REAL GDP GROWTH

GDP GROWTH (ANNUAL %)

3500

3000

2500

2000
Axis Title

1500

1000

500

0
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

INDIA

 The statistics show GDP in India from 2004 to 2019.

 By the turn of the 21st century, India was rapidly progressing towards a free-market
economy.
 India's development has continued since.
 In 2019, GDP in India was at around 2.87 trillion U.S. dollars.
 It was due to an unsustainable fiscal deficit or another macroeconomic policy (such
as in 2010–11).
 The only durable episode of growth sustaining at levels above 8 percent for 5
continuous years is the one that lasted from 2004 to 2008.
 After the decline in the wake of the Global Financial Crisis, the Indian economy
started its recovery in March 2013 — more than a year before the present
government took charge.
 But more importantly, this recovery turned into a secular deceleration of growth since
the third quarter (October to December) of 2016-17.
 GDP growth has slowed in recent years, due in part to skyrocketing inflation.

TAIWAN

 Taiwan's economy recovered quickly from the global financial crisis of 2007–2010,
and it has been steadily growing since then.
 Its economy experienced a downturn in 2009 as a result of its heavy reliance on
exports, making it vulnerable to global markets.
  In the fourth quarter of 2008, unemployment reached levels not seen since 2003, and
the economy fell 8.36 percent.
 In response, the government announced a US$5.6 billion economic stimulus
package (3% of GDP), financial incentives for businesses, and tax breaks.
 Taiwan's unemployment rate had fallen to a two-year low of 4.73 percent by
November 2010, and had continued to fall to a 40-month low of 4.18 percent by the
end of 2011.
 Taiwan's services sector accounts for approximately 62 percent of its GDP, while its
industry sector accounts for approximately 35 percent of total GDP in Taiwan.
 Taiwan has consistently maintained a trade surplus over the last decade and is well-
known for its exports of electronics, machinery, and petrochemicals. Taiwan's GDP in
2019 was estimated to be around 612.17 billion US dollars.

HONG KONG

 Hong Kong has more economic freedoms, but those economic policies are still
ultimately controlled by Beijing.
 Hong Kong has more economic freedoms, but those economic policies are still
ultimately controlled by Beijing.
 In December 2018, the data significantly increased to 361.69 billion USD.
 Domestically, recent public infrastructure investment and associated large capital
goods imports have increased the economy's productive capacity.
 Furthermore, with many emigrants returning to Hong Kong, the labour supply has
increased after a decade of scarcity.
 Because of the Chinese slowdown, the largely open Hong Kong market is vulnerable
to downward shifts.
 Furthermore, the economy's reliance on trade and open markets has resulted in GDP
fluctuations.
CORRUPTION INDEX

Corruption Index
90

80

70

60

50
Axis Title

40

30

20

10

0
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

INDIA

 In 2005, India reported that more than 62 percent of Indians had paid a bribe to a
public official at some point to get a job done.
 In 2008, roughly half of Indians had firsthand experience paying bribes or using
contacts to obtain services from government agencies.
 Corruption is caused by a variety of factors, including officials syphoning money from
government social welfare schemes.
 Allegations of corrupt Indian citizens stashing millions of rupees in Swiss banks have
been widely publicised in the media.
 Swiss authorities denied the allegations, which were later proven to be true in 2015–
2016.
 According to a 2011 report, the three most corrupt sectors in India are real estate,
telecommunications, and government-run social development projects.
 A rising index from 2011 to 2019 indicates increased anti-corruption efforts and
decreased corruption.

TAIWAN

 The main findings are as follows: first, as implied above, there is not one, but two
critical junctures on Taiwan's road towards ethical universalism.
 Second, though most breakthroughs in the fight against corruption were achieved in
the change of ruling parties, I will show that a distinction needs to be made between
how parties act as collective actors and how individuals within these parties relate to
institutions.
 However, that influential individuals in both parties tried to change or subvert the
party's dominating strategy highlights the role of agency, and arguably a good part of
 the misconceptions in the general population result from the inability to distinguish
between systematic and individualized corruption.
 Third and relatedly, I Will show that agency matters: the strengths and weaknesses
of the various ministers of justice had a large impact on the development of Taiwan's
anti-corruption policies.
 Perhaps most important is the fourth point: the control of corruption is inseparable
from improving the rule of law, and the professionalization and independence of
Taiwan’s judicial system has probably been the single most important achievement in
Taiwan’s anti-corruption reforms.
 Although this might once more seem trivial, few previous studies on Taiwan's anti-
corruption have taken this into consideration.

HONG KONG

 Hong Kong's Corruption Index fell to 76 points in 2019 from 80 points in 2004.
 In 2020, Hong Kong's Corruption Perceptions Index increased to 77 index points.
 The maximum level was 84 index points, and the lowest level was 70.1 index points.
 Corruption is caused in part by political and cultural factors.
 Ineffective law enforcement may exacerbate it.
 It is notable that it is consistently lower in democratically governed countries (form of
government in Hong Kong: Presidential Limited Democracy).

My contribution (Ayushi Thakkar-211167)

In this study, I concentrated primarily on two variables: foreign direct investment and GDP. I
gathered and analysed data from all three countries as part of our research. After reading
numerous study articles and websites, I drew conclusions based on trends found in the
graph. I also sought the assistance of my group when drawing inferences for the parameters
I worked on. The majority of the observed trends were caused by global influences. Finally, I
saw how microeconomic effects, policy reforms by the relevant government, and
infrastructure changes could have far-reaching national consequences. I examined the
graphs of other factors and made precise observations as part of my team's contribution.