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instructables

Digi-Comp II Replica

by megardi

Digi-Comp II is a mechanical computer invented by John Thomas Godfrey and manufactured by Education
Science Research (E.S.R., Inc.) in the late 60's. As can be seen in the pictures above, the device consists of a
frame (about 14 by 28 inches) propped up at an angle. Computations are performed by balls rolling down channels
on the top of and inside the platform through gates. Some gates are fixed switches that merely redirect the ball
down a particular channel while others are flip-flops that both redirect the ball and change the state of the flip-flop
in the process.

Intended as an aid for teaching computer concepts, the Digi-Comp II can count, perform basic arithmetic, and
obtain either the "1's" or '2's" complement of a number. The device can be run in auto mode where the balls are
released automatically after each step of an operation until the operation is complete, or in manual mode where
the user initiates each step.

There are many very good online references for the Digi-Comp II. Here are a few to get you started:

Wikipedia
Old Computer Museum
Original Digi-Comp II in Action

While the Digi-Comp II is not fully programmable, an earlier offering by E.S.R., the Digi-Comp I, used an
assortment of plastic slides, tubes, and bent metal wires to solve simple logic problems. An excellent reproduction
of this device was created by Mark Ziemer. In addition Mark has created a very cool virtual Digi-Comp II
application. Check them out:

Digi-Comp I Replica
Virtual Digi-Comp II

Along with the STL files and instructions for this project, you will find a PDF of the manual that came with the
original Digi-Comp II. I brought this file to a local copy center and had them print me the spiral bound booklet you
can see above and I'm really happy with the results. Also there is a PDF of the parts and assembly instructions
that you will need to complete this Instructable.

This offering is a full size working replica of that Digi-Comp II from 5 decades ago. I have tried to make it as
authentic as possible based on the images and technologies that I have available to me. The original top and
inside decks for instance were vacuformed plastic attached to pieces of masonite board, and the flip-flops and
switches were injection molded. In my replica the decks and pieces are all 3D printed. Also I do not have an
original Digi-Comp II to work from. I am indebted again to Jaap Scherphuis (he did the original video you can link
to above) for his invaluable assistance in providing me with good quality images. Finally I did modify the design of
Digi-Comp II Replica: Page 1
some of the flip-flops (that are not visible when operating the device) to improve their reliability.

I have created a few videos of my Digi-Comp II Replica in action:

Two's Compliment of the Number Seven


Counting to Six
Adding Seven Plus Three

If you are not interested in making a Digi-Comp II from scratch, Evil Mad Scientists sells a beautiful kit version
made from plywood. Check it out at Digi-Comp II: First Edition.

I have not seen an original Digi-Comp II available in any of the "vintage" markets for quite a long time, and when
they do appear they sell for many hundreds of dollars. As with my other projects Think-a-Dot and The Amazing Dr.
Nim my goal in creating this replica is to help raise awareness for this great device and honor the creativity of it's
inventor John Thomas Godfrey.

Design Notes

I did not design the Digi-Comp II, I just did the modelling. The real design work happened back in the 60's.
Everything I did was modeled using Fusion 360.

Digi-Comp II Replica: Page 2


Download
https://www.instructables.com/ORIG/FW6/280V/JRV8BYXH/FW6280VJRV8BYXH.pdf

Download
https://www.instructables.com/ORIG/F8N/YVSC/JRV8BYXI/F8NYVSCJRV8BYXI.pdf

Step 1: Print the Parts

There are a fair number of them.

Print Resolution: .2 mm

Infill: 20% for the top and bottom "decks" and 100% for pretty much everything else.

