A STUDY ON THE AWARENESS OF PANDEMIC OUTBREAK AMONG

PEOPLE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO COVID -19

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

SL. CONTENTS PAGE NO.

NO

1 TABLE OF CONTENTS

2 SYNOPSIS

3 INTRODUCTION

4 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

5 AIM AND OBJECTIVE

6 METHODOLOGY

7 ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

8 CONCLUSION

8 REFERENCE

10 APPENDIX
 ABSTRACT
In India the first case of Covid-19 detected in Kerala on 30th January 2020, originating from
China Therefore international borders and airport entry screening has been started, suspension of
existing visas from china and people who returned from covid-19 affected countries asked to go
to isolation or quarantine. The COVID-19 virus is mainly transmitted via respiratory droplets; as
a result, surgical face mask are recommended to reduce corona virus transmission from
symptomatic individuals. The Corona virus belongs to a family of viruses that may cause various
symptoms such as pneumonia fever, breathing difficulty and lung infection. A normative survey
was conducted among 250 individuals from different areas of Ernakulam. The sample data
collected was analyzed by percentage analysis. The aim of the survey study was to understand
about the awareness among people about covid-19. Upon understanding, most of the people
(36.4%) have an above average knowledge level regarding covid-19 . The comparison between
the knowledge of males and females shows that females have a higher knowledge. The age
group, between ranges 56-60 has more knowledge than the others. Majority of the people are
aware of covid-19 disease and its preventive measures.
 INTRODUCTION

HISTORY AND ORIGIN

The globe has faced many epidemics in the history of human civilization such as H1N1, H5N1,
avian influenza, Ebola, SARS, Zika and Nipah and successfully overcome from it with research
(Shiba Singh and Ranjan Kumar Singh.2020).First case of corona virus was notified as cold in
1960. Ac-cording to the Canadian study 2001, approximately 500 patients were identified as Flu-
like system. 17-18 cases of them were confirmed as infected with corona virus strain by
polymerase chain reaction. Corona was treated as simple non fatal virus till 2002. In 2003,
various reports published with the proofs of spreading the corona to many countries such as
United States America, Hong Kong, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam and in Taiwan. Several case
of severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by corona and their mortally more than 1000 patient
was reported in 2003. This was the black year for microbiologist. When microbiologist was
started focus to understand these problems. After a deep exercise they conclude and understand
the pathogenesis of disease and discovered as corona virus. But till total 8096 patient was
confirmed as infected with corona virus. So in 2004, World health organization and centers for
disease control and prevention declared as “state emergency”. Another study report of Hong
Kong was confirmed 50 patient of severe acute respiratory syndrome while 30 of them were
confirmed as corona virus infected. In 2012, Saudi Arabian reports were presented several
infected patient and deaths .COVID-19 was first identified and isolated from pneumonia patent
belongs to Wuhan, china (Kumar D, et.al.,2020). As witnessed till 21 April,2020, there have now
been over 2,356,414 confirmed cases worldwide and more than 160,120 deaths (World Health
Organization, 2020). There are around 1,149,071 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Europe,
893,119 confirmed cases in Americas, 134,506 confirmed cases in Western Pacific, 133,186
confirmed cases in Eastern Mediterranean, 30,265 confirmed cases in South-East Asia and
15,555 confirmed cases in Africa (Garima Singh, et.al.,2020).

In India the first case of Covid-19 detected in Kerala on 30th January 2020, originating from
China Therefore international borders and airport entry screening has been started, suspension of
existing visas from china and people who returned from covid-19 affected countries asked to go
to isolation or quarantine. In the mid of the month of February almost 29 countries were hit with
increasing cases of n covid-19 which raise the chances to affect the world. In reactive, many
countries ensure public health measures to control the transmission of COVID-19 virus (Shiba
Singh and Ranjan Kumar Singh.,2020).
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared new corona
virus disease 2019 (covid-19) a pandemic, and by May 17, 2020 there were more than 4,525,497
confirmed cases (SUN Cheng Xi, et.al.,2020).

