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    9 views235 pages

    EC5302 Notes

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Meeror Svsteacrion : fe | [WB = Veere Mozrirticetion = Thee ax two ype a3 11 The Addition of vecteus AY B+B = aon Bp A, a) + (8 4 By 4 Ba) Wes = At Bart 4 By ay + (At Ba “he Subliaction °b vectors Wand Bi is WB = (aT Ay By + AME) (85H + 8H +8) | RE] 8G Wis bane oO Mg a = 9% +28 +6a! and B= eq rea 3a Oo W+e | aL aT Given: Be sq taiy+ bay B= ageod - 3a AaB = 2a 2m + 6% +28) +5 - 9% BeB = sh +74 +38; | We = Bat 2a, thay — 2, 5a) 8a ob vector meliphuaton «WD, Dot Preduck- 7) Scalar spractuck— iv | Por Froover : . Det Preduct or Sealer produc & difined 05 the paduit- of- | magritade of; too vectors and Cosine of; “tee aagle betwen toon. r : . | on WB = (F118) we, x Peorernies oF Dor Propyer: OR hoo veclrs A and BT aw Pauallel to cack ethics Guns AB = (AFI | ©15 shoe vechrs Wand B ae Prperdieaarte exch oti Gyg=96) | A.B =o | CD The dot Deduct obys Commutative fa, Re By © The dot product obeys diskcbutire ow | RTE) HAAS lw TE, @ ard FH au unit veetors ef caiistan opis © To delimine the angle between hoe veckrs . ‘ ¥ 8, = og [AE Snes at “6 Tee! (i) To Pind the Component of a vector fn a gc dixection GO Prfrcton oh a veckr Lo siren diction. P Component id in Toe diechion of 2 — | => Free op 5 Sarita dashes Ka ‘he a) =IPl ose. Wi) To Pind The workdene 4y a Onetont fore. , W=IlPl dose = Fla" \Fropwem: a owe at © Given tbe too vectors A = 3a,- Ay #84, ad B= 244 9% Find the dot prrdudé and ogle belueer “the hoo vectors -@. | | Given: ee | Ae Sa ~ ay 4 Bay B= aU rsa Solution B58 = (4-5 +8%). (280+ 34)- %) = OR) + C02) + -) 6-3-2 A (Bl = LOS+ Oe = [trives =f75 (8) = (sey -/ga9n = esos! [RE ] os fF rane WH ie. Cross Feopver : | The Cress Predust- oy Vector produce is deftoad os “the pareucl- ob mragnttade of toe Vaekrs ang Sine of; tee Je beta thon, he Crmss poeduct of too vectors is a vector, Go ca be expressed with andl vector perpendicular to “tbe plane. of- too Vectors a i a Wx B = [51 /5') Sin Bay Cross Peonvcr: | | ° | UD Tp tae vectors art Bi gu. pusalel to tack cer (6,,=e°) : BxBeoo. 7° dp % too vectrs FH and Bare perpendicular to cack cher (,,= 96) Wx F = 17/18) 2, i) The Cr preduct deosn't oe Ciinmickr tre Lai. Wx Br As Wxs a WO The Coms prrdutk obeys dtebibultve Low. Bx (B42) = (Wx B) + (TO Ome FB ond @ are “tbe writ vectors of Caittstan apt xe =a > axa =H x aAh " 2 (WAR A= ATH eA and’ Fe 8, et By By + BAe Wx B = CAR tA +A) x (Bi +8, ay ay +463) i Ww Toe Crves Pretuct” & tbe Aeplacement of; ight handed vale (Jn Blechiead W) Te yee a vomort ob fore. 0 Gen ‘he two Yechrs A= Gj-5a,497, and Bosh