of the
lowest pit in the basement. The use of a deep well-point system is recommended as a part of the
dewatering system. Additional dewatering systems, including but not limited to trench drains and sumps,
may be also required.
All costs associated with additional dewatering systems required to maintain a dry excavation shall be
borne by the Contractor.
Ensure the dewatering system is in accordance with local Authorities' requirements for water abstraction
and discharge, standby pumps and noise control levels.
The dewatering system shall be sufficiently dimensioned in terms of scope, size and capacity to produce
dry and stable subsoil for construction. Groundwater flowing into the construction pit shall be drained so
that subsequent construction work can proceed on dry, solid subsoil. The impact of dewatering measures
on neighbouring plots and structures shall be reduced to a minimum. Design, construct and operate a
dewatering system that does not cause any settling or damage to neighbouring buildings, roads, streets,
walkways, building installations, utility networks or other structures. The Contractor shall be liable for any
settling, damage, downtime, defects or accidents due to dewatering.
The Groundwater control system shall be designed using existing ground investigation data and
supplemented by sufficient groundwater well pumping tests to determine the permeability.
Groundwater well pumping tests shall be designed and undertaken in accordance with the guidance
within CIRIA C750 Groundwater Control – Design and Practice, BS ISO 14686:2003 (Hydrometric
determinations — Pumping tests for water wells — Considerations and guidelines for design,
performance and use) and BS EN ISO 22282-4:2012 (Geotechnical investigation and testing-
Geohydraulic testing-Pumping tests).
Any water removed by way of the dewatering processes shall be re-routed safely and in compliance with
legal provisions. The construction Site, adjacent public and private properties, streets and supply lines
shall not be flooded or endangered.
Keep water table low enough to prevent hydrostatic pressure from being applied to the structure –
minimum 1.0m below lowest slab level, until such time as directed by the Engineer.
Do not allow water to accumulate in excavations. Keep the bottom of the excavations dry and suitable
for other trades.
Prevent softening of foundation bottoms, loss of fines due to heavily localized pumping, undercutting of
footings and changes to rock and soil detrimental to stability of subgrades and foundations.
Provide and maintain pumps, well points, sumps, suction and discharge lines and other dewatering
system components necessary. Provide stand-by equipment including pumps and other necessary
components to take over dewatering in the event of primary equipment failure. Provide an alarm system
to allow early alert to primary equipment failure.
Install dewatering monitoring points and spare well points at the periphery of the excavation behind the
shoring wall at suitable intervals.
Well points shall be of a type that will prevent infiltration of filter material or soil, and offer little
resistance to the inflow of water, and shall resist corrosion by water and soil.
Dewatering monitoring points shall consist of piezometers and flow measuring devices to monitor
the performance of the dewatering system.

17 JUNE 2021
The location of piezometers shall be selected to produce a complete and reliable picture of the
drawdown produced by the dewatering system.
The number of piezometers shall be based on the size and configuration of the excavation and the
dewatering system, and shall be sufficient to continuously monitor the groundwater level.
The Contractor shall maintain the excavation in a dewatered condition and the water level in the
observation wells at desired levels as a continuous operation, and interruptions due to outages, or
any other reason, shall not be permitted.
Establish and maintain temporary drainage ditches and other diversions outside excavation limits to
convey rain water and water removed from excavations to collection or run-off areas. Do not use trench
excavations as temporary drainage ditches.
The Contractor shall provide the necessary drainage system to connect to the local authority drainage
network following all local authority guidelines at no cost to the Employer.
Dismantling and removal of all system parts and filling of the well holes to the Engineer’s requirements
after the conclusion of the construction works.

17 JUNE 2021
EXECUTION
PREPARATION
Ensure that no damage to adjacent buildings, structures, property of underground utilities shall occur.
INSTALLATION
The dewatering system shall be carried out with the following features:
Reduce lateral loads on the construction pit enclosure, with removal of sandy materials (soil),
prevention of cracks or buoyancy, and removal of pumped water.
Carry out dewatering that shall safeguard:
a. Against soil erosion.
b. Stability of cut slopes.
c. Against flooding of the pit.
It must be ensured that no soil particles are contained in the drained water after 12 hours of pumping.
Surface water shall be prevented from entering the construction pit by way of dams, ditches or similar.
Where groundwater seeps from the joints, all the work shall be interrupted and the gap shall be grouted
immediately.
More extensive seepage, particularly where soil is evident in the seepage, shall be sealed immediately
to prevent a settling of the pit enclosure. For emergency purposes, at least 1,000kg of fast reacting two-
component PU resin (polyurethane foam) shall be stored at the construction Site, and a further delivery
of 3,000kg to the construction Site within 3 hours shall be guaranteed by the supplier. Ensure that an
emergency supply of all required drilling equipment, spare parts, emergency plates, sand bags, etc. is
stored on Site. All of these measures shall be provided at no additional cost to the Contract Price.
Dewatering systems shall be installed such that existing buildings, utilities and the foundation work for
the structure under construction is adversely not affected.
Allowance shall be made for prompt modification of the dewatering system in case of significant soil
disturbances that are likely to affect neighbouring structures.
The dewatering system shall be de-activated and removed only after the Employer is satisfied that the
dead weight of the various structures in the construction pit exceeds the buoyancy force of the
groundwater with a minimum factor of safety of 1.5.
Groundwater shall be restored to its original level in such a way that:
Natural foundation soil strata shall not be modified or disturbed.

Backfill soil shall not be disturbed.
Flotation and movement of buildings, tunnels, pipelines and utility lines shall be prevented.
Leakage Detection
Leaks that are not detectable through observations shall be located using thermal, hydraulic, seismic
or geophysical methods of instrumentation and detection.
For dewatering of groundwater involving wells, drilling for pipe network, along with installation of pipe
network and pumps shall be carried out prior to the excavation of the construction pit. Groundwater shall
be lowered thereafter and before the commencing pit excavation. Install the system clear of the
construction pit, but where the size of the pit warrants installation of wells within, additional measures
such as the installation of tightly sealed steel well pots, must be initiated.

17 JUNE 2021
Care should be taken whilst installing the wells, and in particular with regard to the stability of the
excavation pit reinforcement.
Lower the piezometric water level to at least 1,000mm below the lowest level of the designed foundation.
In order to monitor the groundwater table, the Contractor shall drill boreholes and install groundwater
monitoring equipment and keep track of the fluctuations on a daily basis.
The workflow for the operation of gravity dewatering consists mainly of the following individual steps:
Drilling of the wells, where necessary, including the installation of pipework and the removal of
excavated material.
Installation of the well piping, consisting of sump, filter and pipework.
Filling the manhole ring with filter grit.
Pipe routing.
Installation and connection of centrifugal or submersible pumps as deemed necessary.
Installation of feed, stub and manifold pipes from the pump through settling tanks to the stormwater
network or the seepage areas.
Installation, operation, maintenance and monitoring of the system.
END OF SECTION

17 JUNE 2021
1.4 SECTION 31 32 00 – SOIL STABILISATION (REINFORCED
GROUND)

SECTION 31 32 00 – SOIL STABILISATION (REINFORCED GROUND) .......................................................... 3

GENERAL..................................................................................................................................... 3
SCOPE ............................................................................................................................................. 3
RELATED SPECIFICATIONS ............................................................................................................ 3
SUBMITTALS.................................................................................................................................... 3
CONTRACTOR QUALIFICATIONS.................................................................................................... 4
SITE CONDITIONS ........................................................................................................................... 4
PRECONSTRUCTION SURVEY........................................................................................................ 5
SITE FEATURES .............................................................................................................................. 5
BURIED OBSTRUCTIONS ................................................................................................................ 5
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR REINFORCED GROUND WORKS........................................... 6
GENERAL CONTRACT REQUIREMENTS......................................................................................... 6
PERFORMANCE............................................................................................................................... 6
MATERIALS...................................................................................................................................... 7
WORKMANSHIP ............................................................................................................................... 7
SETTING OUT .................................................................................................................................. 7
GROUND IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMME ........................................................................................ 7
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS ............................................................................................ 7
AS BUILT DOCUMENTATION ........................................................................................................... 8
REINFORCED GROUND BY JET GROUTING............................................................................... 9
GENERAL ......................................................................................................................................... 9
EQUIPMENT ..................................................................................................................................... 9
MATERIALS...................................................................................................................................... 9
DESIGN ............................................................................................................................................ 9
GROUND TREATMENT .................................................................................................................... 9
QUALITY CONTROL ....................................................................................................................... 11
DRILLING AND GROUTING RECORDS .......................................................................................... 11
TESTING ........................................................................................................................................ 12
REINFORCED GROUND BY SOIL MIXING ................................................................................. 14
GENERAL ....................................................................................................................................... 14
EQUIPMENT ................................................................................................................................... 14
MATERIALS.................................................................................................................................... 14
DESIGN .......................................................................................................................................... 14
GROUND TREATMENT .................................................................................................................. 15
QUALITY CONTROL ....................................................................................................................... 16
CONSTRUCTION RECORDS.......................................................................................................... 17
TESTING ........................................................................................................................................ 17
INSITU TESTING OF REINFORCED GROUND ........................................................................... 19
GENERAL ....................................................................................................................................... 19
PARTICULAR SPECIFICATION ...................................................................................................... 19
ISSUED FOR CONSTRUCTION SECTION 313200 / Page 1 SOIL STABILISATION

17 JUNE 2021 (REINFORCED GROUND)
SUPERVISION ................................................................................................................................ 20
PRELIMINARY TESTS .................................................................................................................... 20
PREPARATION OF GROUND SURFACE........................................................................................ 20
SPREAD OF TEST LOAD................................................................................................................ 20

SECTION 31 32 00 – SOIL STABILISATION (REINFORCED GROUND)
GENERAL
SCOPE
Work shall consist of designing, furnishing and installing materials, and constructing a reinforced ground
via jet grouting or soil mixing or other approved Contractor recommendations at the locations noted on
the drawings and as specified herein.
The objective of the reinforced ground is to improve the soil mass by increasing its stiffness and shear
strength to prevent excessive shoring wall movements. Due to the specialized nature of the work, the
reinforced ground works shall be carried out only by a reputed and qualified Specialist Contractor.
The Specialist Contractor shall provide all labour, materials and equipment to accomplish the Work in
connection with the work programme.
It shall be Specialist Contractor’s responsibility to determine and implement the most appropriate and
cost efficient reinforced ground method to ensure the specified improvement criteria is achieved.
The Specialist Contractor shall be responsible for the design of the reinforced ground system that meets
the specified performance criteria. Industry recognised standards or design methods specific to the
installer’s equipment and construction methods shall be used.
The scope of works requires the contractor to review the site conditions, and the ground investigation
data for the site, and propose, design and implement a suitable reinforced ground solution for the affected
poor ground within the shoring wall areas.
The Specialist Contractor is responsible for the design and construction of the Ground Improvement
works, in accordance with this specification and for obtaining local or other authority approvals for these
works under any required NOC process.
RELATED SPECIFICATIONS
The reinforced ground works are to be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the British
Standard BS EN 12716:2001 and BS/DIN EN 14679:2005 for jet grouting and soil mixing respectively
with information, amendments and particular project specific requirements as set out in this Specification.
Where there is conflict, the requirements of this Specification shall take preference over other
requirements.
All materials and workmanship shall be in accordance with the appropriate British Standards current at
the time including those listed in this Specification. Where the requirements of the British Standards are
in conflict with this Specification, the former shall take precedence.
SUBMITTALS
The below Table indicates schedule of relevant items and sequence to be submitted by the Contractor
to the Engineer.

Prior to
During the
Item At Tender commencing
Works
the Works
1. Company Summary of previously
Background and completed projects of similar
Experience scope and purpose
x
2. General Progress Report X

requirements for x
(template)
reinforced ground
work Reinforced ground layout,
x
design and construction x
procedures (preliminary)
Method statement (installation x

and testing) x
(preliminary)
Programme of Works x
x x
(tentative)
Site Records x
Monitoring plan and surveys x x
Sequence of Works x
CV of Key Personnel x x
Quality Plan x
3. Reinforced Ground Shop Drawings, Material data,
x
works Mix design
Equipment Description x x
Independent Testing Laboratory x x
Installation parameter records,
x
grout quantities and daily reports
4. Post Installation Verification testing x
Testing
Notice of start of construction x
Notice of test x
Results x
Recorded data x
CONTRACTOR QUALIFICATIONS
The execution of the reinforced ground works shall be carried out by an experienced and competent
Specialist Contractor, The Specialist Contractor shall have sufficient competent and experienced
personnel (in design, supervision and execution of the works), and proven methods and equipment to
carry out the operations specified.
The Specialist Contractor shall provide evidence of his company and personnel experience as part of his
tender submission.
SITE CONDITIONS
The Contractor is to note that the information shown on the borehole reports provided by the Employer
represents only the ground conditions where the boreholes were taken at the date and time they were
taken. The Contractor is not to assume that ground conditions of a similar nature occur at other locations
on the site or at other times at the location of the boreholes. The Employer at no time has or will warrant
the type of subsoil conditions that exist or may be encountered by the Contractor. The Contractor must
visit the site prior to the submission of its tender to ascertain for himself the condition of the subsoil as it
currently exists.

The Contractor shall ensure that he has relevant copies of the ground investigation reports and shall
satisfy himself as to the adequacy of the information contained within them and their coverage over the
site. Should the contractor consider that there is insufficient information available he shall undertake
additional ground investigation works at his own cost.
The Contractor shall make their own assessment of the ground conditions present across the site, based
on the information contained in the geotechnical reports provided. No responsibility can be accepted by
the Client for any inaccuracies or inconsistencies between the ground descriptions and test results
contained in the various reports.
Contractor.
Based on the information available, the thickness of the soft to firm clay soil below the tunnel formation
levels requiring reinforcement varies for both settlement reduction at tunnel base and shoring wall plug
to reduce wall deflections. A minimum thickness of 10m of reinforced ground is anticipated and shall be
considered as indicative only and to be verified by the Specialist Contractor design. The lateral extent of
the reinforced ground shall extend a minimum one row beyond tunnel edge and shall be verified by the
Specialist Contractor. The execution of the reinforced ground works shall be carried out from a suitable
elevation before reaching the final excavated level to ensure shoring wall movements are within the
acceptable limits and no impact on surrounding structures or utilities.
PRECONSTRUCTION SURVEY
Refer to Section 312300 for pre-construction survey requirements related to existing ground levels and
excavation, and quantities.
SITE FEATURES
Refer to Section 312300 for commentary on site features and required actions.
EXISTING SERVICES
Refer to Section 312300 for commentary on existing services and required actions.
BURIED OBSTRUCTIONS
The Contractor shall break out known near surface obstructions and fill resulting voids with suitable
granular fill prior to commencement of ground reinforced works by the Contractor.
Where an unforeseen obstruction is encountered below ground level, the Engineer shall be informed
immediately. The Engineer will then decide with the Contractor whether or not the obstruction is to be
removed.
Where it is decided to remove the obstruction, the Engineer shall instruct the Contractor to excavate the
obstruction and backfill the void in accordance with approved granular material.

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR REINFORCED GROUND WORKS
GENERAL CONTRACT REQUIREMENTS
Safety precautions shall comply with all current local authority legislation and with BS 8004 and BS 8008.
The Engineer accepts no responsibility for any opinions or conclusions given in any factual or
interpretative ground investigation reports. The Contractor shall report immediately to the Engineer any
circumstances, which indicates that in the Contractor’s opinion the ground conditions differ from those
reported or which could have been inferred from the ground investigation reports.
The Contractor shall submit a provisional programme for the execution of the works at the time of tender
and a detailed programme and his interpretation of the ground conditions across the site prior to
commencement of the works. He shall inform the Engineer each day of the intended programme of the
works for the following day and shall give 24 hours’ notice of his intention to work outside normal hours
or at weekends where this is permitted. Note that working hours will be governed by a planning condition,
the conditions of which will be stated by the Client.
PERFORMANCE
The design, execution and performance of the reinforced ground shall be the responsibility of the
Contractor, who shall nonetheless, satisfy the Engineer that all treated ground has attained the required
degree of improvement.
The reinforced ground shall provide a development platform at the appropriate ground level for the
execution of the works.
The reinforced ground shall be carried out in areas specified on the contract drawings. The depth of
treatment shall be to a depth required to meet the shoring wall movement limitations and ensure the
tunnel structure formation is not impacted to achieve the required bearing capacity and settlement limits.
The depth of treatment shall consider full treatment within the soft to stiff clay layers and consider
minimum 1m embedment into hard strata or as shown on the Construction drawings. The performance
criteria are as follows:
Maximum lateral movement of 50mm for the shoring wall;