MICROBIOLOGY
Corona virus is spherical or pleomorphic, single stranded, enveloped positive sense RNA viruses
ranging from 60nm to 140 nm in diameter with spike like projections(glycoprotein) on its surface
giving it a crown like appearance under the electron microscope; hence the name corona virus.
Corona viruses are four sub types such as alpha, beta, gamma and delta corona virus. Each of sub
type corona viruses has many serotypes. Some of them were affect human and other affected
animals such as pigs, birds, cats, mice and dogs (Kumar D, et.al.,2020).
Four corona viruses namely HKU1, NL63, 229E and OC43 have been in circulation in humans,
and generally cause mild respiratory disease (TanuSinghal.,2019).

MODE OF SPREADING
The COVID-19 virus is mainly transmitted via respiratory droplets; as a result, surgical face
mask are recommended to reduce corona virus transmission from symptomatic individuals.
(SUN Cheng Xi, et.al., 2020). Peoples can get the infection through close contact with a person
who has symptoms from the virus includes cough and sneezing. Generally corona virus was
spread via air-borne zoonotic droplets. Virus was replicated in ciliated epithelium that caused
cellular damage and infection at infection site. According to a study published in 2019,
Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE.2), a membrane exopeptidase in the receptor used by
corona virus in entry to human cells (Kumar D, et.al.,2020).

CHARACTERISTICS OF COVID-19
According to a report published on 24 Jan 2020, corona virus infected patients have many
common features such as fever, cough, and fatigue while diarrhea and dyspnea were found to be
as uncommon feature. Many of them patient reported bilateral abnormalities. Corona virus was
isolated from bronchoalvelor lavage fluid in china in 2020. It is also detected in blood samples.
Till now, corona virus was not confirmed in feaces and urine sample of patent (Kumar D,
et.al.,2020).It’s also has significant psychological and social effects on population. People from
all walks of life and all age groups are experiencing stress, anxiety, panic and depression.
Bereavement, isolation, loss of income, and basic resources like groceries etc, are triggering
mental health conditions or exacerbating existing ones. A constant fear of disease transmission is
given rise to mass hysteria, xenophobia, stigma, and marginalization.

EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS

All ages are susceptible; infection is transmitted through large droplets generated during
coughing and sneezing by symptomatic patients but can also occur from asymptomatic people
and before onset of symptoms. Studies have shown higher viral loads in the nasal cavity as
compared to the throat with no difference in viral burden between symptomatic and
asymptomatic people. Patients can be infectious as long as the symptoms last and even on
clinical recovery. Some people may act as super spreaders; a UK citizen who attended a
conference in Singapore infected 11 other people while staying in a resort in the French Alps and
upon return to UK. These infected droplets can spread 1-2m and deposit on surface. The virus
can remain viable on surface for days in favourable atmospheric conditions but are destroyed in
less than a minute by common disinfectant like sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide etc.
Infection is acquired either by inhaling of these droplets or touching surfaces contaminated by
them and touching the nose, mouth, and eyes. The virus also present in the stool and
contamination of the water supply and subsequent transmission via aerosolization/feco oral route
is also hypothesized. As per current information, transplacental transmission from pregnant
women to their fetus has not been described. However, neonatal disease due to post natal
transmission is described. The incubation period varies from 2 to 14 d [median 5 d] studies have
identified angiotensin receptor 2 (ACE2) as the receptor through which the virus enters the
respiratory mucosa( TanuSinghal.,2019).At this stage, we know that the virus can
be transmitted when people who are infected show flu like symptoms which ranges in clinical
presentation from a mild upper respiratory illness to rapidly progressive pneumonia and multi-
organ failure (Labban L, et.al.,2020).
The basic reproduction rate (BCR) is estimated to range from 2 to 6.47 in various
modeling studies. In comparison the BCR of SARS was 2 and 1.3 for pandemic flu HINI 2009
( TanuSinghal.,2019)
PREVENTION
There is nothing to provide complete guidance to prevent from corona virus but some guidelines
was presented by WHO and ECDC. Basically these guidelines are for health profession to set
during the caring of infected patient. Be-cause many evidence was presented by studies about
human to human transmission of corona from Wuhan, china. Another study reported about
airborne transmission of virus while no one was presents the solid evidence. As the lack of
transmission evidence health professionals were not able to present prevention guidelines
(Kumar D, et.al.,2020).
❖HAND-WASHING
Regular hand washing is one of the main ways to prevent the transmission of corona virus.
People should use plenty of soap and water to wash their hands for at least 20 seconds especially
after:
● Travelling in public transport
● Being in a public place
● Coughing
● Sneezing
● Blowing their nose.
If a person is not able to use soap and water, they can use hand sanitizer containing at least 60%
alcohol. Both helps to kill any viruses on hands that people may have come into contact with.
❖AVOID TOUCHING THE FACE
People should avoid touching their eyes, nose and mouth especially if they are unwashed. This
can help limit the spread of germs and reduce the likelihood of them getting sick. The hands
come into contact with several surfaces throughout the day; they may pick up viruses this way. If
a person then touches their face, viruses can enter into the body through eyes, nose or mouth.
❖STAYING HOME IF UNWELL
If a person has mild symptoms of COVID-19, they can self isolate by staying home and avoiding
contact with others. Even if a person is unsure whether they have COVID-19, a common cold, or
something else, it is best to stay inside and rest.
❖ LIMITING CONTACT WITH OTHERS
People should take care to avoid coming into close contact with others- especially those
who are older, unwell, or have symptoms of viruses. The Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC) recommend staying 6 feet away from anyone who is coughing or
sneezing. This is because when a person coughs or sneezes, small droplets containing the virus
leave their mouth and nose. Other people can then breathe these droplets in and catch any virus
that the droplets may contain. If a person lives within a community where corona virus is
present, the relevant government will likely have additional instructions on how to implement
social distancing. These may include:
● Staying home from work or working from home
● Avoiding contact with anyone who is not a member of household
● Prohibiting large gatherings of people
● Closing nonessential services, including restaurants and bars.
This is important for people at higher risk of seriously ill from COVID-19 such as older adults
and people with heart disease, lung disease, and diabetes. These people may also need extra
precautions , such as to self Isolating by staying home.
❖ HOW AND WHEN TO USE FACE MASK
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), people were only need to wear a face
mask if they are coughing, sneezing, or taking care of someone with COVID-19. Face masks are
only effective if a person uses them correctly. Take the proper steps to use and dispose of a face
mask correctly.
● Before touching the mask or the face, wash the hands with soap and water at least for
20 seconds.
● Make sure that masks covers the nose and mouth with no gaps between face and
masks.
● While wearing mask, avoid touching. If a person does touch the mask while wearing it,
they should wash the hands again.
● Don't write anything such as a person's name, on mask. These damages mask integrity
and could allow contaminants to enter.
● Replace a mask if it's damp and avoid reusing single-use mask.
● Remove the mask by lifting the string at the back, rather than by touching the front and
discard the used mask in a closed garbage bin and wash the hands.

❖ PREVENTION TIPS WHILE TRAVELING

The CDC recommend that anyone at high risk of COVID-19 complications avoid cruse and air
travel. People at lower risk can travel, then decide whether it is best to postpone or cancel their
travel plans. People should also consider risk factors such as their own health and health of those
around them.
❖ PREVENTION IN THE HOUSEHOLD
The most valuable prevention method for the household is keeping all surfaces clean. A person
should clean all surfaces that people touch regularly, including light switches, door handles, and
countertops with water and household detergent. If a person in household develops COVID-19,
they can take several steps to help prevent it from spreading:
● Staying in a separate room or bedroom.
● Using a separate bathroom if possible.
● Cleaning and disinfecting bathroom surfaces after using them.
● Wearing a face mask when using communal areas.
● Not sharing food and drink with people who do not have the illness.
● Wearing gloves while cleaning and disinfecting any shared surfaces.
❖PREVENTION AT WORK PLACE
Employees and workers can reduce the risk of Corona virus transmission in the work place by:
● Cleaning all surfaces regularly
● Encouraging regular hand-washing by putting up posters, supplying hand sanitizer, and
provide access to soap and water.
● Communicating clearly to employees that people will need to stay home if they display
any symptoms of COVID-19, even if they are mild.
● Using conference calls to hold meetings, rather than meeting face to face, when
possible.
● Getting employees to work from home whenever possible.
● Offering social, financial, and mental health support to help people limit physical
contact as much as possible.
❖ PREVENTION AT SCHOOL
Although older adults are more at risk of serious complications, children and teenagers can carry
SARS-CoV-2 and pass it to others. Some ways to prevent the transmission:
● Displaying posters to encourage proper hand-washing
 ● Frequently cleaning and disinfecting surfaces such as tables, backs of chairs and door
handles.
● Providing soap, water, and hand sanitizer.
● Limiting all nonessential meetings and events.
● Having sick children stay at home.
● Closing schools if necessary and implementing distance learning if possible.