F-4e. fied tbe Comes preduc- and the unit normal vector. ‘iver ! ~ ‘ t a We f-oa a Selution : 2 @ (2049) -H(-4-9 +E Cm) ., XB = 224" 4)0ar+ 144, al Ix Bl = [44404140 =) Jeo se > Wed = (FB) sino © tate Bt] = 1 [1B] sin’ ® raat ; 2 Axe _ © Tree" ! = | a - L2G, + lody +144 | n= - | 780 | | a, “pe eG | Mourten ication or Turee Vecrrs : Dor Prooucr of Tunce vectors / Somune Terres Pasovcr : B. (Bx@) = B COXA) = 2. (FxB) BRA yintA,E, TBR GH+ BT ond BGR GH GH Ag Ay Az a ty Be ty & Propeeries of Sear Trirce Fresver-: © Scalar “triple pluck sepresed toe velumme of povaleptped G) F. (Bx @) = -B. (#x@) (ii) Th too bh vectors aco eqpal , Hen the aosull- Ape fold THD =o (Be Scalar “hiple product is disbibu tive. B.(B x2) = off the Seales. Prose : . D Given “teetiuee vectors Wa2G- a, B=ay-a +25; aind | CS SGA Find “the. Sealaz biple preduct- | Gtr: . | = 2(-146)-0f2-4)-1(-64+D | = 24-10 | =8+4# | | Coss Provocr or Tunee veerrs / Vector Thine Peoover [thot : Bac- CAB Ax (Bx@) = B(A.2)-CA.B) Ba] Properties oF Vector Truce Feopucr: O #8) T £482) (Ha )e = BCH.) WD BxCaeH) = CCE) - BCID Cx (HxB) = FCR.B)-BCAAD GO Ae (Bx) + Be COxB) + Bx ORB) = 0 Pas: © Gives the “hace Vectors R= 2a\-% , B= 2%- ay +28 and C= 2%- sara. Fied “the vector “tiple “penal Given: Re2q- Bx (B ké) = RD ee 2. @a-&). (281-344 +%) ACs = 4-0-1 =38 . AB = (08}- &). (29-4 0D - | eS 4ARe | =e Ak(Bxt) = 3B’ 20 =3 (2) -m 42%) - 2% 3542) at.igt_ ud’ 3 bay 45% + bay -23) = ba)—3a', g = Be BKD= 28, + 88445 | Cooeomare Systems : _NeeD 0€ CooroinnTe Systems : : Te desothe the Apatial variations of, te qpantitis, —Te define abt pointe wnignelp oy apace. dn Buictble manner . | Coordinste. Systoms | Orthogonal Coordin Non Gordenite Rodéus med Top = re tg 45H = Top = A gH 73 he rez 2% = GG t Ger G4 tae Peenes Trg = Vipul =f Ged CY 40 A wo, Bq = Teg. CDE Oty O DE al Pe ; 2 ¢ ral Gr)F Gn) 5-3 | Dierewenrin. FLenenrs : , 2) Diererewnar Lengm : Por (e,4, 2) > (erdn, ry edz) ~ det a pein P(x, gq in tbe ular Coordinate Spt. -& ‘newwasing pach. Coordinate by i fferential amounk- a new po'nt- |Piode, nd type z+dz) ebtained, | dx— Diffeentiol tn % direction | it — Diffeuntial dang. & d dixction | — Difjuartial Length in z direction ! Df al vontor | at = [4el = ae Wb) Diererenrine Surpace : . a = ds a whee 2 — Unit veebr normal to the mah ds, Z (©) Diererenna Vorwne: - Piast ay» ft RE a Ve “The. Veator & Packie Coord tn Gay be. expe 03 TeAte AR Ae Wm Agee Ay Oh Agee Circurar Coouoware Systema / Cumorica Coovoware System: ( — Crenlar Coordinate Diccexenrrome Soweace + , we as =d8a, whae G-Unit Vector norinal to He Surpace ds. = edgdr® ~ = dedray = ededga ag © Diesevenrin VoLvve: Dipsoel Yelume, AV = ededgdz. Rereesewtorien of 8 Veeme : ‘The vector tn Gped cal Coordinate pir can be expremsed 05 | Beane rag thee. Seuetice Cooromare Sysren : ~The Coordinata of; a Spherteab Godin plo read g, ~ Fupaos ated to define a 1d] = [an (r40)%> Cranes)” 6). Dicrerenria Surrnce : d= dsz where a Unit Veetor normal to “He Surfaw. ds, ds, =Vsinodedg a dg, = ratnodrdp a ds, = rdedo % Difheantl Yume, AV = v'ain o drdodg TON OF & VECTOR: A vacler to SphasieaD Coordinie plan, Gn be Caprese 0% R= Apa + Ager Aga. KELaTIn BeTween Carresian awn Cyemoricar Coonmmnre Sysrens ¢ z trys eusg + ésidg _t _ esing =e (ws'grang) | % C tsp Rae K Rererion Between Coeresian any Spuericar. _Coorommre Sysrens e x tas = _% F386 Sing =_t¢ _ Tse = Pate (wigs ontp) t1°as’o = v'sinte + tease =s*(sm'p +0s'e) af sé | 2eapepa= Sep ty | wsfhze0 frapposs=ap) a frroues = 5b fw | «7078 org . i ‘efropous t= ‘se to F450 { 204¢ apa = “oe @ | wer ee- 4 zpbpapa=ap| oxbab = top hyposhap= fe | a7 #0 reoral . 70 zb+ %ogpa+vap= (vonaty 2e zp gba= be] = ater nee 4%» | wsase fom L | elapse 2 | oFsre- zphpxp= Ap Lezprp= bp eine - be oF Poo x + "bep = ap eal =p) SPAN) | os aze ap) snot | Cop) vamy bay wunaaasaig | MIA | S2TNNA TWUNBUIIND | euwanassip Cr )ueroy e HNC) 30 aby, frosts 4 : O Gre the Cylindsical Coordinates of the paint eobose Cailssian Coordinals me R28, gos anf Fo5 wile. Given: waa, pea, 2 Solution: _ Paver | genet [poe = Jo+te = fas'(4) Ke | | =yas | fer]. | an | Te grdieal Gordinlr oe &=5, Ja 5318, Z25 © Grete Catsian Coordin of the pant hese (lic Gntote (ow e=2, $= 45" ad 2-1 | Given: e=2, pray, Z=-) | Selution: X=Cwsg g =esing ver =Rws4s =29n45 “The Onxltiian Chordinats aw x =erTeH, y =e-7e7, Za-), ® Gite the Sphoicad Coordinates ofthe spent whese Cailttan Coordinater Me KEM, Y= SB and 225 Given : meal, fre, te Sdlation ; : release | pti) | 0- nif.) fete | oye @ |. w' ‘ = =ta5 (9 : The Sphoiud Cindi aw. T= | Be fs “| @ Give the Goat GCoordinals of; “Ibe. Point ewhose Pphaical Coordinats- We T=3, O= be and g = 50° . Girt r=9, B= be) poe Soblion: % = Tsino cosd {= 78 cing ‘ . Z=evosp = 3 Sinbo ws 80] - 3 singe Singe =3usts = 3x G8 = 8xigt - 3 aoe “a = : 4 The Onitisian Coordinal® are % = 2.25, gr QLEhe, © Given pak A(a=a,y=8,2=H1) and Be =4, $ --n0, z= 2). Find “the. distara um A to B Given; A(x=2, =e, x=-/) Ble =4 gz-so, 2=2) x= eas = esinp | Zaz = 4 t3(-60) = 4 sio(-s6) [e=27]] = 2.57) - Ble=4,$=-s, 228) = B(x =2571, = -.0b4, z=9) Diston ef ay Gen Di CsenTy 7 [ soos LIneRgeaL MoT frepeT Between THe Uner vectors of Caeresian ano Cy 4M ae Reem : : ~ &e § % ow papertialer Go Gd =0 Zi - RE paportaler bh 6H Ge A-GH eo OF popetialer bo dp 63} Go G-% =%H=0 | —a@& | ya = 1 Nah eos $ B+ = CO) eosté-4) ay. Bao = UDG) wed =a . raed oat @.a =0 aq. Wepescaisg) ay af = 001) csp Zee =) =a8ing sass ° Fe =. OL wx sempenem ef A tn The ditattion of ay & ‘the dot product ef Ag & Ae = BG = (ARNG IAT) % = Ae (4-H) +A (Gj a) +A, (aA) Ap = Ag os — Ag sing . MARR = (RH Mga +AU). = Ae (5E-M)+ Ay 3) +A ay) 4 = Acsing +A usd BRT = CRAM +hyd)- We = Ay (8) + Ap (ta) + A, (QB) | The Ault of “foe ttansformohin, & mabtx form i ‘Tansernarion of Vectors ree Coeresian To Sruerrear. Coonomare Sy stews: Consider a vector in Caskitian Coordinali Syitim ax Fe Ag te + Ay ty +A, & The Aame Vector R* i Aspherical Coordinate cpphtio Can be enprened as W = Ae det Me We rag ay TBe. Component of 5" ithe diuction of; Wy % tbe dot porduch of A § Oy AR = (Arma 10) =a Oa My (f 4NH-T) Ay = 4, Sin6s$ +My 8inB Sing + A, Cos 8 Moo % = Cie ty +AU). By = A (H+ ty (8-3) he (BH) Ap = A 881089 4p 028 85Ing — A, SinB . . “FATT = Cater trac) Gy = A, (BB) +4 (i )+0, (Ea) Age Az Slog + Ay tos g The Acwult ef the fpansfermatien > miki. Pm ic, Ar Sin@ asd = SinOSing — CoS BT Ag 4o | = |tosousp wsesing -sine Ay 4g ~Sing cos g © Az. Der PessectT Beneen we Unir Veerors of Cyn Drica, AND OPHERICAL Coogpmare SYSTEMS : | = ~ | . a, a, a a Sine cos © ° +—___|__— i o op L ° o t | a cos -sne ° | Thanscoreamion oe Vecmes rom Carresin To Cyronrcae Coovnmare Systems: | Crider vache TT iy Castfen Coonan at Ra Ay tye + Aye ‘The Jame Vector W Jn Upfessi Coordinate the dhethon “h % & the dot pre of Eq Ae RG =A, EtHG+AZ). a =A, CZ BI) + Ay (BH) + Ay (HD N= Anta gt Ay Sing AGT AG = (Me E+ +A, B)o ay = Ay (arp) hy (BG) +A, (EG) Age ~ A, Sink + hy cosy OE = Ota ya +8). O24, (BEI +y (HH) +h GE) Ay =Aa The Rend of the tanefornation in mabix form & | Teens of Vectors from Cyiwoeicar To Carresian Coorornare Systens: | Consider a. vector A" & Gplodiead Coordinate api a We Ate t Ap 8g + ALG ‘The Same vector in Caitisian Coordinalz éptin Qin be eapresse| as Ae =A, eae + Ap ate The Rend of toe Yansformation & makin farm ts Ar sine ws BTL Ag 4g ot og Jla “Thansecntatton or Vecroes from Spverient To Cymorien. Coonoranre SvsreHs: Cmrsider a Vector A" in Sphaical Coorelinals: pla as Ws Ap By + Ap at Apag | The tame Yeshr 1" bb Gotta Gordénte fps Can be express | | Whee + Mya +48; The Component of BT in the ischon of Te & tha dot prdeat- of. Bi and a rBlr reas + Apap). 