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Plano West Senior High

94
 ACCELERATION

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Plano West Senior High

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Plano West Senior High
98
 FBD
(free-body diagram)

Parallelogram
Method

1. Draw an arrow
representing the
weight of the object.

1
 1. Draw an arrow
representing the
weight of the object.
2. Label the arrow Fg.

Fg

3. Draw a dashed line

the same length as
Fg to balance the
weight.

Fg

2
 4. Draw lines parallel to
the strings to form a
parallelogram.

Fg

5. Draw arrows
parallel to the
sides of the
parallelogram
along the two
strings

Fg

3
 5. Draw arrows
parallel to the
sides of the
parallelogram
along the two
strings

Fg

6. Label arrows.

Fg

4
 6. Label arrows.
7. Notation
Force of Gravity, Fg
Tension, FT
FT Normal, FN
Friction, Ff

FT
Fg

8. Remember,
ONLY the
arrows are the
free body
diagram.
FT

FT
Fg

10

5
 9. What’s the net
force on the
FTx
rock? ZERO

FTx + FTy = FT FTy

FT
Fg
SFy = FTy + Fg = 0
SFx = FTx+ FT = 0

11

Finished
FBD
FT

FT
Fg

12

6
 4/18/21

F. B. D. WORKSHEET
(Free-body diagrams)

#1 Equilibrium Ft

Fg = weight force
Ft = tension force

Fg
SFvertical = 0
2

1
 4/18/21

#2 Equilibrium
Fg = weight force
FN
FN= normal force

Fg FN
Fg
SFvertical = 0

#3 Rock sliding; no friction

Fg = weight force FN
FN = normal force

SFvertical = 0 Fg

2
 4/18/21

#4 Rock sliding to stop

FN
Fg = weight force
FN = normal force Ff

Ff = friction force

Fnet Fg

Fnet = Ff

#5 Rock falling; no friction

Fg = weight force

Fnet = Fg

Fg

3
 4/18/21

#6 Rock falling; constant v

Fg = weight force
Ff = friction force Ff

Fnet = 0
Fg

#7 Rock falling; no friction

Fg = weight force

Fnet = Fg
Fg

4
 4/18/21

#8 Rock falling; no friction

Fg = weight force

Fnet = Fg
Fg

#9 horizontally at constant v

Fg = weight force FtH

FtV
Ft = tension force
Ft
Ff = friction force Ff
IF horizontal velocity
is constant, then
Fg
net horizontal force
MUST BE ZERO SF = 0
10

5
 4/18/21

#10 Equilibrium

Fg = weight force
Ft1 = tension force #1 Ft1 Ft2
Ft2 = tension force #2

Ft2
Fg
Ft1
Fg
SF = 0
11

#11 Equilibrium

Fg = weight force
Ft1
Ft1 = tension force #1
Ft2 = tension force #2 Ft2
Ft2
Fg
Fg
Ft1

SF = 0
12

6
 4/18/21

#12 Equilibrium
Fg = weight force
Ft = tension force FN
Ft
FN= normal force

FN
SF = 0 Fg
Fg
Ft

13

#13 Equilibrium FN1

Fg = weight force FN2

FN1 = normal force 1
FN2= normal force 2

FN1
Fg Fg

FN2
SF = 0

14

7
 4/18/21

#14 Friction prevents sliding

Fg = weight force
FN
Ff = friction force Ff
FN= normal force

FN
Fg
Fg
Ff
SF = 0
15

#15 Rock sliding; no friction

Fg = weight force FN
FN = normal force

Fnet

Fg
FN Fg

Fnet = Unbalanced Force

16

8
 Essential Questions

Force 1. How can 1 + 1 ≠ 2?

2. What happens when a force is applied to an object?
3. How are all the forces acting on an object illustrated?
Newton’s Laws 4. How can objects experience a frictional force?
5. Is the sum of all the forces in the universe an odd or

Honors
FBD Scenarios even number?

Enduring Understanding - A net force is required to change an object's velocity; no force is Learning Targets: 2, 3, 4, 6, 9
required to explain constant velocity.