Gross bearing capacity of ranging from 40kPa to 450kPa for the tunnel (excluding overburden
pressure); and,
Maximum long-term settlement of 80mm for the tunnel and differential settlement of 1/666.
Preliminary testing shall be undertaken to determine the mixing parameters and cement content required
for either jet grouting or soil mixing methods to confirm the design parameters. A site trial shall be carried
out by the Contractor to assess the proposed method, execution of works and ability to meet the
performance criteria. The site trial may form part of the permanent works should it be proven that the
performance meets the performance criteria.
On completion of the reinforced ground, the Contractor shall undertake testing on the reinforced ground
as outlined in Part 3 and 4 of this Specification.
The reinforced ground shall provide a transfer platform above the reinforced ground and beneath the
proposed structures in order to provide a uniform base and to transfer the loads evenly. The transfer
platform shall extend a minimum of one column spacing beyond the outermost column and shall be a
minimum of thickness of 300mm. The transfer platform shall be engineered fill. The use of excess spoil
from the cement columns may be considered for the full platform thickness or partial uniform thickness
(along structure length) if it could demonstrate that it can be placed and compacted as soon as practicable
before hardening. This method shall be evaluated in the trial stage.
At the commencement of the Contract, the Contractor shall provide a detailed method statement. This
shall include a programme giving full details of both type and quantity of all he proposes to use, the order

of carrying out the work, and where not already specified by the Engineer the detailed and dimensional
layout of the reinforced ground, type and frequency of the proposed control testing, and the anticipated
ground settlement and heave after treatment.
MATERIALS
The sources of supply of materials shall be approved by the Engineer and shall not be changed without
prior approval of the Engineer in writing. Refer to Parts 3 and 4 for further discussion on materials.
Any unsuitable materials which do not meet the requirements of this Specification as identified by the
Engineer shall be removed promptly from the Site and disposed of accordingly.
The disposal of unsuitable materials and subsequent costs shall be the responsibility of the Contractor.
WORKMANSHIP
The Contractor shall satisfy the Engineer regarding the suitability, efficiency and adequacy of the
equipment employed. The Contractor shall state the type and number of rigs he intends to use.
On completion of each area of reinforced ground, the Contractor shall grade debris and surplus material
arising from the ground treatment to leave a reasonably firm and level working surface.
It is a requirement of the Contract that the Specialist Ground Improvement Contractor provides a working
platform for their own use whichever method is employed. The working platform shall be constructed out
of suitable granular material, reinforced as necessary such that a firm, level and dry platform is created
for the operation of his plant. The thickness of the granular mat shall be sufficient such that concentrated
loads generated under the tracks, stabilisers or outriggers are sufficiently distributed such that the stability
of the ground improvement equipment is not compromised, in accordance with the “Working Platforms
for Tracked Plant: Good practice guide to the design, installation, maintenance and repair of ground-
supported working platforms, BRE (2004)”.
On completion of the ground improvement to the satisfaction of the Engineer, the Contractor shall remove
from site all plant and unwanted material.
SETTING OUT
Setting out shall be carried out by the Contractor from the drawings provided and maintained by the
Contractor. Immediately before treatment, each treatment position/area shall be marked by the
Contractor with suitable identifiable pins or markers.
The Contractor shall provide and maintain bench marks throughout the duration of the Works.
GROUND IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMME
The Contractor shall inform the Engineer at regular mutually agreed intervals of the forward programme
of ground improvement.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
Dust Control: To avoid the potential generation of dust, any exposed areas that remain open shall be
dampened down with water spray during dry and windy conditions. Should dust become an issue, the
Contractor shall provide a water tanker or other agreed measures to control the issue.
Construction Vibration
The Contractor shall ensure that vibrations generated from construction activities in close proximity
to third party buildings or structures are less than the maximum limits recommended in the MOMRA
General Specifications of Urban Roads Construction. This is summarized in the below table. For
sensitive structures, the indicated limits shall be reduced as agreed with the Client and Engineer.
The maximum particle velocity for ground vibrations for underground public utility and non-residential

structures shall not exceed 50mm/s.

Where vibration monitoring is required by the Engineer, the Contractor shall undertake monitoring
when construction operations are most likely to result in maximum vibration at the site boundaries,
or when construction plan or methodology changes that is likely to result in an exceedance of the
vibration limits. All monitoring works shall be undertaken by the Contractor at no additional cost to
the Client.
Type of Structure Maximum Particle Peak velocity (mm/s)
Frequency less than 40 Hz Frequency 40Hz or greater
New buildings 19 50
Reinforced concrete or steel buildings 50 100
Wells and water strata layers 25 50
Old buildings 13 50
a.
AS BUILT DOCUMENTATION
Within ten working days of the Engineer’s acceptance of completion of the works, the Contractor shall
supply to the Engineer, the as-built documentation. The Contractor shall provide two sets of hard copies
and an electronic copy of all as-built documentation.
The as-built drawings shall record any changes to the design including:
Depth of excavations/undercut;
Subgrade improvement;
Depth, spacing, or extent/diameter of reinforced ground;
Material types;
Depth of superficial material;
Surface ground levels taken on a minimum 2m x 2m grid as well as any other additional points where
there is a sharp change in levels so as to accurately record the final ground surface profile;
Location and levels of any services or infrastructure removed or replaced.
The Contractor shall supply the following QA/QC information:
Material testing results/certificates;

Material quantity records, including records of quantities/percentage of additives added;
Laboratory suitability tests and field verification test results;

REINFORCED GROUND BY JET GROUTING
GENERAL
The following clauses shall be read in conjunction with the general requirements for reinforced ground
works presented in PART 2 of this Specification.
EQUIPMENT
The jet grouting system shall be either double or triple systems.
The jet grouting equipment shall be specialized equipment and sufficiently powerful to ensure a properly
formed soil-cement column for the treatment area/s.
All equipment used for drilling boreholes; lowering, raising and rotating jet monitors; mixing grout;
supplying pressurized grout and air-water to jet monitors; and jet monitors used to perform the works
shall have proven performance records.
The jet grouting system shall be able to operate at different rotation and withdrawal rates within the
required range in order to complete the work and produce the required jet grout columns.
Real time measuring and recording devices shall be provided throughout the drilling and jet grouting
operation to monitor the time, depth, pressures, flow rates, rotation speed etc.
Spare parts and equipment shall be available on site to maintain jet grouting equipment in satisfactory
operation condition at all times during execution of the jet grouting work.
MATERIALS
The cement grout shall be of Portland cement Type I or II as per ASTM C150. Water/cement ratio should
range between 0.5 and 1.5. Trial mixes shall be tested prior to commencement of work.
Bentonite or additives or fly ash shall only be considered following Engineer approval.
Potable water or approved other source shall be free of deleterious materials that may affect the grout
setting, hardening, or durability.
DESIGN
The design of the jet grouting works is the responsibility of the Specialist Contractor and shall be to the
required purpose and performance criteria.
The specified physical properties and geometry of jet grouted columns shall be clearly defined and
appropriate for the required purpose.
Spacing and diameter of soil mixing columns shall be proposed by the Specialist Contractor.
The technical conditions which may influence the working sequence of the elements shall be specified.
Design parameters should consider of construction difficulties which may reduce the effectiveness of the
jet grouting.
The design should define the acceptable limits of settlement, heave, distortion of structures and services
likely to be affected by the jet grouted works.
GROUND TREATMENT
The Contractor shall decide on the most suitable installation technique to ensure the reinforced ground
meets the performance criteria outlined in this Specification and the Contract drawings. The Contractor
shall undertake a site trial to determine the most suitable jet grouting configuration for the site.

The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the selected working columns shall be a minimum of
1.0MPa. A minimum of 80% of UCS test results from each tested element/column (wet/dry mix and core
samples) shall exceed the specified strength. of A minimum stiffness of 150MPa shall be required to
meet the tunnel settlement tolerance. The shall be confirmed through laboratory tests on samples
collected from backflow on site and core samples from constructed columns.
A detailed method statement shall be submitted and approved by the Engineer before starting the jet
grouting works and shall include the following information as a minimum:
Identification, objective and scope of jet grouting works;

Soil description;
Shape/execution method of jet grouted elements;
Jet grouting system;
Design of the jet grouting treatment;
Working procedures (drilling, jetting, sequence of execution);
Jet grouting parameters;
Materials (for drilling and jetting);
Precautions to be taken to avoid unacceptable settlement or heave, especially in silty and clayey
soils;
Site installation and working areas;
Plant and equipment;
Spoil management;
Quality control procedures as required by the Contract;
Measures taken to ensure the boring accuracy;
Procedures regarding possible obstructions/interruptions during the jetting operations;
The measures taken to ensure that the finished level of grouting is maintained during the initial set
of the jet grouted material;
Possible modifications of the jet grouting parameters during the works;
Verification testing methods;
Working documents (drawings, reports etc.); and,
Safety and environmental risk assessment.
The drilling works shall consider the following:
Drilling rig shall be capable of drilling down to the required depth;

Drilling can be performed with air or water or muds as flushing media and if required a casing shall
be used;
The drilled borehole diameter is expected to range from 100mm to 150mm.
The deviation of the drilling starting point from the theoretical position shall be less than 50mm;
The deviation of drilling theoretical axis should be 2% or less for depths up to 20m; and,
The annular space between the drilled hole and the jet grouting string should be sufficient to permit
a free flow of the spoil return to the borehole collar.
The jet grouting works shall consider the following:
Jet grouting should be executed with sufficient thickness between the upper nozzle and the ground
surface, to avoid possible local hydrofracturing;

When jet grouting a point is interrupted for any reason, the re-start shall be undertaken using
procedures that are intended to ensure the continuity of the point. Re-drilling and re-grouting may
be required if Contractor proposal is not to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
Where columns are reported to exceed the allowable tolerances, additional columns may be required by
the Engineer and shall be at no additional cost.
During jet grouting, a visual observation and daily log (with photos) of the flow and features of the spoil
return at hole collar shall be maintained. If during the jet grouting unexpected behaviour of the spoil return
is observed, the jet grouting parameters and/or method should be reviewed.
QUALITY CONTROL
The following quality control measures shall be implemented for each grout hole:
Evaluation of the continuously drilling and grouting records from computer output (daily);
Density tests (daily);
Grout cube tests (weekly); and,
Ground and shoring wall deformation monitoring within vicinity of reinforced ground works (daily –
refer to Section 314100 for monitoring requirements).
Any jet grout hole lost or damaged as a result of mechanical failure of equipment, inadequacy of grout,
air or water supplies, or improper drilling or injection procedures shall be backfilled with cement grout
and replaced by another hole, drilled and injected by the Specialist Contractor at no additional cost.
Equipment for mixing, holding, and pumping grout shall be in a secure location and shall be operated to
minimize spillage of material. No material will be allowed to enter storm drains or other drainage courses.
DRILLING AND GROUTING RECORDS
The Contractor shall keep daily records of the reinforced ground carried out and shall submit signed
copies of these records to the Engineer on a daily basis within one working day. Typical daily report shall
be as per example presented in BS EN 12716:2001 and shall show as a minimum:
Date and time

Grout hole reference ID
Drilling diameter
Water-cement ratio
Depth of penetration at specified hole (top and toe levels)
Pressures during grouting (water, air and grout)
Flow rates (water, air and grout)
Rotation speed
Withdrawal rate
Time for drilling, jet grouting and overcoming obstructions/interruptions
Obstructions, delays or unusual ground
Features of spoil return i.e. colour, quantity and density
Number and types of tests carried out
Presence of ground deformation monitored
Weather conditions

TESTING
A preliminary field trial section shall be constructed to verify the jet grouting system (double or triple) and
design grouting parameters.
All testing shall be undertaken by an approved independent testing agency licensed to operate in
Madinah, KSA.
The preliminary field trial shall consider the following:
Trial section locations will be agreed with the Engineer within the treatment area. A trial section shall
be carried out for each area of reinforced ground works.
A trial section shall comprise a minimum ground improved area sufficient to cover the full area of
zone load test area of 3m x 3m plus additional row of columns beyond the plate footprint..
The quality of jet grout columns shall conform to the design requirements and to be verified using
the appropriate testing methods.
For the trial sections, the columns shall be constructed such that the top of grout columns shall be a
minimum 1m above the tunnel formation levels. This will allow visual assessment of geometric and
mechanical characteristics of the jet grout columns when excavating to final tunnel formation level.
Tests shall be performed prior to and after jet grouting. Testing shall include field testing via CPT’s
or probing (minimum three per ground improved area) and a zone load test pre and post reinforced
ground works as further outlined in Part 5 of this Specification (minimum one test per ground
improved area to 200% design load). Laboratory testing post grouting shall consist of cube/cylinder
samples from spoil return and core samples (for UCS and shear strength tests) from constructed
columns.
Three cube and three cylinder samples shall be collected from spoil return during jetting at different
levels of each column for subsequent laboratory tests. The laboratory tests from spoil returns and
core samples shall include:
a. Density (one per each group of samples from same level)
b. Bleed (3 hours on 1,000cm3, 60mm diameter, cylinder)
c. Marsh viscosity (one per each group of samples from same level)
d. Setting time (one per each group of samples from same level)
e. Grout strength at 3, 7, 14 and 28 days
f. UCS and Elastic modulus on cylindrical samples (H/D of 2) at 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. Samples
from coring shall be tested at 28 days.
g. Shear strength via triaxial testing on cylindrical samples (from core) at design strength
Coring shall be undertaken via triple tube coring only with minimum diameter of 63mm and each
core run shall be at least 1m in length. A minimum two columns shall be cored during the field trial.
All core holes should be filled with cement equal to or greater than the required design strength.
If the preliminary trial tests indicate the performance criteria has not been achieved, the Specialist
Contractor shall revise his design/work plan procedures and re-test.
Working columns shall be tested and consider the following (frequency and limits to be determined by
the Engineer following approved Contractor design option):
Testing procedures for the working columns shall be undertaken in the same method as those for
the preliminary trial on a daily basis.
The tests shall be as those outlined in Section 3.6 of this Specification and shall also include:
a. Density at minimum twice per shift
b. Marsh viscosity (daily)
c. Bleeding (daily)

Minimum of 3% of constructed columns shall be cored to full-depth at each treatment area with a
minimum five cored columns. All core holes should be filled with cement equal to or greater than the
required design strength.

REINFORCED GROUND BY SOIL MIXING
GENERAL
The following clauses shall be read in conjunction with the general requirements for ground treatment
works presented in PART 2 of this Specification.
EQUIPMENT
The Contractor shall furnish the necessary plant and equipment for construction of the reinforced ground
via dry or wet mixing techniques as shown on the Contract documents. The dry or wet soil mixing
equipment shall be of the type and capacity to complete the work in an efficient and safe manner to the
required performance criteria. The equipment shall be maintained in operable condition at all times.
The soil mixing machine may consist of any purpose designed excavator-mounted or crane-mounted
equipment. The soil mixing machine shall have necessary capability to deliver grout to the mixing device
which in turn is capable of delivering the grout into the soil matrix.
The mixing device may be configured with mixing paddles, teeth etc. as necessary to be capable of
bleeding the soil and grout into a homogenous mixture.
The grout mixing plant, if required, shall include the necessary equipment including a mixer capable of
producing a colloidal suspension of cement and additives in water, pumps, valves, hoses, supply lines
and all other equipment as required to adequately supply grout to the soil mixing machine and mixing
device. The plant shall be equipped to accept dry or liquid additives
Storage tanks shall be provided as needed to store and to allow for an adequate supply of batches or
continuously mixed grout the soil mixing machine. Grout shall be agitated until fully mixed and
recirculated in the storage tanks to maintain a homogenous mix and prevent setting of the grout. Grout
meters or calibrated tanks shall be provided to measure injection volumes.
The soil mixing system shall be able to operate at different rotation and withdrawal rates within the
required range in order to complete the work and produce the required soil mix columns.
Real time measuring and recording devices shall be provided throughout the soil mixing operation to
monitor the time, depth, pressures, penetration and retrieval rates, rotation speed, quantities of
binder/slurry etc.
Spare parts and equipment shall be available on site to maintain soil mixing equipment in satisfactory
operation condition at all times during execution of the soil mixing work.
MATERIALS
The cement grout shall be of Portland cement Type I or II as per ASTM C150. The cement shall be
adequately protected from moisture and contamination in storage on the jobsite. The grout shall be
pumpable and workable with soil mixing injection equipment.
Admixtures or fillers shall only be considered following Engineer approval.
Potable water or approved other source shall be free of deleterious materials that may affect the grout
setting, hardening, or durability.
DESIGN
The design of the soil mixing works is the responsibility of the Specialist Contractor and shall be to the
required purpose and performance criteria.
The specified physical properties and geometry of soil mix columns shall be clearly defined and
appropriate for the required purpose.

Spacing and diameter of soil mixing columns shall be proposed by the Specialist Contractor.
The technical conditions which may influence the working sequence of the elements shall be specified.
The site and ground conditions and the nature and properties of the soil to be treated shall be considered
in the selection of binder.
Design parameters should consider construction difficulties which may reduce the effectiveness of the
soil mixing.
The design should define the acceptable limits of settlement, heave, distortion of structures and services
likely to be affected by the soil mixing works.
GROUND TREATMENT
The Contractor shall decide on the most suitable installation technique to ensure the reinforced ground
meets the performance criteria outlined in this Specification and the Contract drawings. The Contractor
shall undertake a site trial to determine the most suitable soil mixing configuration for the site.
The average unconfined compressive strength of the selected working columns shall be a minimum of
1.0MPa. A minimum stiffness of 150MPa shall be required to meet the tunnel settlement tolerance. The
strength shall be confirmed through laboratory tests on samples collected from backflow on site and core
samples from constructed columns.
A detailed method statement shall be submitted and approved by the Engineer before starting the soil
mixing works and shall include the following information as a minimum:
Identification, objective and scope of soil mixing works;

Soil description;
Shape/execution method of soil mixing;
Soil mixing method;
Mixing tool: shape/dimensions/configuration of rotating unit(s), position(s) of outlet(s), shape and
length of mixing shaft;
Working procedures (penetration and retrieval, mixing and sequence of execution);
Installation accuracy;
Mixing parameters: binder type and composition, binder content/binder factor, volume ratio, water
binder ratio, admixture, filler;
Precautions to be taken to avoid unacceptable settlement or heave, especially in silty and clayey
soils;
Site installation and working areas;
Plant and equipment;
Spoil management;
Quality control procedures as required by the Contract;
Procedures regarding possible obstructions/interruptions during the soil mixing operations;
The measures taken to ensure that the finished level of grouting is maintained during the initial set
of the jet grouted material;
Possible modifications of the soil mixing parameters during the works;
Verification testing methods;
Working documents (drawings, reports etc.); and,
Safety and environmental risk assessment.

