Vaccines and Sera

Chapter 18:
 Stimulat Stimulate the production of antibodies
e

BIOLOGIC
ALS: Provide Provide preformed antibodies to facilitate an
immune reaction

ACTIONS
React specifically with the toxins produced by an
React invading pathogen
 Active Immunity
 The body recognizes a foreign
protein and begins producing
antibodies to react with it

Passive Immunity
 Occurs when preformed
antibodies are injected into the
system and react with a specific
antigen

TYPES OF
IMMUNITY
 IMMUNIZATION

Definition

• The process of artificially stimulating active

immunity
Goal

• To cause an immune response without having the

client suffer the full course of a disease
https://youtu.be/zacqRZH5t5s
 Diphtheria, pertussis,
tetanus
Haemophilus B
Hepatitis B, Hepatitis A
Chickenpox
Polio
Measles, mumps, and
rubella
CHILDHOOD
VACCINATIONS
CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE
CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE
ADULT IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE
VACCINES
Action
 Stimulate active immunity in people
who are at risk

Indication
 Depends on the exposure the person
will have to pathogens
 Contraindication
 Acute febrile illness
 Immunosuppressive drug therapy
 Immunodeficiency states
 Hematological cancers
 Pregnancy

VACCINES
Fever Anorexia
Rash Vomiting
Malaise Irritability
Chills Pain, Redness, and Swelling at
the Injection Site
Fretfulness
Drowsiness

VACCINES:
ADVERSE EFFECTS
BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS
BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS CONT.
 Assess and Monitor
Effectiveness

Client Teaching
NURSING
CONSIDER • Maintain immunization records
• Most vaccines can cause fever
ATIONS and soreness at the site of
injection
• Women of childbearing age who
receive a MMR or varicella
immunization must avoid
becoming pregnant for 3 months
 Hepatitis B
Influenza
PROTOTY
PE MMR
Tdap
Varicella
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/current-vis.html
IMMUNE SERA
Sera that contain antibodies to specific bacteria or viruses
Types
 Antitoxin
 Antivenom
IMMUNE SERA AND
ANTITOXINS
Action
 Passive immunity

Indication
 Prophylaxis against specific disease after exposure
 Lessen the severity of a disease
IMMUNE SERA AND
ANTITOXINS
Contraindications
 History of severe reaction to any immune sera
 Used with caution
 Pregnancy
 Coagulation defects
 Previous exposure to the immune sera
PROTOTYP
E
 Adverse effects
IMMUNE  Rash
 Nausea
SERA AND  Vomiting

ANTITOXI
 Chills
 Fever

NS
 Allergic Reaction
 Chest tightness, decreased blood pressure, and difficulty
breathing
 NURSING
CONSIDER Assess and Monitor Effectiveness

ATIONS
QUESTION 1

What is the best source for current recommendations concerning vaccination

guidelines?
A. the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
B. the American Medical Association
C. the American Nurses Association
D. National Poison Control Center
QUESTION 2

The elderly client returns from a health care visit and asks the nurse why another flu
shot was necessary this year because the client got one last year. The
nurse's best response is:

A. Once a client turns 75, he needs vaccine boosters every 2 years.

B. The vaccine is good for 5 years, so he did not need another one yet.
C. The vaccine is given every 6 months to prevent the flu.
D. Each year a new vaccine is developed based on the strains most prevalent.
QUESTION 3
A mother brings her 18-month-old son into the clinic for his diphtheria, tetanus, and
pertussis vaccine. The child has a runny nose and a fever of 102.4º F and is
coughing. What should the nurse do?

A. Administer the vaccine.

B. Instruct the mother to give the child 2 doses of Tylenol and bring him back to the
clinic in the afternoon.
C. Administer a decreased dose of the vaccine.
D. Instruct the mother to bring the child back to the clinic for the immunization
when he is free of allergic or cold-like symptoms.
QUESTION
S?