Directions – Using the forces identified in each of the scenarios, qualitatively draw and label the FBDs for
the static, SF = 0, and dynamic, SF ¹ 0, situations. Let the dot represent the box. After completing each
FBD draw an arrow in the box beneath the FBD that points in the direction of the net force. If there is no
net force write zero in the box. If an FBD is impossible to draw place an X in the box.
Scenario Static, SF = 0 Dynamic, SF ¹ 0
Two horizontal Fnet to the RIGHT Fnet to the LEFT
forces, F1 and
F2, equal in F2 F2
magnitude are
applied to a box F1 F1
resting on a
frictionless
surface. Direction of Fnet N/A Direction of Fnet Right Direction of Fnet Left
F1 = F2
Two horizontal LARGEST possible Fnet SMALLEST possible Fnet
forces, F1 and
F2, NOT equal
in magnitude F2
Not possible
are applied to a F1
box resting on a
frictionless
surface. Direction of Fnet N/A Direction of Fnet Right Direction of Fnet Right
F1 > F2
The box is Box is accelerated UP Box is accelerated DOWN
placed in the
palm of the
hand.
FN
What two
forces are
applied to the Fg
box?
_Normal_____ Direction of Fnet N/A Direction of Fnet Up Direction of Fnet Down
_Gravity_____
The box is Box is SPEEDING UP Box is SLOWING DOWN
pushed across
a rough
horizontal
surface.
What four
forces are
applied to the
box?
_Normal_____
_Gravity_____ Is the box moving?
_Friction_____
_Normal (Push) Direction of Fnet N/A Direction of Fnet Right Direction of Fnet Left
Directions – Using the forces identified in the scenario, qualitatively draw and label the FBDs for the static,
SF = 0, and dynamic, SF ¹ 0, situations. Let the dot represent the box. The sum of the forces should point
in the GENERAL direction of the net force shown in the box beneath each FBD. The magnitude of the four
forces is not given. Each of the four scenarios may require that the magnitude of the forces be varied to
meet the required summation of forces (net force).

Scenario Static, SF = 0 Dynamic, SF ¹ 0

The box rests on
a frictionless
horizontal
surface. Four
forces, F1 ,F2, F3
and F4, are
applied to the
box. One force is
applied to each
of the four
vertical sides.
No force is
applied to the top
of the box.

F1 points RIGHT
Direction of Fnet N/A Direction of Fnet
& Direction of Fnet
%
F2 points LEFT Direction of the forces
F3 points UP F1 ,F2, F3 and F4 relative
F4 points DOWN to the page.

Draw each FBD

as a TOP view
(looking down
onto the box
from above).

NOTE – The magnitudes

may be varied.
Direction of Fnet ' Direction of Fnet (
Example - Calculate the net force using the given values for FA ,FB, FC and FD.
How much force acts in the How much force acts in the
HORIZONTAL Direction VERTICAL Direction
FA = 10 N at 45° + 7.07 N +7.07 N
FB = 8 N at 120° - 4.00 N +6.93 N
FC = 9 N at 240° -4.50 N -7.79 N
FD = 4 N at 300° 2.00 N -3.46 N
Summation of
+0.57 N +2.75 N
Forces
Using the Pythagorean Theorem calculate the net force.
Magnitude = (0.57 N)2 + (2.75 N)2 = 2.80 N
Direction = q = tan -1 (2.75 N 0.57 N) = 78.29 !
 4/18/21

F. B. D. WORKSHEET
(Scenarios)

Two horizontal forces, F1 and F2, equal in magnitude are applied

to a box resting on a frictionless surface.F1 = F2

F1 F2
SF = RIGHT
F1 F2 a = RIGHT
SF = ZERO

F1 F2
SF = LEFT
a = LEFT

1
 4/18/21

Two horizontal forces, F1 and F2, NOT equal in magnitude are

applied to a box resting on a frictionless surface.F1 > F2

F1 F2
SF = LARGEST
a = LARGEST

SF = ZERO
NOT POSSIBLE
F1 F2
SF = SMALLEST
a = SMALLEST

The box is placed in the palm of the hand.

What two forces are applied to the box?

FN FN FN

Fg Fg Fg

SF = ZERO SF = UP SF = DOWN
a = ZERO a = UP a = DOWN
FN > Fg FN < Fg

2
 4/18/21

The box is pushed across a rough horizontal surface.

What four forces are applied to the box?

