What is Force?

Name ____________________

Teacher __________________
Introduction to Force and FBD.

When two objects interact there is a force applied to each

object. Both objects experience a force that will either
________
" or _______ the objects.
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An easy way to represent the forces applied to an object is
to draw a free-body diagram or FBD.
1. To begin, draw a dot.
-

2. Next, draw arrows that point away from the dot in the
direction of each applied force.
3. Lastly, label each arrow with the type of force. At this
point in your study of physics, the choice of forces is
limited to:
• force of gravity, Fg,
• force of air resistance, Ff, and
• force applied, FA. ___ ___ ___ ___ or ___ ___ ___ ___

An FBD produces a simply representation of all the forces applied to an object. The FBD helps identify
and explain the object’s subsequent motion.
• If the forces are balanced, (two forces equal in magnitude and opposite in direction), the object
will remain in a state of constant motion.
• If the forces are unbalanced the object will accelerate.

In what direction will the object accelerate?

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The force of gravity, Fg, is present anytime an object is on or near the surface of the earth.
• In the absence of air resistance it is the only force acting on an object while in the air.
• The force of gravity points down towards the earth. Fg
• The force of gravity is also known as the weight of an object.
• The equation is Fg = mg
Lm - mass
The force of air resistance, Ff, is present when it’s necessary to consider how the air impacts the
motion of an object.
• The majority of the time air resistance will be ignored but only through careful reading of the
problem can this be determined.
• The force of air resistance points in the direction opposite the motion of the object.

The force applied, FA, is present when an object is pushed, pulled or thrusted by someone or
something. More specific forces will be introduced in the next unit.

Force is measured in newtons; abbreviation is N. 1 N is approximately equal to ¼ of a pound.

- -

-
 Essential Questions

Force 1. Which will hit the ground faster: a small or large

object?
2. Which will hit the ground first: an object dropped
2D Motion or shot?
3. How are horizontal and vertical motion linked?
Honors
Ball Toss Lab 4. How is net force identified on graphs of motion?

Enduring Understanding - A net force is required to change an object's velocity; no force is Learning Targets: 1, 2, 4, 5
required to explain constant velocity

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of air resistance on a ball tossed in the air.

Part 1 – IDEAL CASE (NO Air Resistance)

1. Toss a ball straight upward. Using your background knowledge, draw the free body diagrams for the ball
AFTER it has left the thrower’s hand and before it is caught.
On the way up At the top of it trajectory On the way down

I. Fg I. Fg ↳ Fg
2. What do all three FBDs have in common? TOP

THEY ARE unbalanced

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3. What TWO quantities are the same in all

three cases? oh Race
NET FORCE , ACCELERATION
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Part 2 – REAL-LIFE (WITH Air Resistance)
A ball is tossed straight upward. The ball’s
position-time and velocity-time graphs are
shown to the right.
4. Label the area of each graph when the ball
is on the way up, at the top of its trajectory,
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and on the way down.
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5. Calculate the acceleration of the ball while: ,
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• moving upwards; aup = _________ ,
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• at the apex; aapex = _________ ,,, -8 FALL
↳ • moving downwards; adown = _________
5. 33 m/s
2 ,

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CALCULATE THE SLOPE .

6. Remember to consider air resistance. Using your background knowledge, draw a free body diagram for
-

the ball in these three situations:

On the way up ↳
At the top of it trajectory On the way down
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7. Explain the significance of the difference between the acceleration on the way up and on the way down.
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8. Produce the graphs of motion for an object experiencing air resistance as it rises and falls using this
simulation - https://ophysics.com/k4b.html
Problem Bank #2
NOTICE THE DIFFERENCE IN ACCELERATION
WHEN TUSING AND FALLING
 Essential Questions

Force 1. Which will hit the ground faster: a small or large

object?
2. Which will hit the ground first: an object dropped
2D Motion or shot?

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3. How are horizontal and vertical motion linked?
Honors
Freefall Example 4. How is net force identified on graphs of motion?

Enduring Understanding - A net force is required to change an object's velocity; no force is Learning Targets: 2, 4, 5, 8, 11
required to explain constant velocity
GRAVITY ACT
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A flowerpot falls from rest off a window ledge and passes the window directly below. If it takes 0.20
seconds to fall past the window’s opening of 1.50 meters, how far is the top window’s ledge from the
x
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during the first
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second? 80/5=16 second?
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 Essential Questions

Force 1. Which will hit the ground faster: a small or large

object?
2. Which will hit the ground first: an object dropped
2D Motion or shot?
3. How are horizontal and vertical motion linked?
Honors
Relative Motion 4. How is net force identified on graphs of motion?

Enduring Understanding - A net force is required to change an object's velocity; no force is Learning Targets: 8, 9, 10
required to explain constant velocity

Consider the scenario below of a plane, bird, river, boat, car and stationary observer.
vplane, ground = 125 m/s East vbird, ground = 17 m/s West
vriver, shore = 5 m/s East vboat, still water = 12 m/s West
vcar, road = 32 m/s East vperson, ground = at rest
Example: vplane, ground = 125 m/s East – Put into words is the velocity of the plane relative to the ground is

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125 m/s to the East.
PLANE
BIRD

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Fill in the table for both the magnitude and direction of the relative motion between objects.
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Relative to Relative to Relative to Relative to Relative to Relative to

Object
the Person the River the Car the Boat the Plane the Bird
Velocity of
0 5 m/s W 32 m/s W 7 m/s E 125 m/s W 17 m/s E
the Person
Velocity of
5 m/s E 0 27 m/s W 12 m/s E 120 m/s W 22 m/s E
the River
Velocity of
32 m/s E 27 m/s E 0 39 m/s E 93 m/s W 49 m/s E
the Car
Velocity of
7 m/s W 12 m/s W 39 m/s W 0 132 m/s W 10 m/s E
the Boat
Velocity of
125 m/s E 120 m/s E 93 m/s E 132 m/s E 0 142 m/s E
the Plane
Velocity of
17 m/s W 22 m/s W 49 m/s W 10 m/s W 142 m/s W 0
the Bird

Problem Bank Problem #5 (PreAP)