The binders shall be protected from ingress of moisture or air that could otherwise detrimentally affect
their use and/or performance.
The Specialist Contractor shall furnish a mix design containing soil-binder to be a stable, uniform mixture
of binder grout and the in-situ soils. Conformance with the soil-binder uniformity criteria shall be
determined by evaluating the core samples immediately after field mixing operation.
The minimum specified binder content shall not be reduced regardless of the UCS strength that is
achieved.
The installation tolerances shall be as follows:
Vertical plumbness of column shall be no more than 2%;

Vertical length of column shall be as per design length;
The deviation of the soil mix column from the theoretical position shall be less than 50mm;
Where columns are reported to exceed the allowable tolerances, additional columns may be required by
the Engineer and shall be at no additional cost.
Binder injection shall be through the bottom of the soil mixing equipment. Grout injection shall continue
for full depth of column and whilst removing the mixing equipment from the bottom of column to top.
During the course of soil-binder mixing, the Contractor shall consider measures to ensure no water,
debris, or spoil material enters the soil mix column.
The mixing speed shall be monitored and adjusted to accommodate a constant rate of mixing and shaft
penetration based on the degree of drilling difficulty.
The penetration rate shall be monitored and adequate to ensure proper mixing and achieve the
production rates.
The injection rate shall be monitored and adjusted to the requirements of the mix design.
QUALITY CONTROL
Prior to construction, a mix design program shall be conducted to determine the design mix ingredients,
sequence of mixing, grout properties and soil mix properties. The Contractor shall take into consideration
that laboratory testing might overestimate the achievable field results when defining the required binder
content.
The mix design program shall consist of laboratory mixed samples. The Contractor shall submit a detailed
method statement outlining the soil sampling procedures, soil mix procedures, laboratory test
procedures, and storage of test samples.
The following quality control measures shall be implemented for each soil mix column:
Evaluation of the installation and grouting records from computer output (daily);
Density tests (daily);
Grout cube tests (weekly); and,
Ground and shoring wall deformation monitoring within vicinity of reinforced ground works (daily –
refer to Section 314100 for monitoring requirements).
Any soil mix column lost or damaged as a result of mechanical failure of equipment, inadequacy of grout,
air or water supplies, or improper construction procedures shall be backfilled with cement grout and
replaced by another hole, by the Specialist Contractor at no additional cost.
Equipment for mixing, holding, and pumping grout shall be in a secure location and shall be operated to
minimize spillage of material. No material will be allowed to enter storm drains or other drainage courses.

CONSTRUCTION RECORDS
The Contractor shall keep daily records of the reinforced ground carried out and shall submit signed
copies of these records to the Engineer on a daily basis within one working day and shall show as a
minimum:
Date and time

Column reference ID
Shape of mixing shaft and tool
Water-binder ratio for wet mixing
Depth of penetration at specified hole (top and toe levels)
Penetration and retrieval rate
Binder type and composition
Quantity of binder/slurry
Construction tolerances
Grout injection rate
Rotation speed
Time for installation and overcoming obstructions/interruptions
Obstructions, delays or unusual ground
Features of spoil return i.e. colour, quantity and density
Number and types of tests carried out
Presence of ground deformation monitored
Weather conditions
TESTING
A sampling tool shall be provided by the contractor for obtaining samples of wet soil mix columns at
various depths prior to initial set of the treated soil, i.e. wet grab samples.
A preliminary field trial section shall be constructed to verify the soil mix design and parameters.
All testing shall be undertaken by an approved independent testing agency licensed to operate in
Madinah, KSA.
The preliminary field trial shall consider the following:
Trial section locations will be agreed with the Engineer within the treatment area. A trial section shall
be carried out for each area of reinforced ground works.
A trial section shall comprise a minimum of three soil mix columns.
The quality of soil mix columns shall conform to the design requirements and to be verified using the
appropriate testing methods.
For the trial sections, the columns shall be constructed such that the top of soil mix columns shall
be a minimum 1m above the tunnel formation levels. This will allow visual assessment of geometric
and mechanical characteristics of the soil mix columns when excavating to final tunnel formation
level.
Tests shall be performed prior to and after soil mixing. Testing shall include field testing via CPT’s
or probing (minimum three per ground improved area) and a zone load test pre and post reinforced
ground works as further outlined in Part 5 of this Specification (minimum one test per ground
improved area to 200% design load) . Laboratory testing post grouting shall consist of cube/cylinder

samples from spoil return and core samples (for UCS and shear strength tests) from constructed
columns.
Three cube and three cylinder samples shall be collected from the mixing or holding tank containing
fresh grout. The laboratory tests for tank, wet-grab, and core samples shall include (frequency and
limits to be determined by the Engineer following approved Contractor design option):
a. Density
b. Bleed
c. Marsh viscosity
d. Setting time
e. Grout strength at 3, 7, 14 and 28 days
f. UCS on cylindrical samples (H/D of 2) at 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. Samples from coring shall be
tested at 28 days.
g.
h. Shear strength via triaxial testing on cylindrical samples (from core) at design strength
Coring shall be undertaken via triple tube coring only with minimum diameter of 63mm and each
core run shall be at least 1m in length. A minimum two columns shall be cored during the field trial.
All core holes should be filled with cement equal to or greater than the required design strength.
If the preliminary trial tests indicate the performance criteria has not been achieved, the Specialist
Contractor shall revise his design/work plan procedures and re-test.
Working columns shall be tested and consider the following (frequency and limits to be determined by
the Engineer following approved Contractor design option):
Testing procedures for the working columns shall be undertaken in the same method as those for
the preliminary trial on a daily basis.
The tests shall be as those outlined in Section 3.6 of this Specification and shall also include:
a. Density at minimum twice per shift
b. Marsh viscosity (daily)
c. Bleeding (daily)
Minimum of 3% of constructed columns shall be cored to full-depth at each treatment area with a
minimum five cored columns. All core holes should be filled with cement equal to or greater than the
required design strength.

INSITU TESTING OF REINFORCED GROUND
GENERAL
The standards for acceptance of the works as represented by various tests shall be deemed to have
been attained if the results conform with the criteria in the Particular Specification and/or as determined
following completion of preliminary treatment.
PARTICULAR SPECIFICATION
Cone Penetration Tests (CPT’s) and Zone Load Tests (ZLT’s) are required to confirm compliance of the
treated ground in accordance with this Specification.
The Contractor shall propose suitable working areas and test programmes for submission to the Engineer
for approval.
Cone Penetration Tests

a. CPTs shall be carried out on agreed locations prior-to and post-treatment of the ground. CPTs
shall be undertaken in accordance with ASTM D 5778 or BS 1377:Part 9.
b. Beneath structural elements pre- and post- ground treatment in-situ cone penetration tests shall
be carried out at a minimum frequency of one test per 1,000m2 maximum of improved ground.
The CPT test shall penetrate the full thickness of the reinforced ground.
c. Compliance of the treated ground shall be in accordance with the Contractor design.
d. Within 24 hours of the completion of the tests, unless otherwise directed, a summary of the
results in writing shall be submitted to the Engineer. For CPTs these shall include cone
resistance, friction ratio, inclination and estimated soil type profiles prepared by the specialist
testing contractor. Digital data shall also be supplied to the Engineer for approval. Within three
days of the completion of the tests, the completed schedule of recorded data shall be submitted
to the Engineer.
Zone Load Tests
a. The frequency of testing shall be minimum one test per 500m2 ground improved area per post
ground improvement.
b. The Contractor shall follow the requirements described within the ICE Specification for Ground
Treatment (1987) for the zone load testing.
c. A steel plate or reinforced concrete slab shall be of sufficient thickness to spread the
concentrated load supplied to its upper surface evenly over its base.
d. The test shall be undertaken on a 3m x 3m area, unless otherwise agreed by the Engineer, and
tested to confirm that the allowable bearing capacity have been achieved and within the
tolerable settlements.
e. The test load shall be applied in increments not exceeding 25% working load in two stages:
1). To working load;
2). To 150% working load;
f. Incremental loading shall not be applied until the rate of settlement under the preceding load is
less than 0.5mm/h, as determined by the average of readings of the deflections gauges taken
at 5 minute intervals. The test load shall be removed in staged to the equivalent loading stages
and the recovery measured.
g. The load shall be measured by a load measuring device and by a calibrated pressure gauge
included in the hydraulic system. Readings of both the load-measuring device and the pressure
gauge shall be recorded. The load measuring device shall be calibrated within 90 days of the
testing being undertaken by an independent laboratory. The pressure gauge and hydraulic jack
shall be calibrated together. Certificates of calibration shall be supplied to the Engineer prior to
testing.
h. The movement of the slab shall be measured by note less than four deflection gauges
positioned symmetrically around the slab. Each gauge shall enable readings to be made to
within 0.1mm and shall be mounted on a reference frame which will not be affected by the
movement of the ground due to weather, kentledge load, application of test loads, movement of

site traffic or other such causes.

SUPERVISION
All tests shall be carried out under the direction of an experienced and competent supervisor conversant
with the test equipment and procedure. All personnel operating the test equipment shall have been
trained in its use.
PRELIMINARY TESTS
The Contractor shall give the Engineer at least 48 hours’ notice of the commencement of treatment of an
area for preliminary test loading.
The ground treatment for the area for preliminary test loading shall be carried out in a similar manner to
that proposed for the working area and using similar equipment and materials.
PREPARATION OF GROUND SURFACE
The Contractor shall prepare the surface which shall be cleaned of all loose material and blinded with a
layer of sand not exceeding 15mm average thickness.
SPREAD OF TEST LOAD
The steel plate or reinforced concrete slab shall be of sufficient thickness to spread the concentrated
load supplied to its upper surface evenly over its base.
END OF SECTION

1.5 SECTION 31 41 00 – SHORING

SECTION 31 41 00 - SHORING ........................................................................................................................ 3

DESCRIPTION AND SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS OF THE WORKS ............................................. 3
DESCRIPTION OF WORKS .............................................................................................................. 3
SUMMARY........................................................................................................................................ 3
SUBMITTALS.................................................................................................................................... 4
CLOSEOUT SUBMITTALS ................................................................................................................ 6
DEFINITIONS AND STANDARDS ..................................................................................................... 7
PERMITS .......................................................................................................................................... 7
JOB CONDITIONS ............................................................................................................................ 7
GENERAL, THE SITE ................................................................................................................... 8
GROUND CONDITIONS.................................................................................................................... 8
GROUNDWATER LEVEL .................................................................................................................. 8
ORIGINAL LEVELS ........................................................................................................................... 9
SITE FEATURES .............................................................................................................................. 9
TREE PROTECTION......................................................................................................................... 9
UNFORSEEN EVENTS ................................................................................................................... 10
PROTECTION................................................................................................................................. 10
PRODUCTS ................................................................................................................................ 10
GENERAL ....................................................................................................................................... 10
PROGRESS REPORT..................................................................................................................... 11
WALL LAYOUT, DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION............................................................................ 11
SHORING WALL, GUIDE WALLS .................................................................................................... 12
SECANT PILE SHORING WALL ...................................................................................................... 12
DIAPHRAGM WALL SHORING WALL ............................................................................................. 12
CONTIGUOUS PILE SHORING WALL............................................................................................. 12
KING POST SHORING WALL ......................................................................................................... 12
SHEET PILE SHORING WALL ........................................................................................................ 13
SHORING WALL ANCHORING ....................................................................................................... 13
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................ 14
MATERIALS.................................................................................................................................... 15
SAFETY STANDARDS .................................................................................................................... 16
TOLERANCES ................................................................................................................................ 17
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................ 19
SUPERVISION AND CONTROL OF THE WORKS ........................................................................... 19
EXECUTION ............................................................................................................................... 19
NUISANCE AND DAMAGE.............................................................................................................. 19
DAMAGE TO COMPLETED WALL ELEMENTS ............................................................................... 20
INSTALLATION ............................................................................................................................... 20
PILE HANDLING AND DRIVING ...................................................................................................... 21
STEEL REINFORCEMENT.............................................................................................................. 21
PLACING CONCRETE .................................................................................................................... 22
ISSUED FOR CONSTRUCTION SECTION 314100 / Page 1 SHORING

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CONCRETE LEVEL ........................................................................................................................ 23

WATER RETENTION ...................................................................................................................... 23
TEMPORARY STOP-ENDS IN DIAPHRAGM PANELS .................................................................... 23
INSTRUMENTATION FOR PILES AND EMBEDDED RETAINING WALLS .................................. 23
GENERAL ....................................................................................................................................... 23
MONITORING SPECIFICATION ...................................................................................................... 23

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SECTION 31 41 00 - SHORING
DESCRIPTION OF WORKS
The Project site is located in the city of Madinah, KSA. The site is 150 Hectares and bounds the Prophets
Mosque expansion project on the eastern side. The majority of the site area is open land with some
structures and areas of hardstanding. The scope is to provide shoring at various location as shown on
the contract drawings to support excavations up to 20m deep and ensure the stability of the excavation
is maintained, and deflections are within acceptable limits and integrity of surrounding structures and
infrastructure is maintained.
SUMMARY
This Specification provides the performance requirements for the shoring works for this project. Read
this Section in conjunction with the following Specifications:
Saudi Building Code (SBC, 2018).

ICE Specification for Piling and Embedded Retaining Walls (2nd Ed., 2007).
CIRIA C580 Embedded Retaining Walls – Guidance for Economic design.
BS 8002:1994 Code of Practice for Earth Retaining Structures.
BS 8081: Code of Practice for Ground Anchorages.
BS EN 1537:2013 Execution of Special Geotechnical Works – Ground Anchors.
Safety precautions through the piling operations shall comply with SBC (2018), Municipality Health
and Safety requirements, all relevant authorities and with BS 8004 and BS 8008.
Related work sections:
Section 312319 Dewatering;

Section 315116 Ground Anchors;
Section 312300 Earthworks and,
Section 310900 Geotechnical Instrumentation and Monitoring.
Work in this Section shall be considered as Specialist Work and as such must be designed and carried
out by a Specialist Competent Contractor with experience and license to undertake such work in
Madinah, KSA.
Major Areas for Contractor Design / Design Development
A shoring system is to be put in place which complies with SBC (2018) and the ICE Specification for
Piling and Embedded Retaining Walls (2nd Ed., 2007).
The Contractor is required to design and construct the specified embedded retaining wall in
accordance with construction tolerances and performance requirements detailed in this
Specification.
The Contractor shall design all shoring wall systems for the full excavation depth up to all final tunnel
formation levels where proposed. The design shall consider both Early works (up to safe excavation
limit of 1.0m minimum above groundwater level as per Construction drawings) and Final works
(excavation up to tunnel formation levels as per Construction drawings) constructions stages.
Adjacent structures are present along most of the proposed shoring wall boundaries.

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A detailed movement or shoring deflection analysis shall be undertaken to ensure that the integrity
of the adjacent structures are not affected by settlement.
A detailed assessment of excavation heave and stability of shoring wall shall be undertaken to
ensure the integrity of the excavation base is maintained and global stability is satisfied.
The Contractor shall also undertake a detailed condition survey of adjacent structures within the
zone of influence of the excavation prior to commencing any shoring and excavation or dewatering
works.
Work of this section shall be considered as Temporary Works.
This section includes the following:
Excavation perimeter retention systems;

Selection of construction sequence;
Guide walls;
Secant pile walls;
Diaphragm walls;
Contiguous pile walls;
King Post walls; and,
Sheet pile walls
SUBMITTALS
Pre-Contract Submittals
Method Statement Shoring Wall Construction: Submit all relevant details of the method of
constructing the shoring wall and the plant and monitoring equipment intended to be used.
Alternative methods may be stated provided it is demonstrated that they satisfy the requirements of
the Specification.
Shoring Wall Programme
a. The Contractor shall submit a provisional programme for the execution of the Works at the time
of tender and a detailed programme prior to commencement of the works. The Contractor shall
inform the Engineer each day of the intended programme of retaining wall construction for the
following day and shall give 24 hours’ notice of his intention to work outside normal hours and
on weekends.
b. The Contractor shall ensure that during the course of the work, displacement or damage which
would impair either performance or durability does not occur to completed elements. Reference
should be made to Part 4 of this Specification.
Design Brief
a. Outline drawing/ sketch showing the extent of the temporary shoring wall.
b. Outline section through each shoring walls, showing wall system, dimensions, materials.
c. A brief summary of key design parameters assumed, including groundwater levels, bulk densi-
ties, earth pressure coefficients, angle of friction of soil, soil permeability assumptions, design
standards adopted, surcharge load allowances.
d. Preliminary calculations demonstrating the design approach.
The following information shall be provided by the Contractor:
a. Specified Working Loads.
b. Performance criteria under lateral loads.
c. Types of cement.
d. Cement replacement materials.

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e. Types and sizes of aggregates.

f. Grades of concrete.
g. Designed or prescribed mixes and maximum free water cement ratio.
h. Method of testing concrete workability.
i. Grades, types and bond length or and cover to reinforcement.
j. Support fluid.
k. Element dimensions.
l. Water stop requirements, if any.
m. Water retention, if applicable.
n. Instrumentation.
o. Temporary backfill material.
p. Integrity testing.
q. Disposal of excavated material.
r. Other particular requirements.
Retaining wall construction method
a. The Contractor shall submit with his tender all relevant details of the method of constructing the
retaining wall and the plant and monitoring equipment he plans to adopt. Alternative methods
may be stated provided it is demonstrated that they satisfy the requirements of the Specification.
b. The Contractor shall dispose of all excavated material and trimmed excess wall material in ac-
cordance with local Municipality best practice guidelines.
Post Contract Submittals
Site Diary: Submit to the Engineer on the first day of each week the daily site diary notes detailing
all the personnel, materials and equipment, and work progress undertaken for each day in the
previous week.
Design criteria including design codes, material properties, soil parameters, loading allowances.
Detailed design calculations in format suitable for local Municipality submission. The calculations
shall include the analysis files (PDF and soft copy format).
Procurement Status Reports: Submit the Engineer on the first day of each week a procurement
status report showing all the materials and items procured and delivered to site.
Progress Report: Submit to the Engineer on the first day of each month a progress report showing
the current rate of progress and progress during the previous period on all important items of each
section of the work. A photographic record of the execution of works shall also form part of the
progress report.
Records: Keep records for the installation of each element as stated in Clause B1.12 of ICE
Specification for Piling and Embedded Retaining Walls, 2nd Edition published June 2007, and submit
two signed copies of these records to the Engineer not later than 12:00hours of the next working
day after the element was constructed. These records shall form a record of the work and shall be
part of the site diary submissions.
a. Any unexpected driving or boring conditions shall also be noted in the records.
Quality Plan: Submit to the Engineer one week prior to commencement of shoring wall work the
proposed Quality Plan for the work. Subsequent revisions, amendments or additions shall be
submitted to the Engineer prior to project implementation. Quality Assurance and Quality Control
documentation shall be made available to the Engineer on request.
Installation Sequence Plan: Submit to the Engineer the planned sequence and timing for installing
wall elements. Demonstrate procedures that shall avoid damage to adjacent wall elements.
Method Statement and the plant and monitoring equipment for construction of the retaining wall.