FN FN
Ff FN Ff
Fg Fg
FN
Ff SPEEDING UP SLOWING DOWN
FN SF = RIGHT SF = LEFT
Fg

SF = ZERO FN FN
FN Ff FN Ff
Fg Fg

SPEEDING UP SLOWING DOWN

SF = LEFT SF = RIGHT

The box is pushed across a rough horizontal surface.

What four forces are applied to the box?

F3 F3
SF =& SF = %
F3 F2 F1 F2 F1
F4 F4
F2 F1
F4
F3 F3
SF = ZERO

F2 F1 F2 F1
F4 F4
SF = ' SF = (

3
 Essential Questions

Force 1. How can 1 + 1 ≠ 2?

2. What happens when a force is applied to an object?
3. How are all the forces acting on an object illustrated?
Newton’s Laws 4. How can objects experience a frictional force?
5. Is the sum of all the forces in the universe an odd or

Honors
FBD with Calculations even number?

Enduring Understanding - A net force is required to change an object's velocity; no force is Learning Targets: 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 11, 12
required to explain constant velocity.

Horizontal and Vertical Examples

Problem FBD Solution

Number 1 from FBD Worksheet E: SF = ma
G: Fg = 50 N
Define a coordinate system
U: FT
Define the Newton, N, as the unit up = positive; down = negative.
of force. FT + (–Fg) = ma = zero
Expand a newton into a kgm/s2
Define tension force. S: FT = Fg
S: FT = 50 N
FT = Fg
Number 4 from FBD Worksheet E: SF = ma
G: m = 10 kg
a = 2 m/s2 Define a coordinate system
up = positive; down = negative;
U: Ff left = positive; right = negative
Define normal force. See page
141 in the HOLT textbook. SF = Ff = ma
FN = Fg
Define friction force; force that Ff < FN S: Ff = (10 kg)(2m/s2)
(This will be explained later in the unit.)
opposes motion. S: Ff = 20 N
Number 5 from FBD Worksheet E: SF = ma
G: Fg = 49 N
m = 5 kg Define a coordinate system
U: acceleration up = negative; down = positive.
SF = Fg = ma
Define the acceleration due to
gravity, g = 9.8 m/s2 down S: a = 49 N / 5 kg
Define Fg = mg S: a = g = 9.8 m/s2 (positive = down)
Example Problems - Horizontal / Vertical - Continued

Number 3 from FBD Worksheet E: SF = ma, Fg = mg

G: m = 30 kg
g = 9.8 m/s2, down Define a coordinate system
up = positive; down = negative.
U: FN
FN + (–Fg) = ma = zero
Define weight or the force of FN = Fg
S: FN = (30 kg)( 9.8 m/s2)
gravity, Fg = mg. See page 141 S: FN = 294 N
in the HOLT textbook.

Example Problems - Inclined

Problem FBD Solution
Number 15 from FBD Worksheet E: SF = ma, Fg = mg
G: m = 10 kg
surfaces inclined at 30˚
Perpendicular Direction
U: a SF = ma = zero
The rock is not accelerating off the
Rotate the x and y axes until the incline
x-axis is parallel to the inclined FN = Fgcosq.
plane and the y-axis is
perpendicular to the inclined Parallel Direction
plane. SF = ma (not zero)
The rock is accelerating down the
The component parallel to the incline.
incline is equal to mgsinq. FNET = Fgsinq = ma
FNET = mgsinq = ma
The component perpendicular to mgsinq = ma
the incline is equal to mgcosq.
a = gsinq

S: a = (9.8 m/s2)sin30

S: a = 4.9 m/s2

Problem Bank #1
 F. B. D. With Values
Solutions

#5 Rock falling; no friction

G: m = 10 kg; a = 9.8 m/s2
U: Fg
E: SF = ma
SFy = Fg = ma
Fg = mg +

S: Fg = (10 kg)(9.8 m/s2) Fg

S: Fg = 98 N

1
 #1 Equilibrium
G: FT = 45 N
U: m
E: SF = ma, Fg = mg Ft
+
SFy = FT + (-Fg) = ma = 0
Ft = Fg = mg
m = FT/g Fg
S: m = 45N/9.8 m/s2
S: m = 4.6 kg

#2 Equilibrium
G: m = 30 kg
U: a FN
E: SF = ma
SFy = FN + (-Fg) = ma +
FN - Fg = ma
0 = ma
Fg
S: a = 0 m/s2

