COMPUTER

FUNDAMENTAL
INSTRUCTOR
RAHUL MAHATO
SOFTWARE
Let’s Smart
 computer system

Software refers to the computer programs that are

loaded into a computer system, and hardware refers
to all the visible devices, which are assembled together
to build a computer system.

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Software

System software

Application software

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System software

System software consists of several programs, which are directly responsible for
controlling, integrating, and managing the individual hardware components of a computer
system

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Operating System
Operating system is the
first layer of software loaded into computer
memory when it starts up

In simple words,
the operating system organises and controls
the hardware. Examples of operating systems
are Windows XP, UNIX, and Linux. The basic
functions of an operating system are:

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❑ Process Management: It handles the creation, deletion, suspension, resumption, and
synchronisation of processes.
❑ Memory Management: It handles allocation and de-allocation of memory space as required
by various programs.
❑ File Management: It is responsible for creation and deletion of files and directories. It also
organises, stores, retrieves, names, and protects all the files.
❑ Device Management: It manages all the devices of the computer system such as printers
and modems. If any device fails, it detects the device failure and notifies the same to the
user.
❑ Security Management: It protects system resources and information against destruction
and unauthorised use.
❑ User Interface: It provides the interface between the user and the hardware.

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Device Drivers

Device drivers are system programs, which are responsible for proper functioning
of devices. Every device, whether it is a printer, monitor, mouse or keyboard, has a driver
program

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Language Translators
Computers only understand a language
consisting of 0s and 1s called
machine language. To ease the burden
of programming entirely in 0s and 1s,
special programming languages called
high-level programming languages
were developed that resemble natural
languages like English.

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System Utility

System utility programs perform day-to-day tasks related to the maintenance of

the computer system. They are used to support, enhance, and secure existing programs
and data in the computer system.

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File Management: These utilities make it easier to manage data files. Many programs are
written to help users to find the files, create and organise directories, copy, move, and
remove files.
For example, the Windows Explorer

Backup: It may happen that sometime data files are corrupted, or accidentally deleted. In
such a case, data backups become very useful.

Data Recovery: It is the process of retrieving deleted or inaccessible data from failed
electronic storage media such as computer hard disk drives, removable media, optical
devices, and tape cartridges.

Virus Protection: Anti-virus programs are essential system utilities for a computer system
functioning in a network. They provide the security to the system from viruses that can
damage the computer system

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Disk Management: Disk management programs include various system software like disk
defragmenter, data compressor, and disk formatting tools.

Firewall: Firewall forms a barrier between networked computers within an organisation

and those outside the organisation.

Disk Cleanup: To keep a computer running smoothly, regular maintenance is vital.

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Application Software

The most often seen software by a user is the application software. It is used to accomplish
specific tasks rather than just managing a computer system.

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Word Processors: A word processor is software used to compose, format, edit, and print
electronic documents.

Spreadsheets: One of the first commercial uses of computers was in processing payroll and
other financial records. So the programs were designed to generate reports in the standard
“spreadsheet” format used by bookkeepers and accountants.

Image Editors: Image editor programs are designed specifically for capturing, creating,
editing, and manipulating images. These graphics programs provide a variety of special
features for creating and altering images.

Database Management Systems: Database management software is a collection of computer

programs that allow storage, modification, and extraction of information from a database in
an efficient manner.

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Presentation Applications: A presentation is a means of assessment, which requires
presentation providers to present their work orally in the presence of an audience.

Desktop Publishing Software: The term desktop publishing is usually used to describe the
creation of printed documents using a desktop computer

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Thank You