Transformer (MCQs With Explanatory Answers)

1. A Transformer is designed to be operated on both 50 & 60 Hz frequency.For the

Same rating, which one will give more out put; when,

1. Operates on 50 Hz
2. Operates on 60 Hz

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Answer: 1. operates on 50 Hz
Suppose,
When Transformer operates on 50 Hz Frequency
Transformer = 100kVA, R=700Ω, L=1.2 H, f= 50 Hz.
XL = 2πfL = 2 x 3.1415 x 50 x 1.2 = 377 Ω
impedance Z = √ (R2+XL2) = √ (7002 + 3772) = 795 Ω
Power factor Cos θ = R/Z = 700/795 =0.88
Transformer Output (Real Power)
kVA x Cos θ = 100kVA x 0.88
88000 W = 88kW
Now,
When Transformer operates on 60 Hz Frequency
Transformer =100kVA, R=700Ω, L=1.2 H, f= 60 Hz.
XL = 2πfL = 2 x 3.1415 x 60 x1.2 = 452.4 Ω
impedance Z = √ (R2+XL2) = √ (7002 + 452.4 2) = 833.5 Ω
Power factor = Cos θ = R/Z = 700/833.5 =0.839
Transformer Output (Real Power)
kVA x Cos θ 100kVA x 0.839
=83900W = 83.9kW Output
Now see the difference (real power i.e., in Watts)
88kW- 83.9kW = 4100 W = 4.1kW
If we do the same (As above) for the power transformer i.e,
for 500kVATransformer, the result may be huge, as below.
(Suppose everything is same, without frequency)
Power Transformer Output (When operates on 50 Hz)
 500kVA x 0.88 = 44000 = 440kW
Power Transformer Output (When operates on 60 Hz)
500kVA x 0.839 = 419500 = 419.5kW
Difference in Real power i.e. in Watts
440kW – 419.5kW = 20500 = 20kVA
2. In a Transformer , The primary flux is always _________ the secondary ( flux).

1. Greater then
2. Smaller then
3. Equal
4. Equal in both step up and Step down Transformer

By: Wasim Khan.................http://electricaltechnology.org/...................(Copyright Material)

Answer: 4. Equal in both step up and Step down Transformer
Flux in Primary and Secondary Winding is always equal.
Explanation:
Given Data;

Primary Number of Turns N1 = 524,

Secondary Number of Turns N2 = 70

Primary Input Voltage V1= 3300 Volts.

Secondary Current I2= 250 A.

Find/Calculate?

Secondary Voltage V2 =?

Primary Current I1=?

Φm 1 = Φm2
We Know that,

N2/N1 = V2/V1 ====> V2 = (N2 x V1)/N1

Putting the Values

V2 = (70 x 3300)/525 = 440 Volts Ans.

Now if Neglecting Losses,

V1I1= V2I2 ====> I1/I2 = V2/ V1 …..Or.....I1 = (V2 x I2) / V1

Putting the Values,

I1 = 440 x 250/3300 = 33.3 Amp Ans.

Now turn around the Transformer equation.

E1 = 4.44 f N1 φm1

φm1 = E1 / 4.44 f N1

Putting the Values

Φm 1 = 3300 / (4.44 x 50 x 525) = 0.0283 Weber’s

Φm 1 = 28.3mWeber’s = Flux in Primary Windings

Same is on the other side,

E2 = 4.44 f N2 φm2

Φm2 = E2 / 4.44 f N2

Putting the values,

Φm2 = 440 / (4.44 x 50 x 70) = 0.0283 Weber’s

Φm2 = 28.3mWeber’s = Flux in secondary Windings

So You can see the flux (Φm) produced in Both Primary and Secondary Winding
is same.
 3. What would happen if we operate a 60 Hz Transformer on 50 Hz Source of Supply.(and how
can we do that?

1. Current will decrease (so increase the current)

2. Current will increase ( so decrease the current)
3. Current will be same in both cases.
4. No Effect ( We can do that without changing anything)
5. We can't perform such an operation.

