VACCINE

PROGRAM
MES
EPIDEMIOLOGY, MONITORING,
EVALUATION

By Resyliza A. Gampal
PA201C Theory & Practice in Public Administration
WHAT IS A VACCINE?
 biological preparation
 active acquired immunity to a particular
infectious or malignant disease.
TYPES OF VACCINES
 Inactivated  Subunit, recombinant,
 Live-attenuated polysaccharide, conjugate
 Messenger RNA (mRNA)  Toxoid
 Viral Vector
HOW VACCINES WORK
Inactivated vaccines use the killed version of the germ
that causes a disease.
Ex. Hepatitis A, Flu, Polio, Rabies
HOW VACCINES WORK
Live vaccines use a weakened form of the germ that
causes the disease.
Ex. Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Rotavirus, Smallpox,
Chickenpox, Yellow Fever
HOW VACCINES WORK
Messenger RNA vaccines make proteins in order to
trigger an immune response.
Ex. COVID-19
HOW VACCINES WORK
Subunit, recombinant, polysaccharide, conjugate
vaccines use specific pieces of the germ—like its
protein, sugar, or capsid.
Ex. Hepatitis B, HPV, Whooping cough, Shingles
HOW VACCINES WORK
Toxoid vaccines use a toxin made by the germ that
causes a disease.
Ex. Diphtheria, Tetanus
HOW VACCINES WORK
Viral vector vaccines use a modified version of a
different virus as a vector to deliver protection.
Ex. COVID-19
WHEN DID VACCINES START?
1st vaccine for was discovered by Edward Jenner
in 1796. It was for smallpox.
Vaccine Programmes aim to eliminate
infectious diseases and achieve herd
immunity.
HERD IMMUNITY
occurs when a large portion of a
community becomes immune to the
disease.
People often refuse to get vaccinated due
to religious reasons, or misconceptions
about the vaccine.
More people that are unvaccinated results
in a higher chance of the virus mutating.
This can also put immuno-compromised
individuals.
VACCINATION PROGRAMME
STRATEGIES
Vaccine Ambassadors
 Medical Provider Vaccine Standardization
 Reminder/Recall
 Motivational Interviewing
VACCINATION PROGRAMME
STRATEGIES
 Financial Incentives
 School-Located Vaccination Programs
 Home-Delivered Vaccinations
 Workplace Vaccination
 Vaccination Requirements
VACCINATION PROGRAMME
STRATEGIES
Vaccination Requirements
 Effective Messages Delivered by Trusted
Messengers
 Provider Recommendation
IMPACT OF MASS VACCINATION
PROGRAMMES
prevent morbidity and mortality from
serious infections that often affect
children
VACCINATION: A SOCIETAL
PERSPECTIVE
 Equity of Healthcare
 Strengthening Health & Social Care Infrastructure
 Impact of Life Expectancy & Opportunity
 Empowerment of Women
VACCINE SAFETY
 Is it safe?
 How dose works best?
 How does the immune system react to it?
ADVERSE EVENTS FOLLOWING
IMMUNIZATION
Events that occur after immunization which may
or may not be cause by the vaccine.
AEFI CATEGORIES
 Vaccine product-related reaction
 Vaccine quality defect-related reaction
 Immunization error-related reaction
 Immunization anxiety–related reaction
 Coincidental event
AEFI CATEGORIES
 Minor vs. Serious
AEFI CATEGORIES
Misconception on the causal
relationships of AEFI to vaccines.
VACCINE EFFICACY
Measured in a clinical trial, and
based on how many people who
got vaccinated developed ‘the
outcome of interest’
VACCINE EFFECTIVENESS
a measure of how well vaccines
work in the real world.
VACCINE EFFECTIVENESS
NO VACCINE OFFERS 100%
PROTECTION.