DIAGNOSIS
A suspect case is defined as one with fever, sore throat and cough who has history of travel to
China or other areas of persistent local transmission or contact with patients with similar travel
history or those with confirmed COVID-19 infection. However cases may be asymptomatic or
even without fever. A confirmed case is a suspect case with a positive molecular test. Specific
diagnosis is by specific molecular tests on respiratory samples (throat swab/ nasopharyngeal
swab/ sputum/ endotracheal aspirates and bronchoalveolar lavage). Virus may also be detected in
the stool and in severe cases, the blood. It must be remembered that the multiplex PCR panels
currently available do not include the COVID-19. Commercial tests are also not available at
present. In a suspect case in India, the appropriate sample has to be sent to designated reference
labs in India or the National Institute of Virology in Pune. As the epidemic progresses,
commercial tests will become available. Other laboratory investigations are usually non specific.
The white cell count is usually normal or low. There may be lymphopenia; a lymphocyte count
<1000 has been associated with severe disease. The platelet count is usually normal or mildly
low. The CRP and ESR are generally elevated but procalcitonin levels are usually normal. A
high procalcitonin level may indicate a bacterial co-infection. The ALT/AST, prothrombin time,
creatinine, D-dimer, CPK and LDH may be elevated and high levels are associated with severe
disease. The chest X-ray (CXR) usually shows bilateral infiltrates but may be normal in early
disease. The CT is more sensitive and specific. CT imaging generally shows infiltrates, ground
glass opacities and sub segmental consolidation. It is also abnormal in asymptomatic patients/
patients with no clinical evidence of lower respiratory tract involvement. In fact, abnormal CT
scans have been used to diagnose COVID-19 in suspect cases with negative molecular diagnosis;
many of these patients had positive molecular tests on repeat ( TanuSinghal.,2019).

MANAGEMENT AND VACCINATION

COVAXIN®, India's indigenous COVID-19 vaccine by Bharat Biotech is developed in
collaboration with the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - National Institute of
Virology (NIV). The indigenous, inactivated vaccine is developed and manufactured in Bharat
Biotech's BSL-3 (Bio-Safety Level 3) high containment facility. The vaccine is developed using
Whole-Virion Inactivated Vero Cell derived platform technology. Inactivated vaccines do not
replicate and are therefore unlikely to revert and cause pathological effects. They contain dead
virus, incapable of infecting people but still able to instruct the immune system to mount a
defensive reaction against an infection (https://www.bharatbiotech.com/covaxin.html). The
COVID vaccine was launched on 16th January, 2021. The first group includes healthcare and
frontline workers. The second group to receive COVID 19 vaccine will be persons over 60 years
of age as of January 1st, 2022 and persons between 45 and 59 years with comorbid conditions
(https://www.mohfw.gov.in/covid_vaccination/vaccination/index.html).

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The Corona virus belongs to a family of viruses that may cause various symptoms such as
pneumonia fever, breathing difficulty and lung infection. Few cases that affect humans,
have been reported in Wuhan, china in 2019. They spread across the world very quickly;
hence known to be pandemic disease. Day to day there shows a gradual increase in rate of
spreading and percentage of mortality. Due to this situation people are panicked and worried
about their life. WHO has recommended personal hygiene (respiratory hygiene, using face
masks, washing hands with warm water and soap, use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers,
avoid touching mouth, eyes & nose, cleanliness), social distancing and careful handling of
purchased products as an effective preventive measure for COVID-19 disease. The growing
pandemic of COVID-19 disease requires social distancing and personal hygiene measures to
protect public health. But this message is not clear and well understood among people. The
aim of this study is to determine the awareness and knowledge about COVID-19 among the
people in the society, especially when the country is restarting all its economic activities,
after the complete lockdown.

