WORD FORMATION (09/08/2021)

Part 1: For questions 1-6, complete the extract using the correct form of the
words in brackets.
Two studies from Israel find that two doses of the vaccine made by Pfizer and
BioNtech are 81% effective at preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections. And people who
have gotten the COVID-19 vaccines and do get infected are up to 78% less likely to
spread the virus to household members than are ___________
unvaccinated (1. VACCINE) people.
Although most of the benefit is because vaccines prevent infection in the first place,
“the fact that they also reduce the infectiousness of ___________
breakthrough (2. BREAK) cases is
important and reassuring”, says Virginia Pitzer, who is an infectious-diseases modeler
at Yale School of Public Health in New Haven, Connecticut, and one of the ___________
co-authors

(3. AUTHOR) of the Israel studies.

However, research suggests that vaccines offer slightly reduced protection
against the highly ___________
transmissible
(4. TRANSMIT) Delta strain. So far, there is no
published data on how vaccines actually affect infections and infectiousness with
Delta, but a UK study shows that the Pfizer–BioNTech and Oxford–AstraZeneca
vaccines both protect slightly less well against symptomatic disease caused by Delta
___________
variant (5. VARY) than against that caused by Alpha. This could also mean a
drop in how well they protect against transmission of Delta, but there is still a lot of
___________
uncertainty (6. CERTAIN), says Dean.
Part 2: For questions 7-15, complete the sentences below using the correct form
of the words in brackets.
breastfeeding
7. Several small studies have shown that _____ women who have received a
COVID-19 mRNA vaccine have antibodies in their milk. (BREAST)
8. After a loss of roughly $1000 due to pilferage, John spent thousands on security
cameras and alarms to deter _____. (SHOP) shoplifters
9. His __________
witticisms
never fail to amuse whoever talks to him, and that’s a very big
part of his charm. (WIT) a remark that is both clever and humorous
10. Paying adequate attention to your children’s development helps parents timely
recognize and __________
forestall possible problems. (STALL)
11. The young athlete was charged with a doping offense and was __________ debarred

from the European Championships next year. (BAR) to stop someone from doing something by law or by official
agreement
12. She has long enjoyed the privileges __________ to a celebrity and hardly
appertaining

avoids feeling shocked when losing them. (PERTAIN)

13. There has been a series of government __________
crackdown on safety in factories after
the fatal accident of the 12 workers. (CRACK)
14. Professor Howard has been __________
reinstated as the principal of the college after
students protested against his unfair dismissal. (STATE) phục hồi
15. Using violence is unacceptable, but the behaviour of those young
demonstrators seem to be just as __________
blameworthy as that of the police. (BLAME)