Filament: AMZ3D PLA in Red, White, and Black

Notes: All parts were printed with PLA at .2 mm with no supports unless specified otherwise below. Use the
pictures above to determine the colors or choose your own. To create a Digi-Comp II you will need to print the
following parts:

33 Bearing
1 Bottom Deck - There is an STL with the whole Bottom Deck if your print bed is large enough. I
Digi-Comp II Replica: Page 3
have also provided two addition files where the Bottom Deck has been split into two pieces.
1 Bottom Deck Support (optional) - If you do print the deck in two pieces you will need to print a
Bottom Deck Support to join them back together. Note: It was reported that there were issues slicing
this file on Simplify3D so a repaired version was uploaded.
14 Individual Display Panels. You can print these all at once if you want. I paused the print at the
2.2 mm mark to switch colors from white to black to highlight the numbers.
1 Display 01 Memory 1
1 Display 01 Memory 2
1 Display 01 Memory 4
1 Display 01 Memory 8
1 Display 0101 MQ 1
1 Display 0101 MQ 2
1 Display 0101 MQ 4
1 Display 10 Accumulator 1
1 Display 10 Accumulator 2
1 Display 10 Accumulator 4
1 Display 10 Accumulator 8
1 Display 10 Accumulator 16
1 Display 10 Accumulator 32
1 Display 10 Accumulator 64

6 Flip Flop No Display Bottom - These are attached to the bottoms of the Accumulator Mode
switches T-1 to T-6. Note: It was reported that there were issues slicing this file on Simplify3D so a
repaired version was uploaded.
5 Flip Flop No Display Top - These are used for D-1, D-2, D-3, CF-1 and CF-2.
7 Flip Flop With Display Accumulator Register - Used for A-1 to A-7.
7 Flip Flop With Display Accumulator Register No Ball (optional) - Use in place of the above for A-1
to A-7. I find it to be a little bit more reliable. Your mileage may vary.
3 Flip Flop With Display MQ Register - Used for Q-1, Q-2, and Q-3.
2 Foot Ball
2 Foot Socket
7 Half Flip Flop - These are attached to the bottoms of the Accumulator flip-flops A-1 to A-7.
1 Labels (optional) This is a "sheet" with all the top deck labels if you are going for that authentic
look. I printed them at .05 mm and paused the print at the .25 mm mark to switch colors from white
to black to highlight the text.
1 Leg Holder - This file has both a right and left leg holder bracket.
1 Marble Cup
1 Release Balance Holder
1 Release Balance - This part requires supports.
1 Release Lever Joiner
1 Release Wheel Lever
1 Release Wheel
1 Return Guide - This file also has a return guide holder and return guide holder tab.
4 Spacer
1 Spring Template
1 Start Switch Pieces

Digi-Comp II Replica: Page 4


1 Start Switch - This part requires supports.
4 Switch With Display - These are the Memory switches M-1, M-2, M-3, and M-4.
12 Switch - These are for Multiply, Clear, Count, Overflow, A-M, Complement, and T-1 to T-6.
1 Top Deck - There is an STL with the whole Top Deck if your print bed is large enough (and if it is
boy am I jealous ;-). I have also provided eight addition files where the Top Deck has been split into
eight pieces. Note that in splitting the Top Deck I chose to create eight equal size pieces for
simplicity sake. In some cases this choice was not optimal. Feel free to split the file however you
choose for your printer.

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Step 2: Get the Additional Materials You Will Need

In addition to the printed parts you will need the following:

1 - 2 ft by 4 ft sheet of 1/4 inch plywood.


1 - 8 ft length of 1 inch x 2 inch lumber (3/4 by 1 1/2 inch actual).
13 - 7.25 mm steel balls (7 mm or 9/32 inch will do). These are not required but I have found that
when used they improve the reliability of the machine. I got these by mistake when I ordered 6 mm
balls so I don't know how hard they are to source. If anyone ends up getting a size between say 6
mm and 7.25 mm let me know and I will post additional versions of the STL files for the parts that
use them.
1 - 3 ft length of 3/8 inch wood dowel.
About 12 ft of 1.2 mm (3/64 inch) piano (music) wire.
4 - 1/8 inch by 1 1/4 inch bolts with 8 nuts.
4 - Number 6 by 3/4 inch wood screws.
Some 1 inch finishing nails or brads.
A dozen or so 1/2 inch steel balls. This version of Digi-Comp II has been optimized to work with 1/2
inch steel balls,

Digi-Comp II Replica: Page 8


Step 3: Build the Base

Digi-Comp II is constructed on and in a wooden box or base approximately 14 by 28 inches in size. Start by cutting
the 2 foot by 4 foot piece of 1/4 inch plywood as follows

2 - 2 inch by 48 inch strips from the long side of the board. These will be used to create a nice edge
for the base.
1 - 13.85 inch by 28 inch piece from the rest of the plywood. This supports the main "decks" of the
device.