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Alternative methods may be stated provided it is demonstrated that they satisfy the requirements of
the Specification.
Method Statement Steel Reinforcement Procedures: Submit details of the proposed means of steel
reinforcement procedures that shall ensure the correct cover to and position of the reinforcement,
prior to commencement of the work.
Method Statement Movement and Vibration Monitoring: Submit plans for making surveys and
monitoring movements or vibration that could damage adjacent structures, before the
commencement of the work.
Provide Shop Drawings of the walls showing the following:
a. Setting out information, including survey control points used.
b. Details and dimensions including reinforcing steel
c. Construction tolerances
Manufacturer's technical information and test data.
Material Certificates and test results.
Provide comprehensive Construction Work Plan describing in detail the procedures to be followed
for construction including.
a. Complete specifications for all equipment proposed to be used for construction.
b. Design of concrete mixes proposed, in accordance with the Specification.
c. Procedure to maintain stability of excavations.
d. Procedure to maintain dewatering and control wells behind the shoring walls, in accordance
with the Dewatering Specification Section 312319.
e. Procedure for real-time monitoring of deviation from vertical and lateral of the shoring wall piles
and details of proposed corrective measures. Measures shall also be made to monitor the
ground deformations behind the shoring walls.
f. Methods that shall be used for removal of obstructions.
g. Contingency plan setting forth the steps that will be taken should the shoring wall deformations
exceed specified values.
Phasing of works and construction methodology showing decommissioning of shoring anchoring
and/or internal propping.
CLOSEOUT SUBMITTALS
As-built drawings and records of shoring walls including:
Pile or panel identification.

Description of soils encountered, obstructions, and excavation problems, if any.
Reference to reinforcing steel shop drawings and cut-outs.
Details of instrumentation installed.
Plumb line and deviation from plan location, as measured during installation of each panel.
The Contractor shall submit a ‘Completion report’ within 2 weeks of installation of the final pile and/or
walling element. The report shall consist of:
A summary of the ground and groundwater conditions, together with any variations observed during
the works.
A table for all installed piles/elements with date of installation, actual size, actual length, actual base
level, assessed penetration in founding strata, and actual time between start of boring and
completion of concreting.
A summary of integrity and material test records, highlighting the criteria applied and any issues.

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A summary of the main documents that were used for the Works, together with their revision status;
e.g. Specifications, drawings, method statements.
Full details of all non-conformances together with how they were resolved and their effects on the
usability and capacity of the installed piles.
An assessment of any change in installed capacity for each wall element compared to that specified,
e.g. due to extra penetration or problems due to non-conformance.
A list of all elements that were at least partially installed giving details of those abandoned or used
for other than as part of the Works.
A plan showing the final location of all elements.
The Specialist Contractor shall arrange and coordinate handover of all shoring wall elements to the Main
Contractors upon completion of his works. Due to the nature of proposed construction in which partial
excavation up safe level above groundwater level will be undertaken in the Early Works stage by the
Early Works Contractor followed by excavation completion to final formation by the Haram Tunnel
Contractor, the proposed ground anchors and/or propping will be required to be installed in both Early
Works and Haram Tunnel Construction stages. The Specialist Contractor shall coordinate with both Early
Works and Haram Tunnel Contractors to ensure installation sequence of ground support systems are
understood by all parties. The installation and monitoring of the ground anchors shall be carried out by
the same Specialist Contractor in both excavation stages.
DEFINITIONS AND STANDARDS
In this Series the terms ‘submitted’, ’demonstrated’, ‘notified’ and ‘required’ mean ‘submitted to the
Engineer’, ‘demonstrated to the Engineer’, ‘notified’ to the Engineer’ and ‘required by the Engineer’
respectively.
Commencing surface: is the level at which the equipment first enters the ground.
Cut-off-level: is the level to which the pile is trimmed.
Element: means an individual component utilized in a particular embedded retaining walling system,
e.g. diaphragm wall panel, or primary or secondary pile in a secant wall, which can be constructed
in isolation.
Embedded retaining wall: means retaining wall with shuttering provided either by the surrounding
ground (i.e. cast against soil) or sheet piles inserted into the ground.
All materials and workmanship shall be in accordance with SBC (2018), ICE Specification for Piling and
Embedded Retaining Walls (2nd Ed., 2007) Sections B1, B9, B10, B11, B12, B13, B17, B18 and B19
and appropriate British Standards BS 8002, BS EN 1538, Codes of Practice, CIRIA C580 Design of
Embedded Retaining Walls and other specified standards current at the date of tender except where the
requirements of these Standards or Codes of Practice are in conflict with this Specification in which case
the requirements of this Specification shall take precedence.
PERMITS
Obtain all necessary permits and approvals from Authorities having jurisdiction prior to commencing
works. Provide copies of permits to the Engineer.
JOB CONDITIONS
Refer to Drawings prepared by the Engineer as they affect the work of this Section of the Specifications.
Refer to the Soil Investigation Reports and any subsequent revisions.
Data in this document about subsurface conditions are not intended as representations or warranties of
accuracy or continuity between soil borings. It is expressly understood that the Engineer will not be
responsible for interpretations or conclusions made by the Contractor.

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Additional test borings and other exploratory operations may be made by the Contractor at no extra cost
to the Contract.
GENERAL, THE SITE
GROUND CONDITIONS
The Contractor shall visit the site and ascertain for himself the condition of the surface of the ground and
the type of soil likely to be encountered.
A copy of the geotechnical reports are included in the Construction documents, and include the following:
Preliminary Factual Geotechnical Investigation Report for Madinah Haram Ring Road Infrastructure
by Saudi Labs Ltd dated 1st March 2020 Prepared for Dar Al Handasah (DAR) (ref: M19-6319); and,
Factual Geotechnical Investigation Report for Madinah Central Infrastructure Project Package 7 Rev
02 by Omar Jazzar Consulting Engineers dated June 2020. Prepared for Dar AL Handasa (ref:M-
19-044).
Geotechnical Investigation Report for the Proposed Rua Al Madinah Project by Soil & Foundation
Co. (SAFCO) dated 7th March 2021 Rev 05. Prepared for Rua Al Madinah (ref: MD-SM).
An additional investigation is currently ongoing at the time of writing, and the final geotechnical report will
The Contractor shall be deemed to have satisfied himself as to the character of the Site and all the
various materials, strata, groundwater levels etc., and of all items liable to affect, or be encountered in,
the excavations and earthworks.
The aforementioned reports are provided solely for the guidance of the Contractor and no guarantee is
given by the Engineer regarding its accuracy, nor is it guaranteed that similar conditions apply elsewhere
on the Site.
The Contractor shall undertake any additional ground investigation that they feel necessary to complete
the scope of works and meet the specification.
Contractor.
GROUNDWATER LEVEL
Refer to the site investigation report for the measured level of the groundwater. This level is approximate
and reflects the conditions at the time the ground investigation was undertaken. This level is expected
to vary due to construction activities including dewatering of adjacent sites and due to seasonal and tidal
effects.
It is the Contractor responsibility to confirm groundwater levels prior to the commencement of site works
and determine its impact on the design of the shoring and dewatering systems.
The Contractor should allow for variations in the groundwater levels when working on any part of the site.
It is the Contractor’s responsibility to notify the Engineer if groundwater levels encountered are
significantly different from levels given in the site investigation report or previously measured.
A dewatering system will not be required for the early excavation works within the Jadat al Haram Tunnel
alignment, however will be required for the Ali bin Abi Talib tunnel construction. Dewatering shall be
installed at the site in accordance with the Project Specification Section 312319.

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Prior to the commencement of works, the Contractor shall install and maintain a system of standpipes
and piezometers and other devices to monitor groundwater levels and pressures which in the opinion of
the Engineer, is likely to be affected by the dewatering.
The Contractor shall observe the groundwater fluctuations on a daily basis and shall form part of the site
diary record.
ORIGINAL LEVELS
Where a drawing showing the existing site levels has not been included in the Construction documents
or the site differs from the survey drawings, the tenderer shall make all necessary allowances and this
shall be deemed to form part of his Tender.
Prior to commencement of excavation and/or fill, the Contractor shall carry out a survey of the existing
site levels and prepare a drawing showing the levels on a uniform grid. Once the levels are accepted by
the Engineer they shall be used in the calculation of quantities of excavation, earthworks etc.
SITE FEATURES
Before starting work, verify with the Engineer which existing fences, gates, walls, roads, paved areas and
other site features are to be removed. Materials arising are to be removed from the site unless their
retention is specified. Any cost incurred by this removal and final treatment shall be borne by the
Contractor.
The site shall be cleared of waste materials, bushes, scrub and undergrowth. Grub up and dispose of
large roots. The removal of any trees can only be undertaken after approval from the Engineer.
Removal operations shall be conducted with the least interference to the public and shall not start until
approved by the Engineer.
EXISTING SERVICES
Prior to commencement of work, the Contractor shall locate all existing underground services to ensure
that no damage is caused to these services during excavation and shall inform the Engineer immediately
of any previously unknown or unexpected services.
Services regulations: any work carried out to or which affects new or existing services must be in
accordance with the by-laws or regulations of the relevant statutory authority.
Location for services: Locate and mark the positions of services affected by the work. Contractor
shall arrange with the appropriate authorities for the location and marking of the positions of the
mains services.
Disconnection of services: Before starting the work, Contractor shall arrange with the appropriate
authorities for the disconnection of services and removal of fittings and equipment.
Contractor shall be responsible for any damages to existing underground services and all costs
associated with the impact and repairs shall be at Contractor expense.
TREE PROTECTION
No trees shall be removed, or relocated (on site and/or off site) without the specific written approval of
the concerned local authority.
Erect and maintain temporary fencing around tree protection zones before starting site clearing. Remove
fence when construction is complete.
When excavation for new construction is required within tree protection zones, hand clear and excavate
to minimize damage to root systems. Use narrow-tine spacing forks, comb soil to expose roots, and
clearly cut roots as close to excavation as possible.
Cover exposed roots with burlap and water regularly.

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Temporary support and protect roots from damage until they are permanently redirected and
covered with soil.
Coat cut faces of roots more than 40mm in diameter with emulsified asphalt or other accepted
coating formulated for use on damaged plant tissues.
Backfill with soil as soon as possible.
Repair or replace trees and vegetation indicated to remain that are damaged by construction operations,
in a manner accepted by the Engineer.
Employ an arborist, accepted by the Engineer, to submit details of proposed repairs and to repair
damage to trees and shrubs.
Replace trees that cannot be repaired and restored to full-growth status, as determined by the
Engineer.
UNFORSEEN EVENTS
General
The Contractor shall be responsible to protect and safeguard construction equipment from damage
or temporary incapacitation caused by predictable climate events such as flooding, whether by
precipitation, diversion of natural water courses, groundwater infiltration, or sandstorms. Any delay
of progress from preventable efforts of natural conditions shall not be deemed a basis for Claim of
Extension of Time (EOT) or additional payments.
The Contractor shall continue the Work even in unexpected circumstances unless the Engineer
gives instructions to hold the Work. If the Contractor stops the Work without any instructions from
the Engineer, or if the Contractor proceeds the Work in the proposed method without acceptance of
the Engineer, the Contractor shall undertake at his own risk.
Ground Conditions
Where the Contractor encounters unforeseen ground conditions, he shall notify the Engineer and
confirm that his shoring system and dewatering design remains applicable.
PROTECTION
Ensure no damage occurs to adjacent buildings, structures and property. A monitoring regime shall be
implemented in accordance with Part 4 of this Specification.
Ensure that adequate measures are in place to minimise the loss of fines during the dewatering.
Consideration shall be given to the incorporation of geotextiles and filter packs to minimize loss of fines.
Reference should be made to the Dewatering Specification Section 312319.
PRODUCTS
GENERAL
This section of the specification establishes the minimum requirements for the installation of the secant
pile, diaphragm, contiguous pile, King Post or sheet pile walls. The Contractor shall assume
responsibility for developing the appropriate practices in order to meet these requirements, subject to
acceptance of the Engineer.
The performance requirements outlined within this section include the following:
The design of secant pile walls to the indicated tolerances;

The design of diaphragm walls to the indicated tolerances;
The design of contiguous pile walls to the indicated tolerances;

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The design of King Post walls to the indicated tolerances; and,

The design of sheet pile walls to the indicated tolerances.
The designs of the shoring system are to be prepared by and signed by a qualified engineer experienced
in this type of work. Approval of the designs and shop drawings will not relieve the Contractor of the
adequacy and performance of these temporary works. The Contractor is free to propose an alternative
design for the approval of the Engineer.
PROGRESS REPORT
As per Clause 1.3.B of this Specification, the Contractor shall submit to the Engineer progress reports
and records of the Works in accordance with ICE SPERW (2nd Ed., 2007) Clause B1.12.
WALL LAYOUT, DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
The Contractor shall devise a shoring solution to be constructed within the excavation limits only.
The Contractor is required to design and construct the specified embedded retaining wall in accordance
with the performance requirements detailed in the relevant most current drawings, having the qualities of
materials and workmanship specified and which meet the requirements of the Specification. The
Contractor’s design shall comprise the calculation of individual element sizes based on the ground
conditions revealed by the site investigation. Additional test borings and other exploratory operations
may be undertaken by the Contractor at his sole expense.
The embedded retaining wall shall be designed to support the imposed loads from the soil, groundwater
and any surcharge loads as assessed by the Contractor based on the Soil Investigation Report,
Architectural and Structural Drawings provided and a full inspection of the site. The wall shall retain the
basement excavation during the construction period; minimise settlement of surrounding and adjacent
structures.
All design shall be in accordance with CIRIA guide C760 Design of Embedded Retaining Walls, CIRIA
Guide, and appropriate British Standards.
The Contractor shall ensure that no damage to existing adjacent structures during wall installation and
subsequent basement excavation occurs.
The excavation depth shall be taken as that stated on the Contract drawings – Tunnel structural drawings.
The Contractor shall also allow for any deepening adjacent to the shoring wall such as sump pits.
The embedded retaining wall shall form part of the temporary works only. The design life of the walls
shall be throughout the duration of the temporary works and until the permanent works is place and the
dewatering (if any) has ceased.
The design life of any ground anchors shall account for any situation where the temporary works need
to be in place for a period of longer than 2 years. In this case the anchors shall be designed as permanent
and with increased factors of safety.
The following information shall be provided by the Contractor:
Specified Working Loads;

Performance criteria under lateral loads;
Types of cement;
Cement replacement materials;
Types and sizes of aggregates;
Grades of concrete;
Designed or prescribed mixes and maximum free water cement ratio;

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Method of testing concrete workability;

Grades, types and bond length and cover to reinforcement;
Support fluid;
Element dimensions;
Water stop requirements, if any;
Water retention, if applicable;
Instrumentation;
Temporary backfill material;
Integrity testing;
Disposal of excavated material;
Other particular requirements.
SHORING WALL, GUIDE WALLS
The design and construction of guide walls shall be the responsibility of the Contractor and shall take
into account the actual site conditions and the equipment to be used on site to ensure stability and avoid
undercutting as appropriate.
Guide wall shall be constructed in reinforced concrete or other suitable materials. The minimum depth
of guide walls shall be 1.0m and the minimum shoulder width shall be 0.3m for walls in reinforced
concrete.
SECANT PILE SHORING WALL
The contractor shall allow for the stiffness of the male piles only in the secant wall design.
The pile shall be constructed using rotary boring techniques with casing to ensure verticality tolerances
are met.
Contractor shall allow for waling beams to be installed where propping or anchors are proposed to allow
for transfer of loads between the piles.
DIAPHRAGM WALL SHORING WALL
The execution of the diaphragm walls shall be in accordance with BS EN 1538:2010+A1:2015.
CONTIGUOUS PILE SHORING WALL
The Contractor shall consider a capping beam to minimize the deflections of individual piles and to ensure
that the shoring wall acts as a single unit.
Where anchoring is required to maintain stability or ensure that deflection limits are not exceeded, the
Contractor shall design waler beams to transfer the anchoring tensioned loads across multiple piles.
KING POST SHORING WALL
All materials and work shall be in accordance with Sections B1, B12 and B17, of the ICE SPERW (2007),
except where there may be conflict of requirements, in which case this Section shall take precedence.
The Contractor shall confirm that the piles can be driven to the required depths using the available
geotechnical information.
The required soldier pile steel section and precast concrete panels shall be specified by the Contractor
in accordance with their design and construction requirements and shall be of sections, numbers, lengths
and thickness specified on the Contractors approved drawing.

