Oas Community College

Calzada, Oas, Albay

Name: ___ABEGAIL C. RELUNIA_ Course/Year: ___BSED 3C-SCIENCE__Score:_____

MIDTERM EXAMINATION
BIOLOGY 4
(Anatomy and Physiology)

I. Direction: Read and write your answer on a sheet of paper.

1. A scientist wants to study how the body uses foods and fluids during a marathon
run. The scientist is most likely a(an),
a. Exercise physiologist
b. Microscopic anatomist
c. Regional physiologist
d. Systemic anatomist
2. Which of the following is an example of a normal physiologic process that uses
positive feedback loop?
a. Blood pressure regulation
b. Childbirth
c. Regulation of fluid balance
d. Temperature regulation
3. Humans have the most urgent need for a continuous supply of ______
a. Food
b. Nitrogen
c. Oxygen
d. Water
4. Which of the following imaging studies can be used most safely during pregnancy?
a. CT scans
b. PET scans
c. Ultrasounds
d. X-rays
5. The system responsible for the structural support and movement is the _______
a. Cardiovascular system
b. Endocrine system
c. Muscular system
d. Skeletal system

6. When an atom donates an electron to another atom, it becomes

a. An ion
b. An anion
c. Nonpolar
d. All of the above
7. The characteristics that gives an element its distinctive properties is its number of
_____
a. Protons
b. Neutrons
c. Electron
d. Atoms
 8. Nitrogen has an atomic number of seven. How many electron shells does it have?
a. One
b. Two
c. Three
d. Four
9. The energy stored in a foot of snow on a steep roof is ___________
a. Potential energy
b. Kinetic energy
c. Radiant energy
d. Activation energy
10. ____________ reactions release energy
a. Catabolic
b. Exergonic
c. Decomposition
d. Catabolic, exergonic and decomposition
11. What organic compound do brain cells primarily rely on fuel?
a. Glucose
b. Glycogen
c. Galactose
d. Glycerol
12. Uracil _____________.
a. Contains nitrogen
b. Is a primidine
c. Is found in RNA
d. All of the above
13. The ability of the enzyme’s active sites to bind only subtrates of compatible shape
and charge is known as
a. Selectivity
b. Specificity
c. Subjectivity
d. Specialty
14. The DNA nucleotide bonding forms a compound with a characteristics shape known
as
a. Beta chain
b. Pleated sheet
c. Alpha helix
d. Double helix
15. The heart is within the ________
a. Cranial cavity
b. Mediastinum
c. Posterior (dorsal) cavity
d. All of the above

II. Answer the following:

1. Explain why ultrasound imaging is the technique of choice for studying fetal
growth and development.
Ultrasonography does not expose a mother or fetus to radiation,
radiopharmaceuticals, or to magnetic fields. At this time, there are no known
medical risks of ultrasonography. Ultrasound is the modality of choice when
imaging the pregnancy and fetus.  It is noninvasive, safe due to absence of
radiation, low in cost and has widespread availability.  The technique has high
 accuracy and superior spatial resolution, allowing real time, color Doppler,
multiplanar and 3-4 dimensional capabilities. Throughout pregnancy, ultrasound
may be used to determine the cause of unexplained vaginal bleeding or other
complications.  It may also be used to guide certain procedures that are performed
in an attempt to improve the outcome of a fetus with a given problem, e.g.
amnioreduction/amnioinfusion, antenatal shunt placement, or ablation in the
context of Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome.
Ultrasound imaging uses sound waves to produce pictures of the inside of
the body. It is used to help diagnose the causes of pain, swelling and infection in
the body's internal organs and to examine a baby in pregnant women and the
brain and hips in infants. It's also used to help guide biopsies, diagnose heart
conditions, and assess damage after a heart attack. Ultrasound is safe,
noninvasive, and does not use ionizing radiation. That’s why it is the technique of
choice for studying fetal growth and development because it is hundred percent
safe for bothe the mother and to the fetal or to the baby inside the womb.

2. Once dietary fats are digested and absorbed, why can they not be released
directly into the bloodstream?

Fats are packed in such a way that it is ready for storage and available for future
use for the body. Fats as lipoproteins are unable to be dissolved in the bloodstream
which most off it is water. Also, it should not freely be in the blood since it has the
tendency to lodge itself in the blood walls forming into plaques which can produce
blockage. Since fats are insoluble in water, they’re digested and absorbed into our
bloodstream differently than carbs and proteins. At least that’s true for most of the fats in
our diet but not all of them. One group of fats medium chain triglycerides is an exception.
They’re digested more like carbs than fats, so they take a direct path to the bloodstream.

3. Which medical imaging technique is most dangerous to use repeatedly, and

why?
 Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography
(CT) is a noninvasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze
several cross-sectional X-rays in order to reveal minute details about
structures in the body The technique was invented in the 1970s and is
based on the principle that, as X-rays pass through the body, they are
absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies
on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT)
scanner rotates 360 degrees around the patient, taking X-ray images. A
computer combines these images into a two-dimensional view of the
scanned area, or “slice.” Since 1970, the development of more powerful
computers and more sophisticated software has made CT scanning
routine for many types of diagnostic evaluations . It is especially useful
for soft tissue scanning, such as of the brain and the thoracic and
abdominal viscera. Its level of detail is so precise that it can allow
physicians to measure the size of a mass down to a millimeter . The
main disadvantage of CT scanning is that it exposes patients to a dose of
radiation many times higher than that of X-rays. In fact, children who
undergo CT scans are at increased risk of developing cancer, as are
adults who have multiple CT scans.
That why the medical imaging technique that is most dangerous to
use repeatedly is CT scanning because it exposes patients to much
 higher levels of radiation than X-rays, and it should not be performed
repeatedly.

4. Name at least three reasons to study anatomy and physiology.

 Anatomy and Physiology provide basic knowledge about the human body. It helps
in clearing the fundamental concepts as to how our bodies function.
 Anatomy and Physiology are one of the most prominent and crucial subjects of
medical and nursing education. Without studying these essential topics, no
doctor, nurse or physician can work & function in the medical and healthcare
sector.
 Anatomy and Physiology education help in understanding the health status of
patients. It helps in assessing, evaluating, diagnosing and tracking a patient’s
health. The theories of this subject assist in comprehending the overall condition
of the human body.

5. The female ovaries and the male testes are a part of which body system? Can
these organs be members of more than one system? Why or why not.
The ovaries and testes as essentially part of the reproductive system
because it is primarily for the development of the egg and sperm respectively
which are important in fertilization. However, the endocrine system includes
the pituitary glands in the brain, the thyroid gland in the kidneys, and the teste
in the scrotum of males as well as the ovaries in the pelvic region of females.
That why they can be considered also as part of the endocrine system since
both secrete hormones necessary for body functions. The ovaries secrete
progesterone and estrogen while the testes secrete testosterone. So yes
female ovaries and the male testes are part of reproductive and endocrine
system that’s why they can be a members of more than one system.