Use the 1 1/2 by 3/4 inch lumber to create a 13.85 by 28 inch "frame" for the board you just cut. When done this
frame should be 13.85 by 28 inches by 1 1/2 inches tall. Attach the plywood piece to the frame.

Assemble the Top Deck pieces on top of the base that you just built but don't glue them down just yet. I used
masking tape to hold them together and to the base. Be sure that you get the pieces in the right spots. You can
use the last picture above as a reference. When the pieces are secure, use a pencil to outline all of the openings
from the Top Deck onto the plywood. Don't forget the four small holes that will be used to attach the lower deck.

Remove the Top Deck pieces. It's now time to cut out the areas that were just marked. I used a 5/8 inch bit to drill
out all of the half circle and full circle parts plus the ends of the ball return slot. It's OK if the holes are a little bigger
than the marked areas. The four small holes were drilled with a 1/8 inch bit. Finally a jig saw was used to clear out
the rest of the ball return area. Lay the Top Deck pieces back on and make sure that the holes you just made line
up with the openings in the deck. Use a file to remove any wood that sticks into the deck opening spaces.

When I was finished I gave the top a light sanding and painted it white. This was not strictly necessary but I
noticed that the wood grain showed through the Top Deck pieces a bit since the bottom layer is so thin. You can
see the finished basic base box in the first picture above.

Next I painted the 2 inch plywood strips that were cut above in a dark blue. Both sides and the top edge of the
strips were given a couple of coats of paint. When dry I used these to frame the box. These should end up sticking
about 1/4 inch above the top of the box forming a nice lip all around as in the third picture above. The second
picture above shows a corner from the back of the base with the top and frame attached.

Finally the Top Deck pieces are glued onto the finished base. Before gluing them down be sure that all the holes
align perfectly. When you are done, the base should look something like the last picture above. Note that in this
picture I have already added some of the pieces and the feet to the base, but you hopefully get the idea.

Digi-Comp II Replica: Page 9


Digi-Comp II Replica: Page 10
Step 4: Bend Some Wire

This might be the hardest part of the build. The based on the one shown in this video: DIY 3D Printed
various pivoting pieces on a Digi-Comp II are Steel Wire Bender Tool. The STL files for the jig and
attached to the Top Deck with small springs. You can base are included below.
see an example of one above along with the Spring
Template that you will find among the STL files. In all In addition you will need to bend an Actuator Wire.
you need 33 of these! The template is based on the This is used to connect the Start Switch to the
original Digi-Comp II spring. You will notice that I did Release Balance. The dimensions are shown above
a square top rather than rounded, which was much in the last picture (which is obviously not to scale). My
easier to do and does not make any difference in the suggestion would be to do all the bends except the
operation of the device. last 50 mm one and leave a little extra wire in the
process. When you get to the point of connecting the
Use the 1.2 mm piano wire for these. What greatly Actuator Wire, attach the wire to the Release Balance
helped me was being able to use a wire bending jig then measure the precise distance to your Start
that I put together when I built Mark Ziemer's Digi- Switch.
Comp I replica (see the second photo above). It was

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Digi-Comp II Replica: Page 11


Step 5: Prepare the Bottom Deck

If you printed the Bottom Deck in two parts, then you When you print the Return Guide you will also print a
have to use the Bottom Deck Support to join them return guide holder and a return guide holder tab.
back together as in the first picture above of the Push the end of the return guide holder through the
bottom. I used some ultra gel super glue which slot in the Bottom Deck from the top and secure it
worked well. When joined the top of the Bottom Deck with the return guide holder tab as shown on the
should look like the second picture. bottom. See the last two images above.

Step 6: Assemble Your Digi-Comp II

A few final preparations:

Press a 7.25 mm steel ball into each of the Flip Flop With Display Accumulator Register pieces.

Digi-Comp II Replica: Page 12


Press a 7.25 mm steel ball into each of the Flip Flop No Display Bottom pieces.
Add the Start Switch Pieces to the Start Switch as in picture two above.