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SHEET PILE SHORING WALL
All materials and work shall be in accordance with Sections B1, B11 and B17, of the ICE SPERW (2007),
except where there may be conflict of requirements, in which case this Section shall take precedence.
The Contractor shall confirm that the piles can be driven to the required depths and extracted upon
construction completion using the available geotechnical information.
The required steel sheet piles sections shall be specified by the Contractor in accordance with their
design and construction requirements and as produced by Arcellor Mittal or similar approved in new
condition and shall be of sections, numbers and lengths specified on the Contractors approved
drawing.
The quality of steel shall conform to EN 10248:1996 Grade S270GP.
The Contractor shall specify any surface preparation required.
The Contractor shall specify any types of coating required.
The Contractor shall specify the thickness of primer and coats if required.
Cathodic protection is not required.
The dimensional tolerances of the sheet piles shall comply with those given in Section B12 in the
‘Specification for piling and embedded retaining walls’, ICE 2007.
All piles shall be stacked in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. The contractor
shall ensure that operations involving loading, transporting, offloading, handling, stacking and
pitching the piles, are carried out in such a manner as to prevent damage to the piles or their coating.
Any cutting required shall be carried out by means of Oxyacetalene, Oxypropane or other approved
method. The remaining pile shall be of clean and even appearance with grinding tools being
employed to remove splatter. Cut offs shall be marked so that it is clear from which pile they came
and after agreement from the Engineer will be disposed of in a pre-agreed manner. Cutting must
be carried out in such a way as to prevent damage or distortion to adjacent piles. The finished level
of the cut pile shall be within 20mm of the theoretical level.
Holes formed as weep holes shall be located at suitable positions along the sheet pile height. Holes
shall be drilled or burnt using a template, and subsequently dressed flush.
SHORING WALL ANCHORING
Based on the design requirements and where anchoring is required for the shoring wall, provide
temporary ground anchors as strand anchors in accordance with the structural design. The anchoring
design and construction works shall fully comply with the Project Specification Section 315116 and
recommendations within BS8081: Ground Anchorages and BS EN 1537: Execution of Special
Geotechnical Work – Ground Anchors.
Where grouted anchors cannot be provided due to various existing building and site boundary
constraints, shoring walls shall be braced from the inside using props and struts and temporary berms.
Ground anchors shall consist of steel tendons that are cast into the inclined bored holes and anchors at
the soil end in a grouting body made by compressing cement mortar.
Approved pre-stressed steel shall be used for the steel tendons. The latest version of the guidelines for
compressing cement mortar in tensioning ducts shall be adhered to. Approval for the construction
supervision of the grout anchoring operations shall be enclosed. The permanent grout anchors shall be
protected against damage during transport and installation. Proof of the cement volume used (primary

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and secondary) shall be furnished on-Site. Residue from drilling and injection operations shall be
removed from all visible surfaces.
The tensile forces shall be transferred to the ground in the area of the proposed load transfer length with
sufficient safety measures in place. The load-bearing behaviour of each anchor shall be tested through
tightening. During its designed service life, the load-bearing steel items shall not become corroded, and
creepage shall be kept low.
To confirm the grouting body length, a minimum 3 no. suitability tests is required at each shoring location.
The anchors shall be designed such that they are re-tightened and checked. On at least three (3) anchors
for each main soil or rock type, a suitability test shall be performed. By means of multiple loading and
unloading cycles, the elastic and permanent displacements shall be recorded up to 1.5 times the working
load. Since the load-bearing capacity of the anchor is largely dependent on fluctuations in the subsoil
conditions and manufacturing differentiations, each anchor shall be subjected to an acceptance test. In
this accelerated testing, using the main load approach, temporary anchors are tested up to 1.25 times
the operating force and permanent anchors up to 1.5 times the operating force. Permanent and elastic
displacements shall be compared to the results of the suitability test. The extent of creep should generally
be less than 1.0mm for temporary anchors and 2.0mm for permanent anchors although guidance from
BS8081 varies. If the required anchoring forces are not achieved, additional measures shall be agreed
with the Engineer. These measures shall be documented in additional suitability tests.
To keep the displacements of anchored structures in the event of external loads to a minimum, the
anchors are pre-stressed approximately to the operating force. For wall sections where displacements
due to the adjacent buildings are not allowed, the dimensioning of the wall shall be designed with inactive
earth pressure, and the anchors can be set between 1.0 and 1.1 times the operating force.
In addition to the construction and installation of anchors, and its required testing and associated
structural design, the Contractor shall allow for the following:
Adjustment of the grouting material in the event of Site conditions that are different from those
described in the tender.
Increased consumption of grouting material than allowed for, according to the soil or rock conditions.
Quality assurance and quality assurance measures as described elsewhere in the Specification for
the excavation pit.
Dismantling of anchors.
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
The Contractor shall carry out the work in such a manner and at such times as to minimize noise, vibration
and other disturbance in order to comply with current environmental legislation.
The permissible damage to adjacent structures shall be negligible. The Contractor is responsible for the
rectification of any damage to adjacent structures or services. If in the opinion of the Contractor damage
may be caused to other structures or services by his execution of the Works he shall immediately notify
the Engineer. The Contractor shall submit his plans for making surveys and monitoring movements or
vibration before the commencement of the Works in accordance with the Geotechnical Instrumentation
and Monitoring Specification, Section 310900 and Part 3 of this Specification.
The Contractor shall determine the positions and structural condition of all known services and structures
before commencing piling work on site. This shall be in the form of a fully documented condition survey
comprising photographs and detailed descriptions of any existing defects.
The Contractor shall carry out work adjacent to any existing building in such a manner that minimum
shock and vibration of the ground shall occur.

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The exact vibration limits are to be confirmed following discussions with local authorities but shall not
exceed a peak component particle velocity (pcpv) of 6mm/s measured at the location of the existing
neighboring third party structure. The use of casing vibrators shall not be permitted at this site.
If during execution of the work, damage is, or is likely to be caused to any part of adjacent buildings
including finishes etc. and any equipment etc. within the building the Contractor shall submit his proposal
for avoidance of such damage to the Engineer.
MATERIALS
The sources of supply of materials shall not be changed until the Contractor has demonstrated that the
materials from the new source can meet all the requirements of the Project Specifications.
Materials failing to comply with the Project Specifications shall be removed promptly from the site.
All materials and work shall be in accordance with Project Specifications, except where there may be
conflict of requirements, in which case this Section shall take precedence.
Where support fluid is required to maintain the stability of the wall element bore, the fluid shall be
bentonite.
Concrete
The minimum grade of concrete for the shoring wall shall be C40.
Where concrete is placed into a water free unlined boring and where reinforcement is widely spaced
the slump shall be 100mm with a tolerance of +/-25mm (Type A). For reinforcement that is closely
spaced, or where the concrete is placed in a closed hole, or where the pile diameter is less than
600mm, the concrete slump shall be 150mm +/-25mm (Type B).
Where concrete is placed by a tremie under water or drilling fluid the slump shall be 175mm +/-
25mm (Type C), collapse slump concrete will be rejected.
For piles where successive charges of concrete are rammed and compacted into the ground, the
concrete shall have nominally zero slump with a maximum of not more than 50mm.
Certificates and test cube results for the materials and the concrete shall be supplied to the Engineer
as required.
Self-hardening Slurry Mixes
The Contractor shall submit details for the self-hardening slurry mix (soft pile) proportions to be used
prior to commencing the Works.
Trial mixes shall be prepared for each mix unless there are existing data showing that the mix
proportions and method of manufacture will produce hardened material of the strength, permeability,
shrinkage properties and durability required, having adequate workability for compaction by the
method to be used in placing. Samples shall be tested in an independent laboratory for those tests.
Where a trial mix is required after commencement of the Works the above procedure shall be
adopted. The workability of each batch of a trial mix shall be determined by an approved method.
No variations outside the limits set out in the proportions shall be made nor in the original source of
the materials without demonstrating compliance with this Specification.
Self-hardening mixes shall be checked for compliance with the mix proportions. Cylindrical samples
shall be made at the rate of four samples for each 50 m³ of self hardening slurry or part thereof in
each day’s work. Testing will be carried out in an approved independent laboratory for those tests.
The Contractor shall keep a detailed record of the results of all tests on self-hardening mixes and
their ingredients. Each test shall be clearly identified with the pile to which it relates and the date it
was carried out.
Support fluid

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The testing frequency of the drilling fluid, sampling procedures and the proposed methodology to
exchange the fluid within the pile bore shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval.
Support fluid samples from the mixing tank (fresh) shall be tested to confirm that a proper suspension
has been produced. Additionally, samples shall be taken from the base and top of the pile/panel
bore after completion of drilling, prior to lowering the reinforcement and prior to concreting. Should
the test results indicate a loss of the drilling fluid properties, the Contractor shall exchange it following
approved methodologies.
Bentonite and alternative fluid support materials, additives, mixing and testing and clean water shall
be in accordance with Section B18 of the Specification (ICE SPERW (2007)
TABLE 1: CHARACTERISTICS FOR BENTONITE SUSPENSIONS

Stages
Property Units Ready for Before con- Test Standard
Fresh
re-use creting
API RP 13B-1, ASTM
Density g/ml < 1.10 < 1.25 < 1.15
D4380, BS EN 1536
Marsh viscosity API RP 13B-1, ASTM
sec 32 to 50 32 to 60 32 to 50
(946 ml) D6910
Fluid loss (30 API RP 13B-1, BS EN
ml < 30 < 50 n.a.
min) 1536
API RP 13B-1, BS EN
pH 7 to 11 7 to 12 n.a.
1536
API RP 13B-1, ASTM
Sand content % n.a. n.a. <4
D4381, BS EN 1536
The minimum polymer material testing requirements and limits are as follows:
a. Density (Mud density balance test): 1.02g/cm3 to 1.10g/cm3
b. Marsh cone viscosity (Marsh Cone test): 45sec – 70sec
c. Sand content (Sand screen test): <1%
d. pH (Electrical pH meter): 7-9
SAFETY STANDARDS
Safety precautions through the shoring operations shall comply with Municipality Health and Safety
requirements, all relevant authorities and with BS 8008 and BS EN 1997.
The Contractor shall submit a Health and Safety Organisation chart for Engineer’s approval prior to
commencing the Works.
A competent person, properly qualified and experienced, should be appointed to supervise the shoring
operations. The Contractor shall submit the CV of the safety supervisor for approval by the Engineer.
Onsite Safety
The Contractor shall provide and maintain on the Site sufficient proper and efficient life-saving
appliances. The appliances must be conspicuous and available for use at all times.
Site operatives shall be conversant with the use of safety equipment and drills shall be carried out
sufficiently frequently to ensure that all necessary procedures can be correctly observed.
The Contractor shall install a safety barrier at the crest of the shoring wall for health and safety
purposes.
Temporary safety barriers should be used to protect workers and the travelling public from excavations.
Continuous adequate solid barriers and/or fencing shall be placed around all excavations. Where
nighttime pedestrian or vehicle access is adjacent to excavation then all solid barriers will be fitted with
warning lights.

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TOLERANCES
Excavation Perimeter Retention System
Setting Out: Set out and install marker pins for the wall positions. Prior to installation of the wall,
check the element positions before proceeding.
Position and Verticality Tolerances: The permitted deviation of element positions and alignment to
the vertical shall be dependent upon the method of wall construction and as specified in this Section.
The position, verticality and spacing shall be chosen ensuring the required interlock to the required
depth shall be achieved. The required depth shall match the requirements of the dewatering design
and Project Specification.
Waler beams and capping beams shall be utilised for all propped/anchored shoring types where
appropriate to ensure that load is evenly distributed or shared between the piles and the wall acts
as a unit.
Monitoring system while casting and boring of the shoring piles is carried out shall be one of the following
as directed by the Engineer:
Inclinometers or similar devices shall be used to monitor lateral movement in the concrete walls. For
the other shoring types, inclinometers shall be installed behind the walls where applicable.
Downhole survey methods that permit measurement of both the diameter and plumbness of a drill
hole by a sonar device with a 360 degree profile of the drill hole at any depth shall be used.
Geophysical methods of monitoring verticality such as electromagnetic, seismic/ acoustic, magnetic
and gravity techniques shall be used.
The monitoring systems shall be in place for the duration of construction to record deviations from
the prescribed tolerance levels in subsequent clauses hereunder.
Shoring Walls
Guide Walls:
a. The finished internal face of the guide wall closest to any subsequent main excavation shall be
vertical to a tolerance of 1:200 and shall represent the reference line. There shall be no ridges
on the face and the center line of the guide wall shall not deviate from its specified position by
more than ±15mm in 3m.
b. The minimum clear distance between the guide walls shall be the pile diameter plus 25mm and
the maximum distance shall be the pile diameter plus 50mm.
Secant Piles:
At cut-off level the maximum deviation of the centre-line of each pile from the specified position shall
be 10mm and an additional tolerance of 8mm for each 1.0m that the cut-off level is below the top of
the guide wall shall be permitted.
The exposed face of the pile shall be vertical within a minimum tolerance of 1:150 unless otherwise
indicated on the Design Drawings.
An additional tolerance of 100mm shall be allowed for concrete protrusions resulting from cavities
formed by overbreak in the ground.
For distances and tolerances requirements in an overlapped secant pile wall for general applications,
refer to the following clauses. If during construction an offset of the secant piles is detected in the
wall axis, then the tolerance values shall be decreased and/ or the distance between the secant pile
axes reduced.
a. For the secant pile diameter of 600mm, the distance between axes shall be 450mm and the
tolerance value for the offset from the perpendicular, which is the % of the length, shall be 0.5%
to 1.0%.
b. For the secant pile diameter of 900mm, the distance between axes shall be 750mm and the

17 JUNE 2021
to 1.0%.
c. For the secant pile diameter of 1200mm, the distance between axes shall be 1050mm and the
to 1.0%.
Recesses
a. For Secant pile walls - if recesses in the form of box-outs shall be formed within a pile shaft, the
vertical tolerance shall be +150mm/ -50mm and the rotational tolerance shall be 10°.
Steel Reinforcement: A vertical tolerance of +150mm/ -50mm shall generally be permitted on the
level of steel projecting from a pile cut-off.
Diaphragm Wall:
At cut-off level the maximum deviation of the centre-line of each pile from the specified position shall
be 10mm and an additional tolerance of 8mm for each 1.0m that the cut-off level is below the top of
the guide wall shall be permitted.
The exposed face of the wall shall be vertical within a tolerance of 1:150.
An additional tolerance of 100mm shall be allowed for concrete protrusions resulting from cavities
formed by overbreak in the ground.
Recesses
a. Where recesses are formed by inserts in the wall, the vertical tolerance shall be +150mm/-
50mm and the horizontal tolerance shall be ± 75mm plus an additional 100mm from overbreak.
Contiguous Piles:
a. At cut-off level the maximum deviation of the centre-line of each pile from the specified position
shall be 10mm and an additional tolerance of 8mm for each 1.0m that the cut-off level is below
the top of the guide wall shall be permitted.
b. The exposed face of the pile shall be vertical within a tolerance of 1:100 unless otherwise indi-
cated on the Design Drawings.
c. An additional tolerance of 100mm shall be allowed for concrete protrusions resulting from cavi-
ties formed by overbreak in the ground.
d. For distances and tolerances requirements in a contiguous pile wall for general applications,
refer to the following clauses. If during construction an offset of the contiguous piles is detected
in the wall axis, then the tolerance values shall be decreased and/ or the distance between the
contiguous pile axes reduced.
1). For the contiguous pile diameter of 600mm, the distance between piles shall be 700mm
and the tolerance value for the offset from the perpendicular, which is the % of the length,
shall be 0.5% to 1.0%.
e. The plan position for wall elements with cut-off level at or above commencing surface shall be
25mm.
f. Steel Reinforcement: A vertical tolerance of +150mm/ -50mm shall generally be permitted on
the level of steel projecting from a pile cut-off.
King Post Wall
a. On completion of the pile the section shall be located within a vertical tolerance of +150/-150mm
and with a rotational tolerance of 20 degrees unless stated in the Project Specification.

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b. The exposed wall face and piles shall be vertical within a tolerance of 1:75.
Sheet Pile Wall
a. The exposed wall face and piles shall be vertical within a tolerance of 1:75.
b. Actual weight of section shall not differ from theoretical weight by more than minus 2.5% or plus
5%.
c. Pile straightness shall not exceed 1/600 of overall pile length.
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
The total lateral deflection of the wall along any part shall not exceed 30mm or that assessed to minimise
any damage to the adjacent structure. A limiting value of 50mm may be adopted in the design of other
temporary shoring systems installed within the plot boundary, such as the proposed diaphragm wall.
The total vertical deflection of the wall along any part shall not exceed 20mm or that assessed to minimise
any damage to the adjacent structure.
The embedment depth shall ensure a minimum safety factor of 1.2 on hydraulic failure and basal heave
where applicable at the excavation base.
SUPERVISION AND CONTROL OF THE WORKS
The Contractor shall keep upon the Works a competent site supervisor to be in charge of the retaining
wall construction or installation.
The site supervisor must be experienced in the type of retaining wall construction necessitated by the
Contractor. Curriculum vitae for the supervisor shall be submitted prior to commencement. The whole
time of the site supervisor shall be devoted to the retaining wall works. The site supervisor shall not be
removed from the Works without the Engineer being notified in advance with at least one week’s notice.
The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer at least one week prior to commencement of retaining wall
works his Quality Plan for the Works as per Clause 1.3(B) of this Specification. Subsequent revisions,
amendments or additions shall be submitted to the Engineer prior to their implementation. Quality
Assurance and Quality Control documentation shall be made available to the Engineer on request.
The Contractor shall submit at least one week prior to commencement of the Works an organization chart
including among others a Project manager, a QA supervisor, a safety supervisor, a planner and QS,
engineers and foremen as needed with their respective CVs for Engineers acceptance. The Contractor
shall update the chart whenever key personnel are reassigned.
EXECUTION
NUISANCE AND DAMAGE
The Contractor shall carry out the work in such a manner and at such times as to minimize noise, vibration
and other disturbance in order to comply with the local current environmental legislation.
The Contractor shall endeavor to ascertain the nature and levels of noised produced by the mechanical
equipment and plant that will be used. He shall then take steps to reduce either the level or the annoying
characteristics, or both, of the noise. Reference should be made to BS 5228 Part 1 for prediction of noise
level due to different types of mechanical equipment and plant, and to BS 5228 Part 4 for noise and
vibration control techniques applicable to shoring operations.
The permissible damage to adjacent structures shall be negligible. The Contractor is responsible for the
rectification of any damage to adjacent structures or services. If in the opinion of the Contractor damage
may be caused to other structures or services by his execution of the Works he shall immediately notify
the Engineer. The Contractor shall submit his plans for making preconstruction surveys, monitoring
movements or vibrations before the commencement of the Works.