2
 #3 Rock sliding with friction @ constant V
(modified)
G: m = 20 kg, Fapplied = 25 N FN
U: Ff
E: SF = ma Ff Fa
SFx = Fa + (-Ff) = ma = 0

Ff = Fa + Fg
S: Ff = 25 N

#14 Friction prevents sliding

G: m = 15 kg, Ff = 1/2 Fg
Ff FN
U: Q
Q
Fg// = Fg sin Q
Q
Ff = Fg sin Q + Fg^
½ Fg = Fg sin Q
Fg
½ = sin Q Fg//
Q = sin-1(1/2)= 30°

3
 #12 Equilibrium
G: FN = 150 N , FT = 100 N
U: m, Q
FN
Fg^ = Fg cos Q Ft
Fg// = Fg sin Q +
Q

(Fg )2= F )
(FT)2 + ( N 2
Fg = mg Fg^ Q

m = (((FT)2 + (FN)2)1/2) / g Fg
Fg//
m = 18.4 kg

#12 Equilibrium
G: FN = 150 N , FT = 100 N
U: m, Q
FN
tan Q = Fg// / Fg^
Ft
Q = tan-1(Fg// / Fg^)
+
Q

Q = tan-1(Ft / FN)
Fg^ Q

Q = 33.7°
Fg
Fg//

4
 #10 Equilibrium
G: Ft = 0.6 Fg
U: Q

Q
Ft1 1/2Fg Ft1 Ft2

sin Q = (1/2 Fg) / Ft

sin Q = (1/2 Fg) / (0.6 Fg)
sin Q = (1/2 / 0.6) Fg
Q = sin-1(1/2 / 0.6) = 56.4°

5
 Essential Questions

Force 1. How can 1 + 1 ≠ 2?

2. What happens when a force is applied to an object?
3. How are all the forces acting on an object illustrated?
Newton’s Laws 4. How can objects experience a frictional force?
5. Is the sum of all the forces in the universe an odd or
Honors
Newton’s Second Law Lab even number?

Enduring Understanding - A net force is required to change an object's velocity; no force is Learning Targets: 1, 2, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12
required to explain constant velocity.

Purpose - Determine a graphical relationship between unbalanced force and mass for an object traveling
along a straight path

Directions - Go to https://www.thephysicsaviary.com/Physics/Programs/Labs/NewtonsLawLab/

Part 1 – FBDs
1. Draw the FBDs for each mass.

Set up Draw the FBD’s on each mass

µ →
y¥
(
\,
E
IF
g
Part 2 – Data Collection F
1. Complete the data table below. g
2. Click on the “Masses” button and adjust the mass of the Hover Puck and Hanging Mass.
3. Click “Start”.
4. Record the time it took for the Hover Puck to complete its 100 cm of travel.
5. Calculate the acceleration of the Hover Puck and Hanging Mass. Hint: initial velocity of the
masses is zero.

Mass of Mass of Acceleration

Acceleration
the the Total Mass Distance of the
Net Force Time of of the Hover
Hover Hanging of System the Puck Hanging
(N) Travel Puck
Puck Mass (kg) Traveled Mass
“FNET” (s) m
(kg) (kg) “mT” (m) ( 2) m
s ( 2)
“mP” “mH” s
FNET = mHg

0.100 0.100 0.980 0.200 1.00

0.628 5.07 5- 07
0.200 0.200 1.96 0.400 1.00 0.640 4.88 4.88
0.300 0.300
2.940.600 1.00 0.642 4.85 4.85
0.400 0.400 3.920.800 1.00
0.638 4.91 4.91
0.500 0.500 4. 90 1.000 1.00 0.651 4.72 4.72
→
VALUES WILL CARTAGE IS

VARY 4.886=4.9
Part 4 – Data Analysis
1. What’s the difference between Newton and newton? (Hint: What and who are we studying?)

PERS#
THE
T UNIT OFFORCE
2. Are the accelerations of the Hover Puck and Hanging Mass the same or different? Explain.
SAME -
CONNECTED BY A STRING
3. What’s the mathematical relationship between Net Force and Mass?
IF -_ ma
4. Graph Net Force vs Total Mass. Think about the relationship between Force and Mass before
choosing x and y axis. The graph may be done on paper or on a computer. You may use the
graph paper provided on the next page, use your own sheet of graph paper or construct a piece
out of white paper.