You should now have everything in place to assemble your Digi-Comp II. You can mostly just follow the Parts List
and Assembly Instructions from the original unit which you will find above. Any differences from these steps will be
listed below.

Step 4 Changes

Paragraph 4: The way that I built the frame does not allow the Release Balance to be installed directly onto the
Release Wheel shaft as per the original instructions. Instead I have designed a Release Wheel Lever that attaches
to the Release Wheel's shaft. A slightly redesigned Release Balance is attached to another new part, the Release
Balance Holder, which is glued to the underside of the Top Deck (with center about 59 mm from the inside right
edge of the frame and 74 mm from the inside top edge of the frame.). The Release Balance is held in place with a
piece of wire or pin pushed through a hole in the Release Balance Holder shaft. The Release Wheel Lever is then
connected to the Release Balance with a Release Lever Joiner part. The Actuator Wire is connected to the
Release Balance in the same way as the instructions state. It sounds complicated but is actually pretty straight
forward and works pretty well. See the first picture above.

Step 5 Changes

Skip this section. The Return Guide will be installed when the Bottom Deck has been attached.

Step 6 Changes

Skip this section. It's for an older version of Digi-Comp II.

Step 7 Changes

I used an extra nut (not too tight) to loosely hold the Spacers onto the Top Deck. This makes it much easier to slip
on the Bottom Deck. So to be clear Spacer, nut, Lower Deck and then another nut. Skip the last part about the
Return Guide for now.

Step 8 Changes

Rather than make a hook for the Start Switch side of the Actuator Wire, I just pushed the straight wire up through
the small hole in the Start Switch. Then I put a small bend in the wire to keep it in place. See the third picture
above.

Step 9 Changes

Ignore this section. Instead install the two Leg Holders onto the inside of the frame with wood screws. The
distance between the top edge of the holder and the inside top edge of the frame should be about 40 mm. Be sure
that hole in the holder slopes down towards the bottom of the base. See picture four above.

Step 10 Changes

Cut two 330 mm lengths from the 3/8 inch dowel for legs. Connect the two Foot Balls to the Foot Sockets the
attach them to the dowel pieces you just cut. Attach the legs to the Leg Holders that you screwed to the frame as

Digi-Comp II Replica: Page 13


in image five.

Step 11 Changes

Before you start this section you should now be able to slide the Return Guide through the return slot on the Top
Deck down and under the flap of the return guide holder attached to the Bottom deck. The front edge of the Return
Guide should sit on the bottom edge of the return slot. See picture six. You can use a little two sided tape to
secure the Return Guide to the front edge if you want.

Digi-Comp II Replica: Page 14


Step 7: Finishing Touches

If you are going for the "authentic" look you can add transparency sheet, cut it out, and glued it to the
the Top Deck labels. Use the pictures above for deck.
guidance and carefully cut the labels out of the
printed Labels "sheet" and glue them to the I used some blue enamel model paint to highlight the
appropriate spots on the deck. You can also add the Digi-Comp II label on the Top Deck. I think it looks
New Operations Check List and command summary. great.
I printed the attached Word document on a

Digi-Comp II Replica: Page 15


Download
https://www.instructables.com/ORIG/FUC/2Y95/JRV8CRDO/FUC2Y95JRV8CRDO.docx

Step 8: Fine Tuning

Probably because my home made springs are not as an aside this is actually a desirable characteristic for
uniform as the ones that came with the original Digi- all of the switches except the T-1 to T-6 Accumulator
Comp II I found that I had to tweak them a bit to get Mode switches so I have them "tuned" this way
things to work properly. Let's call the side of the accordingly.) With a little practice though you will be
spring that goes through the hole in the pieces and able to adjust the springs to the proper "Goldilocks
holds them in place the "pivot", and the other side the Zone" .
"stopper". If the stopper is too close to the pivot, the
piece will not be able to twist to the left or right as far Another tip, you should also make sure that Digi-
as it needs in order to operate properly. On the other Comp II is placed on a level surface. It's quite
hand if they are too far apart the stopper will rub susceptible to uneven surfaces.
against the front flat part of the bearing hole
preventing free and easy movement of the part. (As