17 JUNE 2021
The Contractor shall determine the positions and structural condition of all known services and structures
before commencing piling work on site. This shall be in the form of a fully documented condition survey
comprising photographs and detailed descriptions of any existing defects.
The Contractor shall carry out work adjacent to any existing building in such a manner that minimum
shock and vibration of the ground shall occur.
The Contractor shall fix "tell tales” to the existing building where directed by the Engineer. These shall
be inspected daily and any cracking shall be immediately reported to the Engineer.
The Contractor shall also fix Optical monitoring targets to existing structures that are deemed to be within
the zone of influence of the works – for any structure or utilities/services within 50m of the excavation
limit as shown in the Contract drawings. The optical monitoring targets shall be able to be surveyed by
an Electromagnetic Distance Measuring (EDM) device on a real time basis. The targets shall be placed
at regular 12m intervals along any adjacent structures in two rows, one at 3m above ground level and
the other at 9m above ground level. This will allow the movement of the existing structures to be
monitored in both the horizontal and vertical plane. The baseline monitoring shall start a minimum of 1
month prior to any construction works commencing and monitoring shall continue until the basement
construction is complete and dewatering switched off.
The Contractor shall monitor the structure and compare readings against pre-determined trigger levels.
Should the movement of the wall or the existing structure approach 50% of the trigger level, the Employer
shall be notified and the remedial action plan shall be implemented to arrest the movement.
If during execution of the work, damage is, or is likely to be caused to any part of adjacent buildings
including finishes etc. and any equipment etc. within the building the Contractor shall submit his proposal
for avoidance of such damage to the Engineer.
DAMAGE TO COMPLETED WALL ELEMENTS
The Contractor shall ensure that during the course of the work, displacement or damage which would
impair either performance or durability does not occur to completed wall elements.
The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer his planned sequence and timing for installing wall elements,
having regard to the avoidance of damage to adjacent wall elements.
INSTALLATION
Dimension of wall elements
The thickness/diameter of a panel/pile shall not be less than the specified dimensions. The length of
wall elements may be varied to suit an individual Contractor’s equipment subject to the Engineer’s
approval. Within these constraints the Contractor shall be responsible for selecting panel/pile
dimensions which ensure stability and the movements remain within the specified criteria. If in the
Contractor’s opinion the specified panel/pile dimensions are not adequate to ensure stability, the
Contractor shall inform the Engineer at the time of tender. In the absence of any such notice, the
Contractor shall be deemed to have warranted full compliance with the requirements indicated in the
Contract Documents.
Boring into recently cast panels/piles
Piles shall not be bored into other piles which have recently been cast and which contain workable
or partially set concrete such that a flow of concrete or instability could be induced or damage caused
to any installed piles. The Contractor’s planned sequence of construction shall be submitted prior to
work commencing in accordance with Part 1 Clause 1.3(B) of this Specification.
Stability of the Excavation
A suitable guide wall shall be used in conjunction with the method to ensure stability of the strata
near ground level until concrete has been placed. During construction, the level of support fluid in
the excavation shall be maintained within the guide wall or stable ground so that stability is ensured

17 JUNE 2021
at all times.
In the event of a loss of support fluid from an excavation, the Contractor shall notify the Engineer of
his intended action before continuing the work.
Temporary casing shall be used in unstable ground with or without support fluid to maintain the
stability of the bore unless continuous flight augers are used. The process of advancing the bore
and the temporary casing shall be such that soil is not drawn into the bore from outside the area of
the pile and cavities are not created outside the temporary casing. Vibrating casing shall not be
used.
The design of the shoring walls shall ensure that heave at the excavation base is limited in order to
control the lateral deflections of the shoring walls to within the defined limits as described in this
specification. Contractor may need to consider reinforcing the ground via deep soil mixing, jet
grouting or similar to strengthen any potential weak soils.
The Contractor shall ensure the shoring walls are tied into the open cut excavations for sufficient
length to provide the necessary support of the adjacent structures.
Cleanliness of Base
Prior to placing steel or concrete the Contractor shall clean the base of the excavation of as much
loose, disturbed and remoulded materials as practical and in accordance with the method of
construction and shall wholly or partly remove and replace support fluid while maintaining the fluid
head if it does not comply with the Contractor’s stated limits for support fluid prior to concreting.
Water or drilling fluid shall be maintained at such levels throughout and following the cleaning
operation that stability of the bore is preserved.
PILE HANDLING AND DRIVING
Pile handling and installation shall be as defined within the ‘Specification for piling and embedded
retaining walls’, ICE 2007, Section B11.
The contractor shall ensure that operations involving loading, transporting, offloading, handling, stacking
and pitching the piles, are carried out in such a manner as to prevent damage to the piles.
The selection of the driving and extracting plant shall be made having due regard to the ground conditions
and pile type. The Contractor shall specify the types of head and toe preparation.
Positional and alignment tolerance should be in accordance with the ‘Specification for piling and
embedded retaining walls’, ICE 2007, Section B11.4.2 and Table B1.4.
Pile driving records shall be kept recording as a minimum the information listed within ‘Specification for
piling and embedded retaining walls’, ICE 2007, Section B1.12.
The Contractor shall advise on the penetration depth and toe level required to maintain stability of the
retained ground for the design life of the structure.
STEEL REINFORCEMENT
The number of joints in longitudinal steel bars shall be kept to a minimum.
Joints in steel reinforcement shall be such that the full strength of each bar is effective across the joint
and shall be made so that there is no detrimental displacement of the reinforcement during the
construction of the panel, following the guidance of BS 8110.
Reinforcement shall be maintained in its correct position during concreting of the panel. Where it is made
up into cages, they shall be sufficiently rigid to enable them to be handled, placed and concreted without
damage. If the cage is to be welded together, welding shall be carried out to the requirements of BS
7123. Details of the procedures should be submitted prior to the commencement of the Works.

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Spacers shall be designed and manufactured using durable materials which shall not lead to corrosion
of the reinforcement of spalling of the concrete cover. Details of the means by which the Contractor
plans to ensure the correct cover to and position of the reinforcement shall be submitted prior to
commencing the Works.
The minimum projecting bond lengths in accordance with BS 8110 shall be observed.
The Contractor shall prepare reinforcement detail construction drawings for each panel and these shall
be submitted to the Engineer prior to commencement of the Works.
PLACING CONCRETE
The workability and method of placing of the concrete shall be such that a continuous monolithic concrete
panel or pile of the full cross-section is formed, and that the concrete in its final position is dense and
homogeneous. Concrete shall be transported from the mixer to the position of the panel in such a manner
that segregation of the mix does not occur.
Before commencing of concreting of a panel or pile, the Contractor shall satisfy himself that the supplier
will have available sufficient quantity of concrete to construct the panel or pile in one continuous
operation.
The concrete shall be placed without such interruption as would allow the previously placed batch to
have achieved a stiffness which prevents proper amalgamation (i.e. cold joint) of the two concrete
batches. The method of placing shall be approved by the Engineer.
No spoil, liquid or other foreign matter shall be allowed to contaminate the concrete.
The concrete workability shall be determined using the slump or flow table in accordance with BS 1881.
The target slump for concrete placed through support fluid using a tremie pipe shall be 200mm; any
slump less than 150mm is unacceptable.
Internal vibrators shall not be used to compact concrete within a cast in place panel or pile.
The concrete shall be placed through a tremie pipe in one continuous operation. Where two or more
pipes are used in the same panel or pile simultaneously, care shall be taken to ensure that the concrete
level at each pipe position is maintained nearly equal.
The hopper and pipe of the tremie shall be clean and watertight throughout. The tremie pipe shall extend
to the base of the panel or pile and a sliding plug or barrier shall be placed in the pipe to prevent direct
contact between the first charge of concrete in the tremie and the support fluid.
The tremie pipe shall at all times penetrate the concrete which has previously been placed with a
maximum embedment of 6m and a minimum embedment of 3m and shall not be withdrawn from the
concrete until completion of concreting. At all times a sufficient quantity of concrete shall be maintained
within the pipe to ensure that the pressure from it exceeds that from the support fluid and workable
concrete above the tremie base. The internal diameter of the pipe of the tremie shall be of sufficient size
to ensure the easy flow of concrete. It shall be so designed that external projections are minimized,
allowing the tremie to pass within reinforcing cages without causing damage. The internal face of the
pipe of the tremie shall be free from projections.
The depth of the surface of the concrete shall be measured and the embedded length of the tremie pipe
recorded at regular intervals corresponding to each batch of concrete. The depths measured and
volumes placed shall be plotted immediately on a graph during the concreting process and compared
with the theoretical relationship of depth against volume.
The time period before a panel is excavated and before the concrete is placed shall not exceed 12 hours.
Where concrete is not brought to the top of the guide wall, the empty panel or pile shall be backfilled as
soon as possible with approved material. Prior to backfilling, bores shall be clearly marked and fenced
off so as not to cause a safety hazard.

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CONCRETE LEVEL
If the cut-off level for the panel or pile is less than 1m below the top level of the guide walls,
uncontaminated concrete shall be brought to the top of the guide walls. If the cut-off level is greater than
1 m below the top level of the guide walls, concrete shall be brought to 1m above the cut-off level
specified, with a tolerance of ±150mm. An additional tolerance of +150 mm over the above tolerances
shall be permitted for each 1.0m of depth by which the cut-off level is below the top of the guide wall up
to a maximum of 2.0m.
Where more than one tremie pipe is used the concrete shall be brought up to 1m above the cut-off level
specified with a tolerance of ± 250 mm.
WATER RETENTION
Water retention and degree of retention for retaining wall in both temporary and permanent conditions -
The waterproofing performance criteria of the temporary works are required to be Grade 1 – Some water
seepage and damp is tolerable, in accordance with BS 8102. This corresponds to ‘Beading and damp
patches tolerable. No weeping. Some dewatering may be required in times of poor weather or other
seasonal effects.
The Contractor shall be responsible for the repair of any joint, defect or panel where on exposure of the
shoring wall, the wall is not deemed ‘watertight’ as specified in ICE SPERW (2nd Ed., 2007) Clause B1.9.
Any leak resulting in water flow emanating from the surface of the retaining wall shall be sealed to the
acceptance of the Engineer.
The Contractor is to propose inspection programme and is subject to approval from the Engineer.
TEMPORARY STOP-ENDS IN DIAPHRAGM PANELS
Temporary stop-ends shall be of the length, thickness and quality of material adequate for the purpose
of preventing water and soil from entering the panel excavations.
Each temporary stop-end shall be straight and true throughout. The external surface shall be clean and
smooth, i.e. free from distortions that may affect panel integrity during removal of the temporary stop-
end.
Stop-ends shall be rigid and adequately restrained to prevent horizontal movement during concreting.
The Contractor shall notify the Engineer prior to the removal of each stop-end.
INSTRUMENTATION FOR PILES AND EMBEDDED RETAINING WALLS
GENERAL
This section shall make reference to Section 310900 Geotechnical Instrumentation and Monitoring
Specification and ICE SPERW 2nd Ed 2007 Section B17.
The Contractor shall be responsible for the installation, calibration, defining trigger levels and
alarm/contingency plans, monitoring, collation and processing of data, and interpretation of the results.
Prior to commencement of works, the Contractor shall submit a detailed method statement discussing
each of the aforementioned items and provide detailed drawings showing the instrument type, layout,
location and depth. Manufacturers specification and calibration certificates of all the equipment’s shall be
appended within the method statement.
MONITORING SPECIFICATION
A walkover shall be conducted prior to site works taking place, every second month during the enabling
works, and at the completion of the enabling works between the Engineer and the Contractor’s Engineer.
This survey shall note and measure any cracks or visible defects and an accurate photographic record
provided by the Contractor for review by the Engineer. Following completion of the shoring and

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excavation works and the basement construction, a walkover shall be completed to conclude whether
any damage has occurred during the works. The Contractor shall undertake all remediation work
associated with any damage occurred during the shoring and excavation works.
Crack width monitoring; if cracks are observed on existing structures, the Contractor shall propose a
crack width monitoring programme for acceptance by the Engineer.
The shoring wall is to be monitored to ensure that movement of the wall and surrounding structures are
within acceptable limits and damage will not occur to the wall and surrounding structures.
The trigger value for movement shall be set at 50% of the predicted maximum movement. Once this
value is reached the Contractor shall give special attention including reporting to the Engineer. This
movement shall be provided as both an absolute lateral and vertical movement and an angular rotation.
The trigger values shall be determined following the Contractor’s design being finalized and before the
site works commence.
The shoring walls shall be monitored using inclinometers and supplemented with optical targets. For
concrete shoring walls, inclinometers shall be embedded within the pile/panel. For other shoring types,
inclinometers shall be installed behind the shoring wall in the ground up to 3m below proposed toe level.
Any existing sensitive structures adjacent to the shoring wall and within the zone of influence of the
shoring wall excavation shall also be monitored using optical targets.
Inclinometers shall be placed at regular 30m spacing within the shoring walls, or as specified by the
Engineer. The optical targets on the adjacent structures, if deemed by the Engineer to be necessary,
shall be placed at 12m spacing at 3m and 9m above ground level.
The base readings shall be taken prior to any dewatering or excavation taking place for the inclinometers
and optical targets at the top of the wall, 1 week before start of excavation/construction. For the remaining
optical targets vertically down the wall, these base readings shall be undertaken once the excavation
level progresses downwards and the monitoring locations are exposed.
All structures shall be monitored over the full excavation period and until the permanent substructure wall
is constructed and any dewatering pumps are switched off.
The Contractor shall be responsible for monitoring of all the structures and these shall be reported to the
Engineer on a weekly basis. However, should any trigger values be exceeded the Engineer shall be
notified immediately.
The monitoring data shall be reported in accordance with ICE SPERW Clause B17.6. The results shall
be tabulated and provided in graphical format showing absolute movement since the baseline, change
in movement since the last reading and the movement trend.
The monitoring data shall be reported in accordance with the following:
The date and time of each reading;

The weather;
The name of the person taking the readings;
The element reference number and the number of the instrument;
Any damage to the instrumentation or difficulties in reading;
Any special activities ongoing in the vicinity of the element being monitored;
Any calibration constants that are being applied;
A table comparing the specified results with any previous readings with the base readings;
A graph showing the variation of load or pressure or movement or strain with time. Key dates should
be marked with a brief explanation of their significance
The results shall be tabulated and provided in graphical format showing absolute movement since

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the baseline, change in movement since the last reading and the movement trend.
Daily assessment of each reading.
END OF SECTION

17 JUNE 2021
1.6 SECTION 31 51 16 – GROUND ANCHORS

SECTION 31 5116 – GROUND ANCHORS ............................................................................................. 3

GENERAL ............................................................................................................................. 3
SCOPE ..................................................................................................................................... 3
SCOPE OF WORKS.................................................................................................................. 3
RESPONSIBILITY OF THE CONTRACTOR .............................................................................. 3
GROUND CONDITIONS ........................................................................................................... 4
REFERENCE STANDARDS ...................................................................................................... 4
DESIGN BY CONTRACTOR ..................................................................................................... 4
METHOD STATEMENTS FOR CONSTRUCTION OPERATIONS ............................................. 5
EQUIPMENT LABOUR .............................................................................................................. 5
INSPECTION AND TESTING .................................................................................................... 6
COMPLIANCE INSPECTION .................................................................................................... 6
ACCEPTABILITY....................................................................................................................... 6
MATERIALS .......................................................................................................................... 6
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS .................................................................................................... 6
END ANCHORAGE ................................................................................................................... 6
TENDONS................................................................................................................................. 7
CEMENT GROUT ..................................................................................................................... 7
GREASES ................................................................................................................................. 7
PLASTICS ................................................................................................................................. 8
SYSTEM COMPONENTS ...................................................................................................... 8
GENERAL ................................................................................................................................. 8
FREE AND FIXED ANCHOR LENGTH ...................................................................................... 8
SPACERS AND CENTRALISERS ............................................................................................. 8
ANCHOR HEAD COMPONENTS .............................................................................................. 9
SUBMISSION OF ALTERNATE SYSTEMS FOR ACCEPTANCE.......................................... 9
ANCHORAGES ..................................................................................................................... 9
EQUIPMENT.......................................................................................................................... 9
GENERAL ................................................................................................................................. 9
FABRICATING AND PLACING ................................................................................................ 10
GROUTING EQUIPMENT ....................................................................................................... 10
STRESSING EQUIPMENT ...................................................................................................... 10
ANCHOR FABRICATION .................................................................................................... 10
DRILLING ............................................................................................................................ 10
ANCHOR INSTALLATION................................................................................................... 10
GENERAL ............................................................................................................................... 10
WATER TESTING AND PREGROUTING ................................................................................ 11
INSERTION OF ANCHOR ....................................................................................................... 11
GROUTING ...................................................................................................................... 12
ISSUED FOR CONSTRUCTION SECTION 315116 / Page 1 GROUND ANCHORS