5. What’s the value of the graph?

4. 9 - SEE GRAPH BELOW -

6. What’s the unit of the slope?

%2
7. How do the accelerations calculate in the data table compare to your slope calculation?
SAME
8. Using your FBDs, derive an equation for the acceleration of the cart.

puck IFN Ft
→
EF=ma

F- ma
tf
=

g
F -
Mpa

, =mna)
a →t

HANG ' Nt MAS

IF -_ ma

a IFT Fg -
F- =ma

y
¥ mug
,
,
,g
exam, ca, ,,
*w,

10.100/(9-9) Mhg -

Mpa -_
Mha
@ =
0=49%2 Mug =
mpatmha
Mh g p= puck

MptMh✓
A= -
h= hanging
mass

Supporting Text: Chapter 4 Sections 1, 2 and 3 Related Problem Bank Problems #1 – 8

 Essential Questions

Force 1. How can 1 + 1 ≠ 2?

2. What happens when a force is applied to an object?
3. How are all the forces acting on an object illustrated?
Newton’s Laws 4. How can objects experience a frictional force?
5. Is the sum of all the forces in the universe an odd or
Honors
Elevator Organizer even number?

Enduring Understanding - A net force is required to change an object's velocity; no force is Learning Targets: 2, 8, 9, 11
required to explain constant velocity.

Directions: Let’s examine the physics of elevator motion. Suppose you are standing on a bathroom scale
in an elevator and wish to calculate what the scale would read while experiencing the following scenarios:
Complete the following for each scenario:
1. Draw the Normal Force qualitatively correct relative to the occupants’ force of gravity, Fg.
2. Circle one of the three choices,   zero, that describes the occupants’ motion.
3. Sum the forces and solve for FN. The positive direction is up in all scenarios.
4. Color each elevator as follows.
i. BLUE - color all squares in which you feel HEAVIER than when at rest.
ii. GREEN - color all squares in which you feel LIGHTER than when at rest.
iii. PURPLE - color all squares in which you feel the SAME as when at rest.
1. Elevator is at Rest 2. Elevator starts from rest and 3. Elevator is moving upwards at
begins moving upwards. a constant velocity
v:   zero v:   zero v:   zero
a:   zero a:   zero a:   zero
F:   zero F:   zero F:   zero
F = ma F = ma F = ma
F =FN-Fg=0 F = FN - Fg =ma F = FN – Fg = 0
FN = Fg = mg FN = Fg + ma FN = Fg =mg
FN = mg + ma
SAME FN =m(g + a) SAME
HEAVY

4. Elevator is moving upwards 5. Elevator has come to a 6. Elevator starts from rest and
and begins slowing down complete stop begins moving downwards
v:   zero v:   zero v:   zero
a:   zero a:   zero a:   zero
F:   zero F:   zero F:   zero
F = ma F = ma F = ma
F = FN – Fg = -ma F = FN – Fg = 0 F = FN – Fg = -ma
FN = Fg – ma FN = Fg =mg FN = Fg – ma
FN = mg – ma FN = mg – ma
FN = m(g-a) SAME FN = m(g-a)
LIGHTER LIGHTER

7. Elevator moving downwards at 8. Elevator is moving downwards 9. Elevator has come to a

a constant velocity and begins slowing down. complete stop
v:   zero v:   zero v:   zero
a:   zero a:   zero a:   zero
F:   zero F:   zero F:   zero
F = ma F = ma F = ma
F = FN – Fg = 0 F = FN – Fg = ma F = FN – Fg = 0
FN = Fg = mg FN = Fg +ma FN = Fg =mg
FN = mg + ma
SAME FN = m(g + a) SAME
HEAVY

Related Problem Bank Problems #5

 Essential Questions

Force 1. How can 1 + 1 ≠ 2?

2. What happens when a force is applied to an object?
3. How are all the forces acting on an object illustrated?
Newton’s Laws 4. How can objects experience a frictional force?
5. Is the sum of all the forces in the universe an odd or
Honors
Elevator Problem even number?

Enduring Understanding - A net force is required to change an object's velocity; no force is Learning Targets: 2, 8, 9, 11
required to explain constant velocity.

