GRAMMAR FILE UNIT 1

REFERENCE adverbs of frequency

always 100%
present simple usually
We use the present simple for habits, repeated actions and routines,
and for things that are always true. often
positive sometimes
I/We/You/They sing.
not often
He/She/It sings.
not usually
negative never 0%
I/We/You/They don’t sing.
Adverbs of frequency come:
He/She/It doesn’t sing.
A before the main verb.
He usually takes photos at home.
questions B after the verb be.
Do I/we/you/they sing? She is always nervous before she performs.
Does he/she/it sing?
Adverbs of frequency usually appear in the
middle of a sentence.
short answers The trains are never late.
Yes, I/we/you/they do. We usually fly our kites on the beach.
he/she/it does. But they can also appear in front or end
position.
No, I/we/you/they don’t.
Sometimes he plays the piano.
he/she/it doesn’t.
Why don’t you cook dinner more often?
We use the present simple to talk about:
We can add -ly to adjectives to say how
A something that is always or usually true. something happens.
She lives in England. quick – quickly slow – slowly quiet – quietly
B a habit or routine. She speaks quickly.
He plays football every Saturday. Some adjectives don’t change: hard – hard,
The present simple can be used with adverbs of frequency: always, fast – fast, high – high, late – late, early – early.
never, sometimes, ever, usually, often. She likes getting up early.
Adverbs of frequency say how often something happens and answer the Some adjectives are irregular: good – well.
question: How often?
I usually play video games on Saturday. much/many
In summer, I sometimes go fishing. Much is a quantity word meaning a large
I never go swimming. I don’t like it. amount of. We use much with uncountable
nouns.
How much free time does she have?
They didn’t have much fun at the party.
Many is a quantity word meaning a large
number (of). We use many with countable
nouns.
How many students go to chess club?
She doesn’t have many books.

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PRACTICE 4 Rewrite the sentences. Put the adverbs in
brackets in the correct place.
1 Grace goes to camera club on
present simple; adverbs of frequency Wednesdays. (always)
1 Complete the conversation with the present simple form of the
verbs in brackets. 2 We watch films in the morning. (never)
Tim: What 1 you (do) in your free time?
Oliver: I2 (like) reading and playing cards. 3 They aren’t late. (usually)
Tim: 3
your sister (play) cards?
Oliver: No, she doesn’t. She 4 (not like) cards. 4 My mum sings in the car. (often)
Tim: What 5 your sister (do) in her
free time? 5 Table tennis club is on a Friday. (always)
Oliver: She likes cooking. She 6 (bake) cakes all the time.

2 Complete the text with the present simple form of these verbs. 6 William doesn’t go shopping. (often)

go (x2) like (x2) listen not be not buy not sound spend
much/many
Anna usually 1 her free time with her friends. They 5 Complete the questions with much
sometimes 2 to the cinema on Fridays. On Saturday or many.
mornings she always 3 to town with her friends. Anna 1 How clubs do you go to?
4
usually anything! In the afternoon Anna 2 How free time do you have?
and her friends often 5
to music in her bedroom. They 3 How boys are in your class?
6
singing their favourite songs, but they 7 4 How time do you spend
very good! When Anna 8 with her friends she playing video games?
9
playing video games. 5 How times a year do you
go to the cinema?
3 Choose the correct words to complete the sentences. 6 How music do you have on
your phone?
1 My dad doesn’t like watching films. He doesn’t often go /
usually goes to the cinema. 6 Complete the email. Write one word for
2 Toby never / always plays his guitar after eleven o’clock at night each gap.
because everyone is in bed.
3 Katy often plays / doesn’t often play table tennis after school. To: Ed From: Alex
It’s her favourite hobby.
4 Matt and David always / sometimes watch cartoons, but not all Hi Ed,
the time.
Do you 1 to come to table
5 My family usually / don’t often go camping in the summer
tennis club with me? I 2
because we love being outside.
every Monday after school. There aren’t
6 I always / sometimes dance on Saturday mornings. I have a dance 3
people in the group
lesson every Saturday at 9 a.m. and they’re very friendly. It doesn’t
cost 4 money – it’s only
£1.50 a week. It starts at 4.30 p.m.
and 5 at 5.30 p.m. What
6
you think?
Alex

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GRAMMAR FILE UNIT 2

REFERENCE We use the present continuous to talk about:

A something happening now.
Wait a minute. I’m texting my friend.
present continuous I’m not doing anything at the moment.
positive What are you doing right now?
I ’m B temporary situations.
He/She/It ’s talking. Mr Evans is teaching computer class because Miss Hill is
on holiday.
We/You/They ’re
Tom isn’t playing football today because he’s ill.
What book are you reading in your English class at the
negative moment?
I ’m not C something happening in a picture/photo.
He/She/It isn’t talking. In this photo, I’m sitting next to my best friend.
We/You/They aren’t We use the verb be (am, is, are) + main verb + -ing.
We often use the short form of be: I’m, you’re, he’s, she’s, etc.
questions We often use the present continuous with these time
Am I phrases: right now, at the moment, now, today.
For most verbs, we just add -ing.
Is he/she/it talking?
look: I’m looking out of the window.
Are we/you/they
play: They’re playing football.
Remember the spelling rules for verbs + -ing:
short answers
I am. most verbs add -ing catch – catching
Yes, he/she/it is. verbs ending in -e remove the final -e take – taking
we/you/they are. verbs ending in -ie change -ie to -y lie – lying
I ’m not. verbs ending in double the final hit – hitting
one vowel and consonant*
No, he/she/it isn’t.
one consonant
we/you/they aren’t.
*
Exceptions include open – opening, happen – happening,
listen – listening where the stress is on the first syllable.

present simple and present

continuous
We use the present simple for a regular activities.
She usually leaves the house at 8 a.m.
And we use the present continuous for now, today, around
this time or for temporary situations.
Today she’s leaving the house at 7.30 a.m.

question words with the present

continuous
Question words go before the verb be.

question word be subject verb

What are you doing?
Where are they going?
Who is she talking to?

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PRACTICE present simple and present
continuous
present continuous 4 Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.
1 Complete the short answers. 1 Can you use the laptop in a minute? I ’m writing /
1 A: Are you doing your homework? write an email.
B: No, I . I’m just surfing the internet. 2 I ’m getting / get a new mobile phone every twelve
months.
2 A: Is Ewan playing on the computer?
3 Every time you ’re clicking / click on this link, an
B: Yes, he . He’s playing with his friends.
advert comes on the screen.
3 A: Are you texting your friend?
4 Can you be quiet? I ’m watching / watch a film on my
B: Yes, I . He’s late! laptop.
4 A: Are we going the right way? 5 Smile and say ‘Cheese!’ I ’m taking / take a photo!
B: No, we . Look at the map on my 6 I’m usually checking / I usually check my emails
phone. when I wake up.
5 A: Is Amy using my headphones again?
B: No, she . She’s using my headphones. 5 Complete the questions with the present simple or
present continuous form of the verbs in brackets.
6 A: Are they chatting online?
1 How many messages you
B: Yes, they . They’re talking to their
(send) every day on your phone?
friends in the USA.
2 I can hear a noise. your phone
2 Complete the sentences with the present continuous (ring)?
form of the verbs in brackets. 3 Which website you (visit)
1 At the moment we (learn) how to make the most?
an app. 4 Harriet (play) video
2 The children (not listen) to the teacher. games at the moment?
3 Anna (show) her friends her favourite 5 What apps you often
vlog. (use)?
4 We (build) a robot. Do you want to 6 Why you (take) your
help? tablet to school today?
5 I (not feel) very well. Can you text my 6 Complete the email with the present simple or
mum? present continuous form of these verbs.
6 My sister (use) her new speakers. Her
music is really loud! be ​
enjoy ​
have (x2) ​
rain stand ​
stay ​
visit
3 Make sentences in the present continuous to
complete the conversation.
  To: Amelie    From: Yvonne
Adam: Hi, Zara. 1 (you / enjoy / computer
club)?
Hi!
Zara: Hi, Adam. Yes, I love it! 2 (we / learn /
so many new things)! you a good time on holiday? I
my trip to Spain. The weather
Adam: What 3 (you / do / at the
great here – I’m sure it’s in the UK right
moment)?
now! The hotel we are in is really cool.
Zara: Our teacher 4 (show / us / how to They free WiFi, so I can message
make a vlog). It’s really cool. you anytime. Today we the National
Adam: What kind of vlog? Museum of Science and Technology in Madrid.
Zara: Well, 5 (I / make / a vlog about I in front of it right now. It looks
animals), but other people are doing different awesome!
ones. Dan 6 (do / a sports vlog). Speak soon,
Adam: It sounds great! Yvonne