ABOUT THE DISTRICT OF STUDY

Ernakulam is a district of Kerala, India situated in the central part of that state. Spanning an
area of about 3,068 km2, Ernakulam district is home to over 12% of Kerala’s population.
Ernakulam District was formed on 1 April 1958, from the taluks of Aluva, Kunnathunadu,
Kochi, Kanayannur, and Paravoor, which were formerly part of Thrissur District. Initially the
district headquarters was at Ernakulam, which gave the district its name the headquarters was
later shifted to Kakkanad a suburb of Kochi city. The word/name Ernakulam is derived from a
Tamil word Erayanarkulam which means abode of Lord Shiva. Ernakulam district is situated
almost at the middle of Kerala State and on the coast of the Arabian Sea. It is also the most
industrially advanced and flourishing District of Kerala compared to the other districts.
Ernakulam is known as the commercial capital of Kerala. Ernakulam occupies an important
place among the districts of Kerala in the field of literacy and educational standards. Ernakulam
District is the first district in the whole country to have 100 percent literacy by 1990. Pothanicad,
first panchayath in India that achieved 100% literacy according to state literacy programme is in
this district. There are three prominent universities in this district – Sanskrit University, Kalady
and Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT), Kalamassery, Kerala University of
Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi. Ernakulam district has the most number of educational
institutions in the state.

1.2 NEED AND SIGNIFCANCE OF THE STUDY

The course of the pandemic in India is different in terms of mortality and spread of infection as
compared to some other countries of the world at the present time. The social, economic and
psychological impact of the pandemic is noticeable. We think it’s important to explore the ways,
how people have found to cope with the pandemic situation .It is an opportunity to find how
much knowledge each person has about covid-19. There are lacunae of good research in the
existing literature regarding the awareness among people, which may need to be filled in
overtime through the latest research.

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

 To understand about the awareness among people about covid-19

 To compare the awareness among female and male
 To compare the awareness among different age groups
  To compare the attitude among people

METHODOLOGY

METHOD:

In the present study, normative survey method was used. The normative survey method studies,
describes and interprets what exists at present.

SAMPLE:

The primary data required for the study were collected from people in different areas of
Ernakulam district. A total number of 250 samples were collected from people of different areas
where the sample was selected by using simple random sampling technique. The sample forms a
representative sample of the entire population.

TOOL USED

The survey was conducted by the help of a questionnaire based on corona virus and the situation
of the pandemic. The percentage analysis was done for the statistical analysis of the collected
data.

DESCRIPTION OF AWARENESS SCALE

One of the important objectives of the present investigation is to find out the level of awareness
among people. For this purpose a scale was constructed and standardized. This scale consists of
as many as 20 items and each item has five alternative responses i.e. “Yes”, “No” and “Maybe”.

So the scoring to the response given by the People should be like the following

RESPONSE WEIGHTAGE

Yes 5

No 3
 Maybe 1

DISCRIPTON OF KNOWLEDGE CATEGORY

RANGE CATEGORY

Below 20 Profound

20-30 Poor

30-40 Border line

40-50 Dull

50-60 Below average

60-70 Average

70-80 Above average

80-90 Superior

90-100 Very superior

STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES USED

For the analysis of the data, Percentage analysis was used as the statistical technique.

DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE

The data required for the present study was collected during the time period of 3 months from
11th November to the 13th January. A total number of 250 samples were collected from different
areas of Ernakulam district.
 ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATAION
The sample data collected was analyzed by percentage analysis and categorized into the
following based on their questionnaire number.

1. KNOWLEDGE ABOUT PANDEMICS

Knowledge About Pandemics Among People

30%

40% Previous Pandemic outreak

2019
2020

30%

Figure 1 Pie diagram showing knowledge about pandemics among the people
Among the 250 people, 40% of them heard about pandemics for the first time during the
previous pandemics, 30% of people heard about the pandemics for the first time in the year 2019
and the remaining 30% were heard about pandemics only in the year of 2020.