2, = A, (8 a2) + Ay (AE a) + Ap (ap BD |Aea Tag = Ae = Ay Sin 6+ A, 8 & Ap =F ay = By + Aedy +Apag)- ap =A, (-) + An (Oe a) + Ag (3-H ) | | Ap =Ag Ay =BE = CAG MA rAg Gy). =A, (HG) + Ao (Ae-G,) +Ag (ay A) A, = Ayos® — Ap Sin The Rorull-o} the tansfPrmation i matite “firm's, ee nsrenen ete CYSTEWS? (f2) Consider a vector A wy spat Coordin yin as : R= Aay MoT +p By “The Same Vechr A & Castisian Coordinate Aplin Can be exproee 08. DH Aa + hy en, & The Component oF & “the diaction of Gy & “the det prrduck off WG oe AAT = (Me rag te tapi) -@ = ACD rg Go GD +Ag (IH) | =A, Sino cos +A, os 6 cos — Aycnt | Ay em a = Og + Aye + Ag 25). @ =A, (5 GF) + Ae (G- Prag “ay 4 ce sng + hy ueodnp 4 Agog mem B= (agar Meme rag ag) = A, (aT) + Aw (Sy Hz) + Ag (04 az) | Ar = A, fos O- A, Sine “The Aetult « Ag | | | be ansformation Ip malice form is Sno wsd Cesecwsg - sing Ar Ar =| sine sing esesing cass || Ag a G38 ~sine © Ag Teausronnnrion or Veomns From Crmorsent. To Smenicn Comromnnre Swsren: Conan a Yeser Win ylndefeak Gini apm Wa nede Hap G + Aa “he Same Vector A bo Sphasfead A Geri cpein Can be axprened a8 A= Aya; tAeds + Ap ap “The Component of 7 fn the. ditetlton of By i tte det Ponda of, # and 3°. NaH A= (te TGt MG +08) G = Ay (Gp: Dey & +s (EH) Ay = Ap Sin O + A, (os 8 Ny = Bots = (AeA GH AE): By = Ay (9%) + Ag (5p 3 + Az (Ay Ae) Ag = Ap se 4, G08 |Mb= WG = (AeterAy G+ Aza) = fe (de +A (Ga) +4, (6B) Ag = Ag ~LROBLEM : . © Ae sealar tele a ren ye : © q = 200 “solr O g =25¢s80g . cas W g = Aeese re | Flog ite ak tbe potat plo), 1) -for CaskisFan , UGE, D fer Optical P(2,b0,36.) for Sphaital . Given A = 200 SHfE)y — ab Fl o,1,D A= aseseg — ak Pl. F,S) fre 88 at p (3,60, 36) 7 | Sotubioo : | fe Caitaian : vq = Shays ade 4 oo ong oz | a. - 206 ‘sly 24 = 200 “pus le)y og alr ae =o 4 = free “sneeay ] + aoe oi] % €)..., = freee] @ + [sore woo] a [> [O4),,9= ioe 9-078 Vector Dirrerentia. Operator (7) : The Vector digtuentiak opactr V Oan be woiltas os -2F%4 20427 VR a ates “Thee oe haze operations tnvel¥a) with the vector Ae paemhp Operator © Gradient ®) Diensgenee @) Gal. | Grad of eakax funchion she maximum Aad oh- Change of, “tbe spool let V bette scalar patintial -function. The. gradient of v Ae Catltsian Coordtoatt yin ot ay Ut or Colt Coordinate & as OF DIENT 2 6 “Tho gradi VV gives “the maximum rake of Change of V pewit- distance. (i) The griiat w ahengs tndicals -the diction of the maximum Aabe oe of VY. W The gradient w at avg peak is perpendicular to tbe Constant ¥ Shoe, vohich Passes be park. GD FE Vand V a Sealers Viv+v) = vur+vv V(uv) = uvyt+v iu) = Vv) - of V (4) ee The dverena of; a vector field A ak a given potnt- P is “tbe | oubward Blue per anil volume as the velluve shainks abeut P. | dP ear. lin SRB i 1 Ava 0 AV | = Thi a mename of how muck tte field denages or emanate fron | teak- point: ~ Divagena +e aka Sous peat in toe field ~ Divegena is Ve ak a Stok peta 4% tbe field — Divergenee Yaw “thee i¢ Deiter Sink nor Saace . Ale, Sly Tit CIN TARR ont tne