By: Wasim Khan.................http://electricaltechnology.org/...................(Copyright Material)

Answer: 2. Current will increase ( so decrease the current)
Explanation: Suppose this is a 60 Hz transformer
 4. A Step-Up Transformer which has 110/220 turns.What would happen if we replace it with
10/20 turns? (because Turns ratio would be same in both cases)

1. induced E.M.F wold be same

2. Induced E.M.F would be decreased

By: Wasim Khan.................http://electricaltechnology.org/...................(Copyright Material)

Ans: 2. Induced E.M.F would be decreased
Explanation:
 Click image to enlarge

5. The rating of transformer may be expressed in ____________.

1. kW
2. kVAR
3. kVA
4. Horse power.
 By: Wasim Khan.................http://electricaltechnology.org/...................(Copyright Material)
Answer: 3. kVA
Explanation:
There are two type of losses in a transformer;
1. Copper Losses
2. Iron Losses or Core Losses or Insulation Losses
Copper losses ( I²R )depends on Current which passing through transformer winding while Iron
Losses or Core Losses or Insulation Losses depends on Voltage.
That's why the rating of Transformer in kVA,Not in kW.
6. What will happen if the primary of a transformer is connected to D.C supply?

1. Transformer will operate with low efficiency

2. Transformer will operate with high efficiency
3. No effect
4. Transformer may start to smoke and burn

By: Wasim Khan.................http://electricaltechnology.org/...................(Copyright Material)

Answer: 4. Transformer may start to smoke and burn.
Explanation:
 7. What would happen if a power transformer designed for operation on 50 Hz (frequency)
were connected to a 500 Hz (frequency) source of the same voltage?

1. Current will be too much high

2. Transformer may start to smoke and burn
3. Eddy Current and Hysteresis loss will be excessive
4. No effect

By: Wasim Khan.................http://electricaltechnology.org/...................(Copyright Material)

Answer: 3. Eddy Current and Hysteresis loss will be excessive
Explanation;
 8. What would happen if a power transformer designed for operation on 50 Hz (frequency)
were connected to a 5 Hz (frequency) source of the same voltage?

1. Current will be too much low

2. Transformer may start to smoke
3. Eddy Current and Hysteresis loss will be excessive
4. No effect

By: Wasim Khan.................http://electricaltechnology.org/...................(Copyright Material)

Answer: 2. Transformer may start to smock
Explanation:
 9. A Step Up transformer _____________.

1. Step Up the level of Voltage

2. Step down the level of current
3. Step up level the power
4. Step up the level of Frequency
5. 1 and 2 only
 By: Wasim Khan.................http://electricaltechnology.org/...................(Copyright Material)
Answer: 5. 1 and 2 only.

Explanation:
A Step up transformer only step up the level of voltage and step down the level of
current.
because the input power is same.
So according to P=VI→ I = P/V.... We can see that, when Voltage increases, current
decreases.
So in Step up transformer, input power is same, therefore, when voltage increases,
then current decreases.
10. Under what condition is D.C supply applied safely to the primary of a transformer?

1. We can connect directly to DC. No condition required

2. We can't connect to DC Supply
3. A High resistance should be connect in series with primary, but circuit will be useless.
4. The above statement is wrong

By: Wasim Khan.................http://electricaltechnology.org/...................(Copyright Material)

Answer: 3. A High resistance should be connect in series with primary, but circuit will be
useless.
Explanation:
 11. An Auto-transformer (which has only one winding) may be used as a ______?

1. Step-Up Transformer
2. Step-Down Transformer
3. Both Step-Up and Step-Down transformer
4. None of the above

By: Wasim Khan.................http://electricaltechnology.org/...................(Copyright Material)

Answer: 3. Both Step-Up and Step-Down transformer
Explanation:

12. E.M.F Equation of the Transformer is _________.

1. E1 = 4.44 f N1 Øm , E2=4.44 f N2 Øm
2. E1 = 4.44 f N1 Bm A , E2 = 4.44 f N2 Bm A
3. E1= 4.44 N1 Øm/T , E2=4.44 N2 Øm/T
4. All of the above
5. None of the above
 By: Wasim Khan.................http://electricaltechnology.org/...................(Copyright Material)
Answer: 4. All of the above
Explanation:
Take the basic Equation of the transformer (Option 1) E1 = 4.44 f N1 Øm , E2=4.44 f N2 Øm ,
and then, first put the value of Øm = Bm A. So the equation becomes as in Option 2.
Now put the value of Frequency ( f = 1/T ) in Equation on Option (1). So the equation becomes as in
Option 3.
13. The friction losses in Real Transformers are _________?