2. CORONA VIRUS (COVID-19) OUTBREAK

Knowledge about Corona virus (COVID-19) outbreak

5%
7%

yes
no
maybe

88%

Figure 2 Pie diagram showing knowledge about Corona virus (COVID-19) outbreak among the people

Among the 250 people, 88% of them heard about corona virus outbreak, while 7% of people do
not heard about the outbreak and the remaining 5% were unaware of their knowledge about the
outbreak.
3. KNOWLEDGE COVID-19 OUTBREAK

Knowledge About COVID-19 outbreak Amoung People

20%

Dec/19
Jan/20
Feb/20

58%
22%

Figure 3 Pie diagram showing knowledge about COVID-19 outbreak among the people

Out of 250 participants, 58% of them heard about COVID-19 outbreak for the first time during
December 2019, 22% of people heard about the outbreak for the first time in January 2020 and
the remaining 20% heard about the corona outbreak in February2020.
4. SOURCE OF INFORMATION REGARDING COVI-19

Main source of information regarding COVID-19

1%
4%0%
5%
0%
Newspaper and television news
social media
from your doctors
family and friends
Government official website
public health banners
50%
others

40%

Figure 4 Pie diagram showing main source of information regarding COVID-19

Among the 250 people, 50% of them gain their knowledge through newspaper and television
news, while 40% of people through social media. Few numbers of people depend on sources
such as family and friends (5%), government official website (4%) and others (1%) respectively
and public health banners and information from your doctors have negligible percentage.
5. MOST WORRIED FACT ABOUT COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Aspects that people bothered about

13%

community spread
11% death rate
joblessness and recession
lockdown and scarcity
52% non-availability of vaccine

16%

8%

Figure 5 Pie diagram showing most worried fact about covid-19 pandemic among the people

Among the 250 people, 52% of them bothered about community spread, 16% of people worried
of the joblessness and recession, while others anxious about non-availability of vaccine (13%),
lockdown and scarcity (11%) and death rate (8%).
6. KNOWLEDGE PREVENTIVE MEASURES

Knowledge About preventive measures

21%

41%

8%

15%

15%

Figure 6 Pie diagram showing knowledge about preventive measures taken for the pandemic among the people

Among the 250 people, 41% of them knew the all preventive measures taken for pandemics,
21% and 15% of people knew the common measures used to prevent the virus, while the
remaining 8% unsure of the measures which are to be taken.
7. ACCOMPLISHMENT OF SAFETY GUIDELINES

Implementation of safety guidelines among families

1%3%

yes
no
maybe

96%

Figure 7 Pie diagram showing the rate of implication of safety guidelines for pandemics among the families

Among the 250 people, 96% of them agreed that, they are obeying the safety guidelines, 3% of
people mayhap implement the guidelines and the remaining 1% do not bother about the
guidelines.
8. SOCIAL DISTANCING

Role of social distancing in the spread of corona virus

20%

yes
2% no
maybe

78%

Figure 8 Pie diagram showing knowledge of the people regarding the role of social distancing in the spread of corona virus

Among the 250 people, 78% of them believe that social distancing can prevent the spread of
corona virus, while 20% was not sure that the social distancing plays a major role and the
remaining 2% do not agree with the statement.
9. HAND HYGIENE

Role of hand hygiene in the spread of corona virus

1% 6%

yes
no
maybe

94%

Figure 9 Pie diagram showing knowledge of the people regarding the role of hand hygiene in the spread of corona virus

Among the 250 people,93% of them believe that hand hygiene can prevent the spread of corona
virus , while 6% was not sure that the hand hygiene plays a major role and the remaining 1% do
not agree with the statement.
10. WEARING MASK

Role of wearing mask in the spread of corona virus

15%

1%
yes
no
maybe

84%

Figure 10 Pie diagram showing knowledge of the people regarding the role of wearing mask in the spread of corona virus

Among the 250 people, 84% of them believe that wearing a mask can prevent the spread of
corona virus , while 15% was not sure that the wearing a mask plays a major role and the
remaining 1% do not agree with the statement.
11. WEARING GLOVES

Role of wearing gloves in the spread of corona virus

26%

yes
no
maybe

4%

69%

Figure 11 Pie diagram showing knowledge of the people regarding the role of wearing gloves in the spread of corona virus