A 735 N rider steps into an elevator wearing a backpack with 10 kg of textbooks on the 1st floor and
presses the button for the 6th floor. How long does it take the rider to reach the 6th floor? If the rider is
standing on a scale, what does the scale read while traveling to the 6th floor?

How many different types of motion would a rider experience while traveling between the 1st and 6th floor?
The rider would experience constant and changing motion.

On the sketch of a 6 story building to the right identify and color

where the types of motion identified above would be
experienced by the rider. Color coordinate with the elevator
worksheet. Include in your sketch the direction of the velocity
and acceleration for each region of motion. Describe each
region’s motion in the simplest terms possible.

Location Color Velocity Acceleration Motion

Horizontal
Top of Changing
Green Up Down
Building Lines Motion
Vertical
Middle of Constant
Purple Up Zero
Building Lines Motion
Bottom of Horizontal Changing
Blue Lines Up Up
Building Motion

To continue any further with this solution we need to determine/pick the values of some of the variables.
Make a list of these variables and a reasonable value for each.

Responsible values:
 height of each floor = 5 meters
 acceleration of the elevator = 0.5 m/s/s
 constant traveling speed = 0.75 m/s

Draw the FBD for each of the three regions of motion (see elevator worksheet). Include beside each FBD
the direction of the velocity and acceleration for each region of motion.

FN FN
FN
v a v a = 0 v a
Fg Fg Fg
Sum the forces for each FBD and derive a working equation for the normal force. Be sure to define the
positive direction.
Define positive to be up and negative to be down.

F = ma F = ma F = ma
FN – Fg = ma FN – Fg = ma FN – Fg = m(-a)
FN = Fg +ma a=0 FN = Fg - ma
FN = mg + ma FN – Fg = 0 FN = mg - ma
FN = Fg
FN = mg

What information is needed to solve for the normal force (scale reading) and how would you find it? Solve
for the needed information.
The mass of the rider is needed.
Fg  mg
Fg 735 N
m   75 kg
g 9.8 m / s2

How much mass is the scale supporting?

The total mass supported by the scale is mass of the rider plus the mass of the backpack.
75 kg + 10 kg = 85 kg.

Using your equations above, calculate the reading on the scale.

Scale reading while Scale reading while traveling Scale reading while
accelerating upwards at a constant speed. accelerating downwards
FN  mg  ma FN  mg FN  mg  ma

FN  85kg 9.8m / s2  0.5m / s2  FN  85kg9.8m / s2  FN  85kg9.8m / s2  0.5m / s2 
FN  876N FN  833N FN  791N

Write a general equation that expresses the time it takes to travel from the 1st to 6th floor.
The time solution is broken down into three parts:
 time while accelerating upwards
 time while traveling at a constant speed upwards
 time while accelerating downwards
 total time = ta,up + tv,constant + ta,down
Referring back to your general equation that expresses the time it takes to travel between floors, calculate
the time for each region of motion.

time while accelerating upwards time while traveling at a time while accelerating downwards
constant speed upwards
The time to accelerate up to The time to accelerate up to traveling
traveling speed and from The time while traveling at speed and from traveling speed to rest is
traveling speed to rest is the a constant speed. the same.
same. d v f  vi
v f  vi v av g  a
a t t
t d is the distance traveled m m
0  0.75
m m at a constant speed. v f  vi s s
0.75  0 t  
v  vi s s d m
t  f  t  a
 0.5 2
a m v cons tan t
 0 .5 2 s
s dbuilding  daccelerating t  1.5s
t  1.5 s t 
v cons tan t (“+” when accelerating upward and “-”
(“+” when accelerating upward dbuilding  5  5m  25m when accelerating downward)
and “-” when accelerating daccel.  da,up  da,down How far did the elevator move while
downward) accelerating?
How far did the elevator move daccel.  2  0.5625m Either one of these equations will work.
daccel.  1.125 m v f  vi
2 2
while accelerating? 1
Either one of these equations a or d  v it  at 2
25m  1.125m 2d 2
will work. t  1
v f  vi
2 2 0.75 Using d  v it  at 2
a or t  31.83 s 2
2d
 m 1 m
d   0.75 1.5s    0.5 2 1.5s
2
1
d  v it  at 2  s 2 s 
2
d  0.5625m The distance while
v f  vi
2 2

Using a  accelerating downwards.

2d
2
 m
 0.75   0
v  vi
2 2


s
d  f
2a  m
2 0.5 2 
 s 
d  0.5625m The distance
while accelerating upwards.