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GENERAL ............................................................................................................................... 12
BLEEDING, FREE EXPANSION AND FLUIDITY ..................................................................... 12
SAMPLING FOR TESTS ON BLEEDING, FREE EXPANSION, FLUIDITY AND STRENGTH .. 12
TRIAL GROUT MIXES............................................................................................................. 12
GROUT MIXING ...................................................................................................................... 13
GROUT INJECTION EQUIPMENT .......................................................................................... 13
GROUTING PROCEDURES ................................................................................................... 13
GROUTING RECORD ............................................................................................................. 13
FITTING ANCHOR HEAD ................................................................................................ 14
ANCHOR TESTING ......................................................................................................... 14
GENERAL ............................................................................................................................... 14
ON-SITE SUITABILITY TESTS................................................................................................ 14
ON-SITE ACCEPTANCE TESTS............................................................................................. 14

17 JUNE 2021
SECTION 31 5116 – GROUND ANCHORS
GENERAL
SCOPE
This specification deals with temporary ground anchors and shall be read in conjunction with Conditions
of Contract and the Specification for Excavation and Fill Section 31 23 00, Geotechnical Instrumentation
and Monitoring Section 31 90 00 and Shoring 31 40 00.
The Contractor shall comply fully with requirements of this specification in the design, erection and
installation of ground anchors.
Where works are ordered to be performed by the Contractor but are not specified in this specification,
the Contractor must carry them out with full diligence and expedience as are expected for works of this
nature and shall comply with relevant clauses of the British Standard Code of Practice for Ground
Anchorage (BS 8081: 1989).
SCOPE OF WORKS
The Contract comprises the provision of all labour, tools, plants, materials, transportation and all
necessary equipment for the following works:
Design, supply, construct, install and test ground anchors as part of a temporary shoring retaining
system to support with safety the excavation.
Any other incidental works necessary to ensure the safety and satisfactory performance of the
shoring retaining system.
RESPONSIBILITY OF THE CONTRACTOR
The Contractor shall be experienced in ground anchor design and construction and shall have equipment
and manpower suitable for the work and available for the entire operation of the work.
The Contractor shall be wholly responsible at all times for the safety of works. He shall instruct his workers
and all other personnel about the danger zones during the stressing of the anchors and others.
The Contractor is expected to study and place his own interpretation on the geotechnical data provided
as well as obtain further data if he feels necessary. The Contractor shall give due consideration to existing
structures, foundations and existing underground utilities adjacent to the project site in the design and
installation of anchors.
The Contractor shall engage a licensed surveyor to set out benchmarks and reference points from which
to layout his work. It is the responsibility of the Contractor to acquire necessary permits and documents
from the relevant authorities to carry out the work.
It is the responsibility of the Contractor to obtain the relevant NOCs from adjacent plot owners prior to
the installation of ground anchors.
The Specialist Contractor shall arrange and coordinate handover of all shoring wall elements to the Main
Contractors upon completion of his works. Due to the nature of proposed construction in which partial
excavation up to safe level above groundwater level will be undertaken in the Early Works stage by the
Early Works Contractor followed by excavation completion to final formation by the Haram Tunnel
Contractor, the proposed ground anchors and/or propping will be required to be installed in both Early
Works and Haram Tunnel Construction stages. The Specialist Contractor shall coordinate with both Early
Works and Haram Tunnel Contractors to ensure installation sequence of ground support systems are
understood by all parties. The installation and monitoring of the ground anchors shall be carried out by
the same Specialist Contractor in both excavation stages.

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GROUND CONDITIONS
No responsibility is accepted by the Consultant or the Client for any opinions or conclusions given in any
existing factual or interpretative ground investigation reports. The Contractor shall report immediately to
the Consultant any circumstance which indicates that in the Contractor’s opinion the ground conditions
differ from those reported in or which could have been inferred from the ground investigation reports or
trial installation results.
The Contractor shall ensure that he has all relevant copies of existing ground investigation reports and
shall satisfy himself as to the adequacy of the information contained within them and their coverage over
the site. Should the contractor consider that there is insufficient information available he shall undertake
additional ground investigation works at his own cost.
REFERENCE STANDARDS
British Standards Institution: BS where noted;
American Standard: ASTM where noted;
German Standard: DIN where noted.
DESIGN BY CONTRACTOR
The Contractor shall include in the submission of the tender, for the Engineer’s review, his proposed
design of ground anchors in connection with temporary earth retaining system for excavation works. Unit
rates of ground anchors shall be based on the allowable anchor forces required for the safe and adequate
performance of the temporary retaining system. The Contractor’s submission of calculations and shop
drawing shall include the following information:
Anchor Layout;
Anchor design details;
Anchor structural and geotechnical design capacity;
Grade and properties of the tendon material;
Percent of tendon ultimate load at working load;
Method and details of anchor fabrication;
Method and details of proposed grouting procedure;
Grout/concrete - cement type, strength, additives;
Anchor load, length, and bond material;
Anchor free stressing length and de-bonding details;
Initial pre-stress of anchor;
Anchor bond design details;
Endorsement by the Contractor’s Professional Engineer;
Method statement stating describing in detail the methodology of installing the anchors during the
excavation works;
Any other information required by the Engineer in his review of the Contractor’s design;
Assessment for minimum 2 year design life and up to 5 years; and,
Anchor head protection.
The Contractor’s design calculation and specifications shall comply fully with relevant recommendations
of BS 8081:1989 British Standard Code of Practice for Ground Anchorages, the requirements of the
Engineer’s specifications and Conditions of Contract. In matters not specifically covered by the BSI, DIN,

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ASTM and the Engineer’s specifications, the Contractor’s design shall be in accordance with accepted
principles of good engineering practice. It shall be the Contractor’s responsibility to clearly itemize those
matters.
The review of the Contractor’s design by the Engineer does not in any way absolve or reduce the duties
and responsibilities of the Contractor to ensure the safety and adequacy of his works.
METHOD STATEMENTS FOR CONSTRUCTION OPERATIONS
Prior to commencement of works, the Contractor shall submit to the Engineer a detailed method
statement for the installation of ground anchors. For purpose of this Clause, a method statement shall
be a document containing:
A detailed construction sequence;

Proposed drilling method;
Proposed installation method;
Proposed stressing method and equipment;
Proposed provisions for stressing or distressing;
Material, plant and labour requirements at each construction stage;
Rate of production output based on resources allocated, such as the average output in linear metres
of installed anchors per drilling frame per normal working day;
Shop drawings showing, among other things, details of all special requirements for the construction
activities; and,
Method of testing.
The Engineer shall during the execution of the works require the Contractor to submit detailed method
statements of other construction operations. If requested by the Engineer, the Contractor shall submit,
within such times, and in such detail as the Engineer may reasonably require, such information pertaining
to the methods of construction (including the use of construction plant) which the Contractor proposes to
use, and such calculations of the stresses and deflections that will arise in the temporary works or any
part thereof during construction from the use of such methods, as will enable the Engineer to decide
whether the shoring works can be executed with safety and in accordance with the contract if the methods
are adhered to, and without detriment to the shoring works when completed.
The Engineer shall inform the Contractor in writing within 14 days after receipt of the Contractor’s method
statement either.
That the Contractor’s proposed methods have the consent of the Engineer; or
In what respect, in the opinion of the Engineer, the proposed methods fail to meet the requirements
of the contract.
In the latter event, the Contractor shall take such steps or make such changes in the proposed methods
as may be necessary to meet the Engineer’s requirements and obtain his consent. The Contractor shall
not change the methods that have received the Engineer’s consent without further consent in writing of
the Engineer, which shall not be unreasonably withheld. Works shall commence at such times when and
not before the Engineer has given his consent to the method of construction.
Consent by the Engineer of the Contractor’s proposed methods of construction in accordance with this
Clause shall not in any way relieve the Contractor of any of his duties or responsibilities under the
Contract.
EQUIPMENT LABOUR
The Contractor shall provide all frames, equipment, lifting devices and labour necessary for the
installation, grouting and testing of anchors.

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The Contractor shall satisfy the Engineer regarding the suitability, efficiency and operational capability of
the anchor installation equipment. The Contractor shall be required to provide adequate numbers of
operational drilling frames to ensure that the works are completed within the time period stipulated in the
accepted construction program. The Contractor is deemed to have made provision for the availability of
standby plant at all times to allow for the contingency of equipment failure.
The Engineer shall order the removal or replacement of equipment or staff whenever he is of the opinion
that such equipment and staff are not suitable for the works. Equipment found to have a consistent record
of breakdowns shall be removed from the site.
INSPECTION AND TESTING
The Engineer shall inspect the installation of anchors and will monitor anchor stressing acceptance tests
to ensure that the Contractor’s anchor design and construction method will produce the suitable
anchorage system in the soil/rock conditions encountered on site.
The testing of concrete and grout shall be in accordance with the provisions for works concrete in the
General Concrete Specification.
COMPLIANCE INSPECTION
The Engineer shall carry out inspection to ensure that the Contractor follows the accepted shop drawings
and good engineering practice.
ACCEPTABILITY
Acceptance test shall be carried out on all ground anchors; in accordance to BS 8081. Failure of an
anchor to meet acceptance test criteria will result in rejection of the anchor in question. Consistent failure
of a given anchor type require reassessment of the anchor design and installation practices.
MATERIALS
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
The requirements listed in the following clauses shall apply, wherever relevant, to materials used in all
anchors except when otherwise agreed by the Engineer. The handling, storage and use of materials shall
comply with manufacturers’ instructions. An anchor shall not contain materials that are mutually
incompatible with each other and the surrounding environment.
A valve system with appropriate seals shall be used for the installation of ground anchors below the
groundwater table so that the pressure within the drill hole equalizes with the hydrostatic groundwater
pressure.
END ANCHORAGE
Grout Bonded Ground Anchor – this type of anchor has been shown within the Construction drawings;
the Contractor shall submit detailed, method statements, design calculations and detailed drawings
showing the anchor design to the Engineer requirements.
Mechanical Anchorage – The Contractor may include within his proposal a mechanical end anchorage
by expansion shell or wedge type for ground anchors. The Contractor shall submit method statements,
design calculations and drawings for review and acceptance by the Engineer.
Resin Grouting Anchorage – The Contractor may include within his proposal the alternative use of resin
capsule grouting for end anchorage for short anchors or a combination with mechanical ground
anchorage. The Contractor shall submit method statements, design calculations and drawings for review
and acceptance by the Engineer.

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TENDONS
Pre-stressing tendons shall comply with the following:
High tensile steel wire and wire stand with a minimum tensile strength of 180 N/mm 2 to BS 5896 :
1980
Wire steel strand to BS 4757 : 1971.
Hot rolled or hot rolled and processed high tensile alloy steel bars to BS 4486 : 1980.
Steel wire and wire strand shall be in coils of sufficiently large diameter to ensure that the steel wire and
wire strand are straight.
Alloy steel bars shall be straight.
A certificate shall be submitted to the Engineer containing the following particulars on the pre-stressing
tendons:
The manufacturer’s name and the date and place of manufacture;

Cast analysis;
Diameter, cross sectional area and unit mass;
Results of test for mechanical properties, including the characteristic breaking load, characteristic
0.1% proof load, elongation at maximum load, relaxation and modulus of elasticity; and,
Results of tests for ductility of pre-stressing wires.CEMENT GROUT
Cement used for grouting anchors shall have good bond strength and shear strength to ensure good
contact with the ground and tendons and have minimal bleeding.
Grout shall consist of ordinary Portland cement and water with a water/cement ratio of 0.40-0.45. Sand,
PFA and high alumina cement shall not be used unless accepted by the Engineer.
Water shall be taken from the public supply of potable water and shall be at least to the quality specified
in BS 3148:1980.
Admixtures shall comply with the requirements of BS 5075: Part 1 : 1982 and BS 5075: Part 3: 1985 and
shall only be used with the prior agreement of the Engineer.
The total sulphate (SO3) and chloride contents shall be determined by the method described in BS 1881:
Part 6: 1971. The total nitrate content shall be determined by the method described in ASTM D 4327-84.
Grout cubes of 100mm size shall be prepared and cured in accordance with BS 1881 : Part 3: 1970, and
the strength if grout cubes shall be tested in accordance with BS 1881 : Part 4 : 1970. The grout shall
have a minimum compressive strength measured on 100mm cubes of 40 N/mm2 at 28 days and comply
with BS 8081:1989 Clause 7.1. Collection of grout shall be from the grout overflowing from the drill hole
unless otherwise agreed by the Engineer.
Admixture, if used, shall be provided at the Contractor’s own expense. Admixtures shall impart to the
grout the properties of low water content, good flow ability, minimum bleeding and controlled expansion.
Its formulation shall contain no chlorides or other chemicals in quantities that may have harmful effects
on the cement or prestressing steel. The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer the manufacturer’s
literature indicating the type of admixture and the manufacturer’s recommendations for mixing the
admixture with the grout. All admixtures shall be used in accordance with the instructions of the
manufacturer.
GREASES
Will be required as corrosion protection for all anchors with expectant design life exceeding 2 years.

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PLASTICS
Sheathing, ducting and other plastic components for tendon protection shall be made from high density
thermoplastic material and the wall thickness shall be at least 1.0mm.
The finished internal and external surfaces of the sheathing and ducting shall be smooth, clean and free
from flaws, pin holes, bubbles, cracks and other defects. The material used shall be homogeneous,
thermally stable and chemically inert and shall be resistant to chemical, bacterial and fungal attack.
Sheathing, ducting and other plastic protective components shall not contain any substances that will
promote corrosion.
All plastics to be used in an anchor shall be accompanied by test certificates to show that the material
complies with the requirements stated in Table 1. Plastics shall be used in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions.
All plastics used in an anchor shall be resistant to slip in the region of the fixed anchor length and shall
be capable of withstanding the effect of load transfer.
The Contractor shall also provide the following information:
Product identification details (including name of manufacturer, brand name, type and date of
manufacture of product);
Outer and inner diameter;
Wall thickness;
Amplitude and pitch, in mm, for corrugated sheathing or ducting;
Standard length in meters; and,
Jointing details.
SYSTEM COMPONENTS
GENERAL
The anchor shall be designed to provide an ultimate load holding capacity of not less than required within
the Contractor’s design.
FREE AND FIXED ANCHOR LENGTH
The free anchor length is the distance between the anchor head and the proximal end of the grout. The
fixed anchor length is the length of the anchorage over which the tensile load is capable of being
transmitted to the surrounding ground. The fixed anchor length shall not be less than 3m for all anchors
subjected to acceptance tests and shall not exceed 10m according to BS design guidelines.
Corrosion measures will be required for ground anchors that will have a design life of more than 2 years.
The Contractor shall coordinate with the Client on the likely design life the temporary structures will be
required for. The applied protective measures shall not restrict any stressing or destressing operation
nor be damaged by it. The corrosion protection measures shall apply to all components of the anchor
structure.
SPACERS AND CENTRALISERS
Spacers shall be provided on the multi-tendon anchors to ensure separation between the individual
components, and to ensure individual tendons are positioned uniformly over the cross-section of the drill
hole.

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Centralisers shall be provided on multi-tendon anchors to ensure separation between the individual
components, and to ensure individual tendons are positioned uniformly over the cross section of the drill
hole.
Centralisers shall be provided on the tendon at suitable intervals to meet the following requirements:
Within the fixed anchor length, the tendon shall be positioned in the grout column so that a minimum
grout cover to the tendon of 10 mm is maintained.
Within the design free anchor length, there shall be a minimum clearance of 10mm between the
tendon and the sides of the drill hole or casing.
ANCHOR HEAD COMPONENTS
The anchor head components which retain the force in the stressed tendon shall comply with the
requirements of BS 4447: 1973.
The anchor head shall be designed so as not to induce secondary stresses in the tendon. Wedges (or
spherical washers) should be fitted between anchor head and support plinth, unless the anchor head
permits compensation for angular deviations of the tendon from the axial position.
SUBMISSION OF ALTERNATE SYSTEMS FOR ACCEPTANCE

Alternate systems if any, shall be included in the submission of the tender for the Engineer’s review. If
the design is agreed in principle, the alternate system shall be included in the Contract Documents.
In principle, acceptance of a design submission does not relieve the Contractor in any way from providing
an anchor system of adequate performance and consistent with the specification.
No Extension of Time for Completion or additional payment shall be provided for alternative systems
proposed by the Contractor.
ANCHORAGES
Anchor plates and nuts shall be compatible with the pre-stressing system used. Anchorage components
shall develop at least 95% of the minimum guaranteed ultimate strength of the tendon.
Both smooth and corrugated plastic sheathing shall terminate inside a metal sleeve attached to the back
of the anchor plate. Enough unsheathed length of the tendon shall be left within the metal sleeve to allow
tightening of the anchor nut when the tendon elongates during stressing.
EQUIPMENT
GENERAL
All stressing equipment must be used in accordance with the specifications of the manufacturer and
Clause 9 of BS 8081:1989 and must at all times be maintained in good condition.
The pumps, jacks and all tensioning equipment shall be calibrated. All calibrations must be conducted
by an accepted laboratory with necessary equipment and must be certified. The calibrations shall be
carried out no longer than three months prior to using the equipment on site. If any incidents occur during
transportation, handling or tensioning which may have caused damage, the equipment must be
recalibrated. The Engineer will direct the use of load cell to recalibrate stressing equipment or reject the
equipment if the calibration submitted is not acceptable.
Anchor stressing shall be in the manner specified in the accepted shop drawing. Stressing shall not be
carried out until the grout has reached its specific strength.