Positive dévageno Negative Aexgera Zev divagente TBR = nae tee ~ Ve = She Ay 4 Gaz 4 oz Wtodeteal Coordinate veF -1 2d 1 OMB, 8A 3g (00 te Gh + a : ze tndke Fystay vere 2 Wart 2 ' 7 Or ("A.D +s ae 75 (08) tia we © Tt pwdues a Salas -fFeld 6) V.CF4R) @ OA Wi) VCR = V(w- A) + (vv) Ww a wa=o > Be Veerlor “field i said to be Folercidad) field. va = posing] a +F [esfes$] ag a .0 = [posox]m + [250s] 0 vq = a a +4 ota tae ope OY . -somse or = Ot =o > Esp esfaels () = Fi Boesee at 4o inbe % 27 27 (2:68, é iy) = —ha8 120% RL? . The Cub ge is an anial or Aotational vector whose Fede. | 6 tbe maximun Cipulation ob FB pa unit ava as the to Zee. df whose diction & the normal déecton of He aa when The orn F orfenled to make the Cipewlation maximus” . ul Fs urF = (2 fra rs A870 AS mag whi 3? — rik vector normal to tte Bufowe 26, C7} i Cuil ak p & Za0 TAR = [3 2 ite Se] 4 [ete aut fu Sparta) Coordinate pe ra, *8inB ay “sels te 3 | Ay Tap TanBAg vant =! [ 8p sod ongler rf i ar 26049) 44 Bray oar] z > or Tor ~ 069 ¥gine| 86 OR] 1 Tare og 0 | tee , @ © Delgerne “the diregene of Toe Vector pyelds. o P = eye + za, Wa - e Sing Hr era +zospe, «7 = fh eese + vino cosh pase ay Solution : for Caitvean ; | vp = Oe 2Pa fe | ox ay 7 | Gro: p oye Fy 0, Py =xE Layo +2 : ()+Z-(22) ea veP= Pugz+ % | V8 aL PR) +f 24 20. dO. Giveo: Ge = esing , y= ez, ae, =H05f VG ER (eng) LS (C0 +2 (rasp) = b (20804) +5 (0) + esp ! 1 2 (7, 1 97% Veh eit J; (7908) 4 af ‘ Ginn: Ty = as , Ty =rsine sg , Ty = tos 8 = SD (rein e054) +m oop (ee? 7 rhe L v Oy wed "rab bo. 06 20) + “ss ile) +5569 ‘SB saris (EZP2) = eb. x 29h 61098 Ha oe 2 cos 6 tosh RL: The Cut ofA ks an axial or Avtational veclor whese magaiude & the mastmun Cpulation ob BW pa unit ara as te, to wee. rd whose diction & the normal déecten of; We aiea when toe % oriented to make the Cipelation maximus” > Cuil W = ox = (te fA. +) z A870 AS ax whue ay — tai yecler norma to “tte Bufow a6, B= Hf 2Ae_ Ay] 4 we [Oa he], [Ory oar] yen = 5-4/8 te] 4/9 > ~ | % ee ® Vaso! x, By ge Ae eAg Az . yew = [Loa AST [ote oar 1 fale > fe ap az] Tae Be at g [20h y ak heal ale = = verte a 7a, r8inw tine | Sr %e 7] Ay Tap sinbAg vara =|. { 880 angler [i ae aleag] az yt[Blray oars os ine 86 ag late a 0¢ oy J °F] or ~ 06/9 fon phasic: 4 Hove vnest _ soy fe Tay Nelnbag @ ra3 Tsinbag Ux 2 %, %e %,y | = visno | rey ‘¥sne| Br Se hy Ty Th, FsIneTy| -4;460 ‘FSinboos$ __. cos B =) [x (-st08 + ¥ sind Sng) ~ 745, (0-3) + raine 5 (sirousg na ! “ Sine (ning - D5 + sido (es p+) % | H)T + M8 (espe) % © Pere-tate V-(vxR) =0 provettel- aeregance °b Qual of ATS 210, alubin : = a ay q ae Ie %y Ir An ty =e [ge aa] +324 ee +4[24 a4] Vv. (xm) = eeeret (GF-¥ 24 H+ Cts 2a GH #( (2 rte + (one eg. 9 . = One "ne She AL + Shy She ons Oxaz 0492 dxay ” BaBe Byer. | Gnside the olomental velume ih % - ditwctfon . Bry hy =e AT = OAR { . Ox . | Jif oR dv = Sif dady dz -sdv odedyde | = Lf yz = ff ds, ——- © ! 