What is the total time of travel between floors?

The total traveling time ta,up + tv,constant + ta,down = 1.5 s + 31.83 s + 1.5 s = 34.83 s

Related Problem Bank Problems #1 - 8

 Essential Questions

Force 1. How can 1 + 1 ≠ 2?

2. What happens when a force is applied to an object?
3. How are all the forces acting on an object illustrated?
Newton’s Laws 4. How can objects experience a frictional force?
5. Is the sum of all the forces in the universe an odd or

Honors
Friction Lab even number?

Enduring Understanding - A net force is required to change an object's velocity; no force is required Learning Targets: 1, 2, 8, 9, 10, 12
to explain constant velocity.

Background
Despite the unrefuted wisdom of the Newton’s First Law, our common experience is that objects in motion
do not usually stay in motion. In practice we move, or try to move, one thing against another, and there are
interactions that resist the motion. A force of this sort that opposes an impending motion or the relative
motion between surfaces is said to be a frictional force. When friction impedes a motion that is in
progress, it’s kinetic friction; when it prevents motion from occurring altogether, it’s static friction. Our
present concern is with the frictional force between two surfaces and its influence on motion. You will be
investigating the frictional forces between two solid surfaces that are at rest and in motion relative to one
another.
Purpose - Determine when an object experiences kinetic and static friction.
Directions
1. Goto - https://www.thephysicsaviary.com/Physics/Programs/Labs/ForceFriction/
2. Set the simulation to the following settings.
Type of Surface Object Mass
Wood on Lab Table Approx. 500 g
3. Zoom the screen out until you can see both windows. See the picture to the
right. A block is being pulled to the right by a force probe. A string connects
the block and force probe.
4. Click “Start”.
5. Watch the force reading and graph produced.
6. Copy the graph on the graph below.
7. Draw a curve that best fits the data points.

- -

8. Change the Type of Surface and Object Mass and run the simulation again. Repeat this 3-4 times.
9. What are the similarities and difference between the runs?
Similarities Differences
had the
All graphsforce a
Everytime
reaching changed,
.

changing surfaces
of the
a max point then
the amount

dropping to a
lower
forces changed with
force rubber concrete
constant . on

being the highest

 Post Lab Analysis – Dynamics of Friction
It may be necessary for your group to repeat steps 4 and 5 in order to better understand the forces and
motions experienced along each segment of the graph below.
Use the graph to the right to answer the following questions. The block was being pulled to the RIGHT.

Orange Color the region when the string

was relaxed.
Yellow Color the region when the string
was under tension but the block
had not yet begun to move.
Green Color the region when the block
was accelerating.
Blue Color the region when the block
was moving at a constant
velocity.

Draw FBDs at each of the following locations and describe the type of frictional force experienced along
each of the segments. REMEMBER: the block is being pulled to the RIGHT.

Along segment AB Along segment BC Along segment BC Along segment CD Along segment DE
BELOW the level of ABOVE the level of
segment DE segment DE

Friction: Neither Friction: static kinetic Friction: static kinetic Friction: static kinetic Friction: static kinetic
Value: zero Value: zero Value: zero Value: zero Value: zero
constant ¹ 0 constant ¹ 0 constant ¹ 0 constant ¹ 0 constant ¹ 0
changing changing changing changing changing

Kinematics of Friction
Draw the graphs of motion for each of the segments below and describe each segment’s velocity,
acceleration and net force. The graph should be one continuous curve.
This section is linear with This section is linear with This section is linear with This section is parabolic; This section is linear with
a slope equal to zero; a slope equal to zero; a slope equal to zero; increasing slope, a positive slope; constant
constant velocity equal to constant velocity equal to constant velocity equal to constant acceleration, positive velocity
zero. zero. zero. speeding up.
Position (m)

Time (s)

Segment AB Segment BC Segment CD Segment DE

Velocity: ® ¬ zero Velocity: ® ¬ zero Velocity: ® ¬ zero Velocity: ® ¬ zero Velocity: ® ¬ zero
Acceleration: ® ¬ zero Acceleration: ® ¬ zero Acceleration: ® ¬ zero Acceleration: ® ¬ zero Acceleration: ® ¬ zero
Net Force: ® ¬ zero Net Force: ® ¬ zero Net Force: ® ¬ zero Net Force: ® ¬ zero Net Force: ® ¬ zero