1. 0%
2. 5%
3. 25%
4. 50%

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Answer: 1. 0%
Explanation: Transformer is a Static Devise. So, no rotation, No Friction losses.
14. In Three Phase Transformer, The load Current is 139.1A, and Secondary Voltage is 415V.
The Rating of the Transformer would be ___________.

1. 50kVA
2. 57.72kVA
3. 100kVA
4. 173kVA

By: Wasim Khan.................http://electricaltechnology.org/...................(Copyright Material)

Answer: 3. 100kVA
Explanation:
Rating of a Three Phase Transformer:
P = √3. V x I
Rating of a Three phase transformer in kVA
kVA = (√3. V x I) /1000
Now
P = √3 x V x I (Secondary voltages x Secondary Current)
P= √3 x 415V x 139.1A = 1.732 x 415V x 139.1A= 99,985 VA = 99.98kVA=100kVA
 For more Detail
How to Calculate/Find the Rating of Transformer (Single Phase and Three Phase)?
15 In Single Phase Transformer, The Primary Current and Primary Voltage is 4.55 and 11kV
respectively. The Rating of the transformer would be________?

1. 50kVA
2. 86kVA
3. 100kVA
4. 150kVA

By: Wasim Khan.................http://electricaltechnology.org/...................(Copyright Material)

Answer: 1. 50kVA
Explanation:
Rating of a Single Phase Transformer:
P= VxI
Rating of a Single phase transformer in kVA
kVA = (V x I) /1000
Now
P = V x I (Primary voltages x Primary Current)
P = 11000V x 4.55A = 50,050VA = 50 kVA
For more Detail
How to Calculate/Find the Rating of Transformer (Single Phase and Three Phase)?
16. An Isolation Transformer Has Primary to Secondary turns ratio of __________.

1. 1 : 2
2. 2 : 1
3. 1 : 1
4. Can be any ratio

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Answer: 3. 1:1
Explanation: Isolation Transformer is used for isolation purpose only. Isolation transformer transfer
electrical power from the source circuit to another circuit with connecting electrically (but
magnetically) for preventing electric shock and also used in sensitive devices (like medical
equipment etc). Thus, isolation between two electrical circuit can be done by Isolation transformer
with turns ratio of 1:1.
 17. In an Auto Transformer, The Primary and Secondary are__________Coupled.

1. Only Magnetically
2. Only Electrically
3. Magnetically as well as Electrically
4. None of the above

By: Wasim Khan.................http://electricaltechnology.org/...................(Copyright Material)

Answer: 3. Magnetically as well as Electrically
Explanation: As we know that in a Transformer, Primary and Secondary winding are magnetically
coupled. But in case of Auto transformer, there is only one winding (which is used both as a Primary
and Secondary). Thus, in an In an Auto Transformer, The Primary and Secondary are Magnetically
as well as Electrically Coupled.
for More detail: Check MCQs No 11 with diagram.
18. A Transformer______________.

1. Changes ac to DC
2. Changes dc to AC
3. Steps up or down DC Voltages & Current
4. Steps up or down AC Voltages & Current

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Answer: 4. Step up or Step down AC Voltage & Current
Explanation: A Transformer does not work on DC and operates only and only on AC, therefore it
Step up of Step down the level of AC Voltage or Current.
For More detail: Check MCQs No 9
19. Transformer is a device which:________________.

1. Transfer Electrical power from one electrical circuit to another Electrical circuit
2. It’s working without changing the frequency
3. Work through on electric induction.
4. When, both circuits take effect of mutual induction
5. Can step up or step down the level of voltage.
6. Its Working without changing the Power.
7. All of the above
By: Wasim Khan.................http://electricaltechnology.org/...................(Copyright Material)
Answer: 7. All of the above
Explanation: Transformer