Immunization

Emaan Asif 18312

Taqwa umer 17268
Syed usman shah 17315
Saba hanif 17806
Rashid rafiq 17691
Muhammad yaseen 17726

DPT 6th semester

Group 7
Human growth and development
What is immunization?
 Immunization is defined as the procedure by which the body is ready
to fight against a specific disease. It is used to induce the immune re-
sistance of the body against a specific disease.
 There are two types of immunizations:
 Active immunization
 Passive immunization
 Types of immunization
 There are two types of immunization:

1)Active immunization:
• The process of stimulating the body to produce antibody and other
immune responses through the administration of a toxoid or a vac-
cine.
• These are killed or attenuated live organism and has a long term ef-
fect.
• For example, polio vaccine, hepatitis B vaccine etc

2)Passive immunization:
• Passive immunity occurs when we are protected from a pathogen
by immunity gained from someone else.
• It is short term
• For example, passive immunity occurs when a baby receives a
mother's antibodies through the placenta or breast milk.
 Immunizing agents

1 Vaccines 3 Immuno-globulins
Vaccine is an immune-biological substance Sterile solution containing antibodies from
that is used to produce specific protection human serum
against a given disease.

2 Toxoid 4 Antitoxin
Exotoxins produced by some bacteria are Solution of antibodies derived from serum of
detoxified and used in the preparation of vac- non-human source.
cine.
 Types of vaccines
1) LIVE ATTENUATED VACCINE:
• These are made using wild viruses that are attenuated or weakened.
• After immunization, the weakened vaccine virus replicate in the vacci-
nated person to stimulate an immune response.
 For example, rubella vaccines, mumps, measles, chickenpox etc.

2) INACTIVATED VACCINE:
• Made using wild viruses that are grown in a culture medium and inacti-
vated before being included in a vaccine
• Made using a toxin, polysaccharide fragment derived from a virus or a
protein.
• The pathogen is treated with heat or chemical killing it, making it unable
of replicating but allows it to make an immune response against at least
some of the antigens contained inside the organism.
• For example, typhoid, cholera, pertussis.
Immunization related to CBR
• People with disabilities are vulnerable to complications from vac-
cine-preventable diseases and every effort should be made to en-
sure equitable access to immunization for this population
• Effective immunization programs also improve the health equity
for vulnerable groups in society who have a higher risk of develop-
ing vaccine-preventable diseases.
• Within each community effective immunization programs should
be available for specific diseases for people with disabilities.
 Why is immunization important?

Prevention of deadly and

debilitating diseases Less doctor visits No hospitalization
 Side effects of anti-vaccination

Child with mumps Child with chicken

Child with measles Child with polio pox
virus