Related Problem Bank Problems #9 - 10

Rubber on Ice Al on
Steel
0.5N 28N
Esma ,F Fsma×=
0.37N Fk 2.2N
Fk I I

Glass on Glass Graphite on

Graphite
F. 4N a. 8N
max
I
Ema,F
Fk 1.8N 0.75N
I
Fat
Rubber on Concrete
4,2 N
Fsmax I

3.2N
Fk I
 a Tio

↳ us > Uk

Us = 0.4 It ,, = 0.2 Us 1

THE GRAPH
PIz¥=cmao
-
AFN

>¥E¥.mg?FpoHFp=Ff=itFu--uFg--umgFp=f
8) o.Y)(l0)(9- = 39.2nA

accel dow

acceqp.us
Ff=uFu
af at, TE .

Ifs
.

Leg
Ff # Fu

÷i÷¥÷÷÷
"

Plano West Senior High

117
 Essential Questions

Force 1. How can 1 + 1 ≠ 2?

2. What happens when a force is applied to an object?
3. How are all the forces acting on an object illustrated?
Newton’s Laws 4. How can objects experience a frictional force?
5. Is the sum of all the forces in the universe an odd or
Honors
Friction Problems even number?

Enduring Understanding - A net force is required to change an object's velocity; no force is Learning Targets: 2, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14
required to explain constant velocity.

ooo
1. A 10 kg box is a rest on a rough surface. A 40 N
force is exerted on the box as shown. The
coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.30 and coefficient FORCE
of static friction is 0.50. LET g = 10 m/s2
a) Calculate the force of friction applied to the
-

box.
b) Describe the motion of the box.

F- 40N
F'
'
Est ¥I¥fEmaca=o,

E
t.IT/=F=HF=uTI=L#MFg=umgb.a,sMpIGg
n,
F=umg=Ff_
30N
Ff ,,=lhsMg= @ 3)(who )
--

Fg
-

Ffs=Usmg=(0.51401110 )=50N_
2. A 20.0 kg bag is dragged in a straight line at a constant speed of 1.5 m/s across a rough, level,
airport floor. The bag is pulled with a 50 N force along a handle which makes an upward angle of
30.0 degrees with respect to the horizontal. Calculate the coefficient of kinetic friction between the
bag and the floor? LET g = 9.8 m/s2 Answer: µk = 0.25
-

Recall Ff=µFn,
at
1st

µ=T±n
-zF€↳
i÷÷÷÷÷÷ o
Ff=#FN
Me
.
=FpuC
µ=MU
-
05300=43 .SN

TI FI Fg=m⑨
ma
Fg
-
,

p×
-

Ff -
MATO Fa,tIz
-

µ=FHFn
Ff=Fp×= 43.3N Fn ,=←Fg Fpy
-

µ=43
171
Feng -
Fpy
Fret -_ma=Fz -

Ff it O 25
I,= (203/9.8)-25
-

Fu = 171N
3. A 25 kg and 50 kg box rest in the trunk of a car. The coefficient of static friction between the
boxes and the floor of the trunk is 0.25 and the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.10. LET g = 9.8
m/s2
a) Calculate the friction force just before the boxes begins to slide. ← STATIC
b) Which box is the first to begin sliding? FRICTION

a.
seema
ma what's a?
Ffs=
NEW APPROACH
MSFN
Ffs MAX
=
V → a -9 NEED

Ffs -_MF+=uFg=Umg
41=-1 Ffs= (0.253125719-8)
= 61.25N
Ff -5N
ti (0.257/50719.8)=122
=

e SAME TIME
STATIC b. BOTH AT THE
.

Fg
4. The rock is sliding down the incline at a constant speed. The mass of the
rock equals 10 kg and the angle of the incline equals 30 degrees.
LET g = 9.8 m/s2
a) Calculate the force of friction on the rock.
b) Calculate the coefficient of friction.

" a) Ff= 49N

Fn

t u=Ff/F~
b)
+7¥
☒ "¥g
=

Fg×=FgsN30° ,
*" =mgsw30
Fgy= cogzgo = 10-9.8 Soso I 0.58
Fg =
49N
=
mgoos 30
= Go)(9.8) cos 30
= 84.87N