45, = 4dr Consider “tre elemental Yoluore qa %, A, = hae on ee) | Ci | Sifomar = Sf ip daayte = [fay dede = Sry a © “dyn ded Consida tee eleminla) Yelum io % ~ditechén Bo Ay = hy = 0 * Wi = Bhs Jf om av = [fe dey de =f} ardedy = fi fas as, © v 46, adady- fim epatin ©, © and © Mv = [fader lly 4s sffreds = ff (rgd ty Ag +A,ds,) = Sf Ger ygent) (ayatedsyay +454) Hen —Preved , Prostien © Te Vector field Diz 52°57 is given in -SphotZea) Coondinat dim, Evaluake beth sides of reget Thstom -fertbe Volume. & enclosed betwen O T=) ang T= @) o=0 bz ang T=4 Bolution : | Loseti): rei @r=2. di co. therear | | Jf mv [re JS: SO (9. Wav v 0.0 =tede (AH) =e Ex tr? VD =5r we 2 Sif V- Ddv {ff srxesnp drdedgd dy =v'tinodrdedg $M e2ne wt 2h = “sine de dg . Ulf ro ” 7 a = i: Le] sino ap = 5 (Het “fees ap , -% ¥fe (aap E00 =F y o- z x J[foaee 15% | Paes pv.de | lew Sf 45,3 -ff* Dds, & va v=! “f[= sinpdedg SG Srtsinededp © vee | - 2 [fone - 2 fn =f Coss] ap - $f Emel ns = 4 Ley 2” = 9nr —-Sr Sfe@eoer. OX tee epuatin O ¢ © LB = Lay . Cai): O-obE G rH4 : ' ® LHS: Lf v- | v.didv = Pe sine dirdod “ v.D= 57 0 th ™ j dv =s'sine drdedg or hy “°f [ e] moses a Ese] 4p 2a = See f [-cos +1026] a¢ ° aa = B20x 0.293 [4], = B20x 0-23 NLT (ly veDdv = 187. 457 ——__@) v RHs: Ja Ia: = ff. 49,8 + fd. 45,4 v4 =ff EE 'sino dodp +0 req = sea | Seto = om [Eo = s20 «ooeenay a ° = 820x 0.943 x sa [ees 187-45 @® ©8&®@ [Pr = Lf) 0-9 av. ‘| O Given Hak “D'= ee" gz, ‘ ne! - SOR in Gplindsieak Coordinde: ty stirs » Evpluak— a °h divugena. “theowm -for He volume enclecod with e@=2 ond Z=0 Bz=10, 3. - bea | Felubiios a 4 Aivegena Foes Sf vo av = fora v ¢ dus: ff vB av Bo select) = hatbet VD = wer 10 ar 2 Sfvav “Sf f toe x ededggz vodv = ededgdz . Je fe Og =e ff petp ape: sett Pipe = Fox ar cea = Foxrnrxio Jl} Save 0 7 be: foe {poe = [fod + J Bids, 45" es -O = Jf tefte apa +e ean ro 2 ag aagt fe . = agents Sipe = 40 f Ld ., to = 40x 26 [4], = AoxwKX1o ce ® [pa = sor open ©0300 SL] vB av =[f[v.w, v ® For the -ield Da seg Ra eG Of vf “toe porallelegi pad formed 4 the planes x=0, X=, gd? q Als 5 dregene “Heesn Jf} vBav = [fs-®. v aatheogsle <0 253 =o, Gio: oe any 3 +a tHe: [ff ed av vB “ey + ah £0 = ay Mpa “Sify dady de vw av adady de. - *hhy tnyldede -wofgyn eg [e]? E4Axs =12 ———______@ Kirst fp Dds : . [jo.@ - Se 50%) + ff Bag) + ffx. we oy) ns (Hn “ + [fras el B. 48, (a2) Ll ease = “Ley 20 © [7a «fog gte

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