Step 9: Final Thoughts

When I was a kid I got a Digi-Comp I for Christmas. a Digi-Comp II for some time now. Mark inspired me
Now I'm not saying that it was the only reason I went to take matters into my own hands and I have to tell
into computer programming as a career but it was you that building my own Digi-Comp II was very very
certainly one of them. That original device was lost to satisfying.
the ravages of time, but thanks to Mark Ziemer I now
have an almost perfect replica. I have wanted to own

Digi-Comp II Replica: Page 16


Step 10: Updates

March 2, 2019

Uploaded a replacement for the accumulator flip flop that does not require a steel ball.

DCII Flip Flop With Display Accumulator Register No Ball.stl

April 10, 2019

Mark Ziemer was kind enough to provide cut files for the top deck base, the frame, and supports for the top deck
base. Save time and effort if you have access to a laser cutter or CNC.

DCII Top Panel Cut From .25 Inch Plywood.dxf


DCII 2 Inch Frame Pieces Cut From .25 Inch Plywood.dxf
DCII 1.5 Inch Support Pieces Cut From .75 Inch Plywood.dxf

April 19, 2019

Mark Ziemer has started a series of YouTube videos on building a Digi-Comp II replica. Here is a link to Part 1:

//www.youtube.com/embed/5acEPcxH5Dg

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https://www.instructables.com/ORIG/F1L/N1JA/JU8N996B/F1LN1JAJU8N996B.dxf

View in 3D Download
https://www.instructables.com/ORIG/FSC/CZUQ/JU8N996C/FSCCZUQJU8N996C.dxf

View in 3D Download
https://www.instructables.com/ORIG/FWO/UQLG/JU8N996A/FWOUQLGJU8N996A.dxf

Amazing project! I did not know this mechanical computer, it looks really cool!

For completeness, would you please post the STL file for the bending tool.

Digi-Comp II Replica: Page 17


Good idea. I have added the files to the wire bending section of the Instructable.

Thanks. Also, did you intend to offer a PDF or the like of the labels? You seemto imply in the instux
about printing a sheet of labels. I did not see anything like that to download nor in the two PDF or
the DOC file that are already available for download.
The labels are actually done as an STL file DCII Labels which I missed uploading. It should be
there now.
With you knowledge you could update the Wikipedia. There is not even a picture!

Very good and it is best for understanding computer working

Very neat work! For readers interested in a modern version of this same idea, check out Turing
Tumble (https://www.turingtumble.com/). I'm not associated with those guys in any way; just a
happy customer (we have two of these in our hous, and both kids and parents have put in many
hours playing with it).
I too am a proud owner of a Turing Tumble. It's an amazing product!

I am so impressed with the 3D files that you created! How did you go about creating them all?
I am getting a 3D printer this week...so I very curious about how to create object and what the best
program for beginners to use? Thus far I am thinking Tinkercad.
Thank you for sharing!
I got my 3D printer less than a year ago so I’m still pretty new to all of this myself. I was pretty
intimidated when I started by the 3D modeling software. Pretty steep learning curve. Then I
discovered Tinkercad. I believe it’s a great way to get the most out of your 3D printer at the
beginning. Check out my Think-a-Dot Instructable. It was modeled entirely in Tinkercad. I’ve since
been learning Fusion 360 which I used for this project, but knowing Tinkercad helped me a lot.
As a child, I have read about mechanical computers, including one that used a large rotating drum
as the body, paper templates for the programming, and spring contacts to run a battery supply
current to power the "computer" through the templates and compute results. Your project is an
unique physical computer that I have not read about before. It can be a great project for children
who wish to build a "computer" and not need electronics to do logical problems. Good job!
Thank you for posting. The original Digi-Comp II was meant to be an educational toy. Back in the
60’s there were no personal computers. For most kids this product and the Digi-Comp I were as
close as they could get to the real thing.
I don't know much about computers or their history but must say that this looks intruiging.
Interesting Instructable, thanks for sharing!
Thanks for posting. I very much enjoyed the process of creating this replica.

Digi-Comp II Replica: Page 18

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