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FABRICATING AND PLACING
All equipment used for fabrication, handling and placing shall be such that it will not damage the anchor
tendons.
GROUTING EQUIPMENT
The grouting equipment shall be capable of continuous mechanical mixing to produce a grout free of
lumps and undispersed cement. A manifold system with a series of valves and calibrated pressure gauge
with a capacity of 10N/mm2 shall permit continuous circulation and pumping of grouting with accurate
control of grout pressure.
STRESSING EQUIPMENT
Stressing equipment shall be capable of applying at least the specified test load to the anchor tendon. A
calibrated pressure gauge indicating the hydraulic jack pressure should, as a minimum requirement,
comply with Class 2 of BS 1780. They should be supplied with a calibration certificate and shall read to
an accuracy of at least ±3% of the load applied.
ANCHOR FABRICATION
Anchors shall be either shop fabricated or field fabricated in accordance with accepted shop drawings,
using personnel trained and qualified in this type of work.
Anchors shall be free of dirt, detrimental rust or any other deleterious substance.
Anchors shall be handled and protected prior to installation in such a manner as to avoid corrosion and
physical damage thereto.
All field joints of the corrosion protection shall be made watertight by an epoxy bonding compound or
equivalent.
DRILLING
Holes for anchors may be formed by driving or drilling method. The drilling method used shall be
subjected to the agreement of the Engineer. Full temporary casing shall be installed to maintain a clean
and open shaft and prevent wash out of fines outside the casing in all holes. Grouting shall be carried
out with the temporary casing inside the hole and after fresh grout emerge from the hole, then only
temporary casing can be slowly retrieved while grouting continues. Any alternative method shall be
accepted by the Engineer.
Drillholes for ground anchors shall be provided in accordance with the Drawings. The drillhole entry point
shall be positioned within a tolerance of ±100mm. Deviation in alignment shall not exceed 1 in 30.
Deviation from straight shall not exceed 20mm in a 3m length of drillhole.
The Contractor shall keep a record of all drilling procedures and times, which shall be made available to
the Engineer.
ANCHOR INSTALLATION
GENERAL
The installation of the tendons shall be supervised by suitably qualified personnel familiar with this type
of work. The curricula vitae of the personnel shall be submitted to the Engineer before commencement
of work.

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All equipment used for handling and insertion of the anchor shall be such that it will not damage the
anchor tendon.
Grout tubes shall be flushed with water or compressed air to ensure that they are clear.
The anchor bonded lengths as indicated in the accepted design submissions shall be considered the
minimum bonded lengths, and shall be located within the specified bond zone of the anchorage stratum.
The Contractor shall maintain a record showing the anchor type, length, position and installation date for
each anchor. The installation of anchor should be inspected or witnessed by the Engineer on the following
stages
End of bore;
Insertion of tendon;
Grouting; and,
Completion of installation.
WATER TESTING AND PREGROUTING
The drill hole of 5% of the anchors shall be subjected to a water test to determine the likelihood of grout
loss around the fixed length. However, the Engineer may agree to limit this test following consistent
results in tests already undertaken and/or in exceptional ground conditions and/or where the Anchor
System installation method statement provides an alternative.
The test shall be carried out in accordance with BS 8081:1989 Clause 10.4.2 and also Appendix E.1.
The test shall be carried out by the application of a net water pressure of one atmosphere (100kPa), or
a lower pressure agreed by the Engineer, at the proximal end of the fixed length which shall be
maintained for a period of ten minutes. The water loss in this period shall not exceed 50 litres. The net
water pressure shall be the difference between the applied test pressure and the existing water pressure
in the drill hole.
The test may be undertaken using a drillhole packer to seal off the section under test. Alternatively, it
may be carried out by using the net pressure defined above through filing the drill hole with water, The
volume of water required to maintain a constant head shall then be measured and shall not exceed 50
litres over ten minutes.
Should the test fail, the fixed anchor length shall be grouted under a pressure not exceeding a pressure
agreed by the Engineer. The drillhole shall then be flushed or drilled out, and the water test re-applied.
A full record of the water test shall be submitted to the Engineer.
INSERTION OF ANCHOR
The Engineer shall be given assistance in his inspection of the drillhole and shall be provided with the
records for drilling and water testing prior to the Contractor seeking his acceptance.
If the drillhole proves unacceptable, the Contractor shall seek instruction from the Engineer as to whether
the hole is to be grouted and re-drilled, re-provided as a drainage hole or grouted and abandoned. Once
the drillhole has been accepted, the Contractor shall proceed to insert the anchor.
The anchor shall be inserted within 24 hours of completion of the drilling except where otherwise agreed
by the Engineer. The anchor shall be handled with care. During insertion, it shall be installed at a
controlled rate to avoid damage to itself and the drillhole.
The anchor shall be positioned in accordance with the requirements of Clause 3.3 and shall be secured
to prevent further movement.

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GROUTING
GENERAL
Grout shall consist of materials specified in Clause 2.4
The grout shall not remain in the mixer for a period exceeding 4 minutes, failing which it shall be rejected.
Pressure grouting to the bonded section of the anchor is required to ensure the grout will not be washed
away from the tendon.
The primary grout shall be pumped into the anchor hole through a grout pipe provided for that purpose
until the hole is filled to the top of the anchorage zone. The grout shall always be injected at the lowest
point on the bond length. Provisions shall be made for determining the level of the top of the primary
grout to assure adequate anchorage. After grouting, the hydrostatic pressure due to gravity of the grout
body will be 0.02 N/mm2 per vertical metre and this shall be considered when assessing the effective
grout pressure at the lowest point of the bond length.
The free stressing length shall be flushed out to remove any excess grout above the bond length with
special provided flushing tubes. The void of the free-stressing length shall be filled with a low strength
bentonite cement grout.
After grouting, the anchors shall remain in an undisturbed condition until the necessary grout strengths
have been achieved.
BLEEDING, FREE EXPANSION AND FLUIDITY
The grout shall not be subjected to bleeding in excess of 0.5% by volume three hours after mixing or 1%
maximum when measured at 20˚C in a covered glass or metal cylinder of 100mm internal diameter and
with a grout depth of approximately 100mm. In addition the water shall be re-absorbed within 24 hours.
Free expansion of the grout shall not exceed 10% at the ambient temperature (20˚C).
Fluidity of the grout shall be tested in accordance with methods agreed by the Engineer. Except with prior
agreement of the Engineer, for grouts containing admixtures, the afflux time of the grout shall not be less
than 15 seconds.
SAMPLING FOR TESTS ON BLEEDING, FREE EXPANSION, FLUIDITY AND STRENGTH
At least one sample of grout shall be obtained for each Acceptance Test anchor. In the case of
Acceptance Test anchors, at least one sample shall be taken from each fresh grout batch used to grout
the first five anchors. Thereafter, another sample shall be taken for every five additional anchors grouted
with the same batch. The samples shall be taken not more than one hour after the grout has been mixed.
If directed by the Engineer, the grout may have to be sampled from the fresh grout flow out from the
drillhole when the grouting process is near completion. Each specimen shall be tested to determine the
amount of bleeding, free expansion and fluidity.
A set of three grout cubes shall be prepared for cube strength determination in accordance with Clause
2.4 from each sample of grout taken.
TRIAL GROUT MIXES
A trial grout mix shall be carried out in accordance with Clause 2.4 using the designed water-cement
ratio and admixtures (if any) and the proposed grouting equipment to be used for the Contract.
One sample of the grout from the trial mix shall be divided into three specimens and each specimen shall
be tested to show compliance with the bleeding, free expansion and fluidity requirements stated in Clause
10.2

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One sample of the grout from the trial mix shall be taken for determination of the grout cube strength to
show compliance with the requirements in Clause 2.4.
One sample of the grout from the trial mix shall be divided into three specimens and each specimen shall
be tested to show compliance with the total sulphate (SO 3), chloride and nitrate contents requirements
stated in Clause 2.4.
Results of the trial grout mix tests showing the degree of compliance with the Specification shall be
submitted to the Engineer at least two weeks before the commencement of grouting.
GROUT MIXING
Batching of the dry materials shall be by weight. The amount of water used shall be measured by a
calibrated flowmeter or a measuring tank.
The procedure to be followed for mixing the grout shall be that approximately two-thirds of the cement
shall be added to the water, followed by the admixtures, if any, followed by the remaining third of cement.
The grout shall be mixed in a mechanical mixer capable of imparting a high shear action to the grout
components so that a colloidal grout of uniform consistency is produced in a mixing time of less than five
minutes.
The grout mixing process shall utilise a recirculating system where the grout is continuously discharged
and recharged into the mixing unit during the mixing period.
After mixing, the grout shall be kept continuously agitated.
The grout shall be passed through a nominal 1.2mm sieve prior to injection. The grout shall be used as
soon as possible after mixing and in any case within 30 minutes of adding cement unless otherwise
agreed by the Engineer.
GROUT INJECTION EQUIPMENT
The pump used for grout injection shall be of the positive displacement type, i.e. it shall be actuated by
a piston or screw. A flowmeter and a pressure gauge shall be provided. The Engineer’s acceptance of
the equipment shall be obtained prior to its use.
GROUTING PROCEDURES
The grouting operation shall be undertaken within 24 hours of the anchor being inserted except where
otherwise agreed by the Engineer. The procedure adopted shall ensure that there are no air or water
inclusions left in the grouted zone.
The grouting pressure adopted shall be the minimum consistent with undertaking the operation and shall
avoid damage to surrounding buildings, land, structure, street and services.
Grouting shall proceed at a slow, steady rate and shall continue until injected grout of the same
composition and consistency as that mixed has been emerging from the outlet for at least one minute.
GROUTING RECORD
A record giving full details of the grouting operation for each anchor shall be supplied to the Engineer
prior to a request seeking his acceptance of the anchor.
The record shall contain all the necessary information as required by the standards including grout
volume against theoretical volume.

17 JUNE 2021
FITTING ANCHOR HEAD

The anchor head and its associated components shall be fitted concentrically to the tendon within a
tolerance of ± 5mm and perpendicular to the tendon within a tolerance of ±3 degrees. Any leakage of
water/fluid from the anchor hole or anchor head shall be sealed by accepted method.
ANCHOR TESTING
GENERAL
There are two classes of tests for all anchorages as follows:
On-site suitability tests; and,

On-site acceptance tests.
On-site suitability tests are carried out on anchorage constructed under identical conditions as the
working anchorages are loaded in the same way to the same level. These may be carried out in advance
of the Contract or on selected working anchorages during the first anchors being installed and during the
course of the construction. The period of monitoring should be sufficient to ensure that prestress or creep
fluctuations stabilise with tolerable limits. These tests indicate the results that should be obtained from
the working anchorages.
On site acceptance tests are carried out in accordance with British Standard for Ground Anchorages BS
8081:1989. Testing of anchor shall not be carried out until the grout has reached its specified strength.
For all testing, load cell shall be used to measure the load and measurement of displacement shall be
carried out using both steel ruler and dial gauges unless otherwise agreed by the Engineer.
ON-SITE SUITABILITY TESTS
On-site suitability tests shall be carried out at each wall location to prove the suitability of the anchorages
for the conditions on site. On-site suitability tests may be applied to anchorages to be used in the works
or they may be additional and provided under the contract. The anchorages shall be constructed in
exactly the same way and located in the same ground conditions as the working anchorages and shall
be used as reference anchorages against which the performance of the working anchorages can be
judged.
At least three anchorages shall be subjected to suitability tests at each wall location at various elevations
with further tests for each category of anchorages envisaged in the works.
Anchorages for suitability tests shall be proof loaded to 1.5 to 2 times the working load subject to the
agreement of the Engineer.
Suitability tests shall be carried out and interpreted in accordance with British Standard Code of Practice
for Ground Anchorage BS 8081:1989 Clause 11.3 unless otherwise agreed by the Engineer.
ON-SITE ACCEPTANCE TESTS
All anchorages (100%) shall be subjected to acceptance test before locking off at transfer load.
Acceptance tests shall be carried out and interpreted in accordance with British Standard Code of
Practice for Ground Anchorages BS 8081:1989 Clause 11.4 unless otherwise stated in this specification.
Acceptance tests shall include creep testing and lift off test.
The Contractor shall maintain access and have the capability to conduct lift off tests, and to re-stress or
distress anchors at a location as requested by the Engineer.
The anchors shall be capable of sustaining over the entire period of construction the design working load
with a factor of safety of 2.0 both for anchor tendon and for the anchorage bond of grout to soil.

17 JUNE 2021
Failure to meet the acceptance criteria shall constitute a failure of the anchor installation. In this event,
the Contractor shall submit his method of remedial work or replacement of anchor to the satisfaction of
the Engineer.
TABLE 1 - PROPERTIES OF PLASTICS
Property Test Method Unit Acceptance Criterion

PVC PP HDPE
3
Density BS 2782 : Part 6 : Kg/m 1350-1400 900-910 950-940
1980, Method 620A
Tensile strength at BS 2782 : Part 3 : MPa ≥ 45 ≥ 30 ≥ 29
yield at 23°C (Straining 1976, Method 320C
rate 50mm/min.)
Softening point (Vicat) BS 2782 : Part 1 : °C ≥ 75 ≥ 150 ≥ 110
1976, Method 120A
Hardness (Shore D) BS 2782 : Part 3 : - ≥ 65
1981, Method 365B
Brittleness ASTM D 746 - 79 °C ≥ 5°C
Temperature
Environmental Stress ASTM D 1693 - 70 Hrs 200 (No cracking).
cracking resistance (1980)
Fungal resistance ASTM G 21-70 - Rating 1 or less(2)
(1980)
Bacteria resistance ASTM G 22-7 - No bacterial growth on surface of specimen
(1980) procedure ‘B’
Water absorption at 23 ASTM D 570 - 81 % increase in Max. 0.5%
± 1°C (Long term weight
immersion)
Hydrostatic pressure BS 6437 : 1984 - No localised swelling leaking or weeping
resistance
Note: 1) PVC = polyvinal chloride ; PP = polypropylene; HDPE = high density polythylene
2) Observed traces of fungal growth shall not cover more than 10% of the surface area.
3) Manufacturer’s certificated in respect of all the properties listed in the table shall be
presented to show compliance with this Specification.
END OF SECTION

17 JUNE 2021

Rua Al Madinah Geotech Specs

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RUA AL MADINAH

RUA AL MADINAH PROJECT

17 JUNE 2021 CONFIDENTIAL

PROJECT NO.: 55001860

T: +971 4 523 1999

ISSUE/REVISION FIRST ISSUE REVISION 1 REVISION 2 REVISION 3 REVISION 4

Remarks Tender Issue Tender Issue Tender Issued for

Date 3 November 23 November 10 December 17 June 2021

Prepared by Karim Boualem Karim Boualem Karim Boualem Karim Boualem

Checked by Imraan Motara/ Imraan Motara/ Imraan Motara/ Imraan Motara/

Authorised by Mahmoud Mahmoud Mahmoud Mahmoud Barakat

Project number 55001860 55001860 55001860 55001860

Report number 027 027 027 027

File reference 55001860-KB- 55001860-KB- 55001860-KB- 55001860-KB-027-

Senior Project Manager Mahmoud Barakat

Design Manager Melvyn Dsouza

Head of Ground Engineering Imraan Motara

Principal Consultant - Ground Engineering Karim Boualem

INFRASTRUCTURE EARLY WORKS PACKAGE - SPECIFICATIONS WSP

Rua Al Madinah Holding Co.

200 Sayed Ash Shuhada District, Unit No 6,

INFRASTRUCTURE EARLY WORKS PACKAGE - SPECIFICATIONS WSP

VOLUME 1 : TENDER AND CONDITIONS OF CONTRACT

VOLUME 2 : Part A and B SCOPE OF WORK

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS - APPENDICES

PARTICULAR SPECIFICATION - GEOTECHNICAL

VOLUME 3 : BILLS OF QUANTITIES

INFRASTRUCTURE EARLY WORKS PACKAGE - SPECIFICATIONS WSP

INFRASTRUCTURE EARLY WORKS PACKAGE - SPECIFICATIONS WSP

CONTENTS 1.1 Section 31 09 00 – Geotechnical Instrumentation &

1.2 Section 31 23 00 – Excavation and Fill .......................................3

1.3 Section 31 23 19 – Dewatering ........................................................4

1.4 Section 31 32 00 – Soil Stabilisation (Reinforced

1.5 Section 31 41 00 – Shoring............................................................... 6

1.6 Section 31 51 16 – Ground Anchors ...............................................7

INFRASTRUCTURE EARLY WORKS PACKAGE - SPECIFICATIONS WSP

INFRASTRUCTURE EARLY WORKS PACKAGE - SPECIFICATIONS WSP

INFRASTRUCTURE EARLY WORKS PACKAGE - SPECIFICATIONS WSP

SECTION 31 09 00 – GEOTECHNICAL INSTRUMENTATION & MONITORING ............................................... 2

ISSUED FOR CONSTRUCTION SECTION 310900 / Page 1 GEOTECHNICAL INSTRUMENTATION

SECTION 31 09 00 – GEOTECHNICAL INSTRUMENTATION & MONITORING

Related Work Sections and Documentation

Section 312300 Excavation and Fill;

References, codes and standards

This Section includes the following aspect of the project:

ISSUED FOR CONSTRUCTION SECTION 310900 / Page 2 GEOTECHNICAL INSTRUMENTATION

Instrumentation Zone is defined as a portion of an excavation containing monitoring instrumentation.

ISSUED FOR CONSTRUCTION SECTION 310900 / Page 3 GEOTECHNICAL INSTRUMENTATION

Action and Information Submittals

ISSUED FOR CONSTRUCTION SECTION 310900 / Page 4 GEOTECHNICAL INSTRUMENTATION

Instrument Installation Data:

ISSUED FOR CONSTRUCTION SECTION 310900 / Page 5 GEOTECHNICAL INSTRUMENTATION

All non-recoverable Instrumentation used shall be new at the time of installation.

Accuracy of survey work required:

ISSUED FOR CONSTRUCTION SECTION 310900 / Page 6 GEOTECHNICAL INSTRUMENTATION

INSTRUMENTATION AND MONITORING RATIONALE

Instrumentation Type Rationale

ISSUED FOR CONSTRUCTION SECTION 310900 / Page 7 GEOTECHNICAL INSTRUMENTATION

Instrumentation Type Rationale

DATA ACQUISITION, PROCESSING AND REPORTING

Data Management System

ISSUED FOR CONSTRUCTION SECTION 310900 / Page 8 GEOTECHNICAL INSTRUMENTATION

Inner and outer steel pipes conforming to ASTM standard.