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GRAMMAR FILE UNIT 3

REFERENCE time expressions with the past

simple
past simple We often use these time expressions when we talk about
the past: yesterday, last week, last year, two weeks ago,
to be a month ago, in 2018.
We use the past simple to talk about things that happened A: When did you see Sam?
in the past. We use it for finished actions that are not B: I saw him yesterday.
happening now.
Jack helped Anna with her homework. past simple questions and short
We use was and were (the past tense of be) to talk about
the past. answers
positive to be
I/He/She/It was happy. Question words go at the start of the question.

We/You/They were in the café. yes/no questions

We usually use short forms in negative sentences. Was I/he/she/it happy?
Were we/you/they in the café?
negative
I/He/She/It wasn’t happy.
short answers
We/You/They weren’t in the café.
I/he/she/it was
Yes,
regular verbs we/you/they were.
Regular verbs end in -ed. Sometimes the spelling changes. I/he/she/it wasn’t.
No,
talk – talked arrive – arrived study – studied we/you/they weren’t.
travel – travelled
We can also use question phrases in the same way.
positive When did you eat lunch?
I/He/She/It/We/You/They helped. How often did she have guitar lessons?
We make negative sentences with did/didn’t and the base What did you do last summer?
form of the verb. wh- questions
We don’t add -ed to the verb in negative sentences. was I/he/she/it?
We usually use short forms in negative sentences. Where
were we/you/they?
negative
regular and irregular verbs
I/He/She/It/We/You/They didn’t help.
We don’t add -ed to the verb in questions. We change the
word order in questions.
irregular verbs
Some verbs have a different form in the past simple. yes/no questions
be – was buy – bought come – came eat – ate help?
Did I/he/she/it/we/you/they
find – found go – went have – had know – knew go?
meet – met read – read see – saw win – won
short answers
positive
Yes, did.
I/He/She/It/We/You/They went to school. I/he/she/it/we/you/they
No, didn’t.

negative
wh- questions
I/He/She/It/We/You/They didn’t go to school.
Who did help?
I/he/she/it/we/you/they
Where did go?

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PRACTICE
1 Choose the correct words to complete
the blog.
myschoolspace.com
My first day at secondary school 1was /
were really good. The other students
2
was / were very helpful, so I 3was /
wasn’t nervous at all. I enjoyed the
lessons because they 4were / weren’t
boring and we learnt new things. The
history teacher 5was / wasn’t very
funny. He made me laugh. What about
you? 6Was / Were the lessons fun on
your first day?
3 Complete the sentences with the past simple form of the verbs in
brackets.
1 Last year I (travel) to Rome with my geography class.
2 The physics exam (start) at 9 a.m. and
(finish) at 11 a.m.
3 I (not study) last night because I
(not feel) well.
4 We (run) to school this morning because we
(be) late.
5 The teacher (give) the students a lot of homework.
6 We (stop) talking when the teacher
(come) into the classroom.
4 Put the words in the correct order to make questions.
1 like / you / primary school / did / your?
2 two hours ago / where / you / were?
3 finish / the / you / last exercise / did?

2 Complete the sentences with these verbs

4 this morning / did / arrive late / you?
read talked took were won wore
5 difficult / was / last exam / your?
1 Jake and Alice tired after
school.
6 see / you / last night / did / who?
2 I an exciting book on
holiday.
3 The teacher to the 5 Complete the questions. Write one word in each gap.
students about the exam. Match the questions (1–6) with the answers (A–F).
4 We some funny photos at 1 did you go? A Because I was tired.
break time. 2 it rain? B Yes, they did.
5 Max his new football shirt 3 you happy? C No, it didn’t!
for the game.
4 did you leave? D Yes, it was.
6 She a prize for her story.
5 the school trip fun? E Barcelona.
6 they eat at school? F Yes, I was.

6 Complete the email. Write one word in each gap.

To: Elena From: Jess

Hi Elena,
How 1 your school trip? 2 you do
anything interesting? Last week we 3 a school trip
to the theatre. We 4 by bus, but it took a long time
because there 5 a lot of cars on the road. When we
arrived, the car park 6 full! We nearly missed the play.
Bye,
Jess

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