Among the 250 people, 69% of them believe that wearing gloves can prevent the spread of
corona virus , while 26% was not sure that the wearing gloves plays a major role and the
remaining 5% do not agree with the statement.
12. USING ANTIBIOTICS TO CURE

Opinion of the people for using antibiotics to cure the covid-19

no
45% 43% yes
maybe

12%

Figure 12 Pie diagram showing knowledge among the people for taking antibiotics to cure the covid-19

Among the 250 people, 43% of them do not believe that antibiotics can cure the noval corona
virus 2019 disease , while 45% was not sure about the usage of antibiotics to cure the covid-19
and the remaining 12% agree with the statement.
13. MAIN SYMPTOMS

Knowledge regarding the main symptoms of COVID-19

2% 8%
12%
6%

13%

34%

26%

Figure 13 Pie diagram showing knowledge among the people regarding the main symptoms of covid-19

Among the 250 people, 37% of them were clearly aware about the symptoms of the covide-19
disease, 34% of people have considerable knowledge about the symptoms and the remaining
13% ( above average), 12% (average), 7%( below average) , and 2%( poor knowledge) also have
few knowledge regarding the symptoms; but 6% of the people unaware of it .
14. PREVAILING DISEASE

Rate of people who are suffering from varios diseases

0%2%
3% 2%
4%
1%
ardiovascular
diabetes
asthma
Bronchitis
Cancer
Other
Nil

87%

Figure 14 Pie diagram showing the rate of people who are suffering from various diseases

Among the 250 people, 87% of them were suffering from cardiovascular diseases, 5% of people
have asthma, while the other 3% ,2%, 1% of them are bronchitic patients, cancer patients and
diabetic patients respectively and the remaining 2% do not have any kinds of diseases.
15. IMMUNE SYSTEM

Role of immune system in preventing the infection

8%
1%

Yes
No
Maybe

90%

Figure 25 Pie diagram showing knowledge among the people regarding the role of immune system in preventing the infection

Among the 250 people, 91% of them agreed that the immune system of a person plays a role in
protection from infection, while 8% was not sure about the role of immune system in preventing
covid-19 and the remaining 1% does not agree with the statement
16. ABILITY OF IMMUNE SYSYTEM

Knowledge about the capacity of our own immune system

35%
Yes
No
Maybe

60%

5%

Figure 36 Pie diagram showing knowledge about capacity of our own immune system

Among the 250 people, 60% of them agreed that they have good immune system to prevent the
infection, while 35% was not sure about their immune system in preventing covid-19 and the
remaining 5% do not have a healthy immune system
17. FOODS WITH IMMUNITY BOOSTERS

Knowledge About foods used for enhancing the immunity

4% 3% 11%
7%

10%

12%

13%

21%

20%

Figure 47 Pie diagram showing knowledge about the specific foods used for immunity enhancement

Among the 250 people, 10% of them selected around 8-7 provided options among the 16 which
promote immunity enhancement, while 13% of people knew about 6 food items used for
boosting immunity. 20%-21% of them knew almost 5-4 food items and the remaining 12%, 7%
and 4% has the knowledge about 3-1 food items which helps us to increase our immunity. 6% of
the people are not aware any of those items which helps to boost our immunity
18. USAGE OF MULTIVITAMIN/ FOOD SUPPLEMENTS

Rate of people who are taking additional food supplement /

multivitamine tablet to enhance their immmunity

15%
22%

yes
no
may be

63%

Figure 18 Pie diagram showing the rate of people who are taking multivitamin/ food supplement to boost their immunity

Among the 250 people, 22% of them are taking additional food supplement to enhance their
immunity to prevent the infection, while 15% was not sure about additional supplements to
prevent covid-19 and the remaining 63% do not taking extra tablets as theyhave healthy immune
system
19. KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE PLACE FOR ASSISTANCE

Knowledge About the right place for help if they have any symptoms of
the infection

19%

yes
no
may be
6% I know people who might know

6%

69%

Figure 19 Pie diagram showing knowledge among the people about the correct place for assistance if they have any symptoms

Among the 250 people, 66% of them knows where to go if they have any symptoms of the
infection, while 19% of them knew the people who might know and 6% was not sure about the
actual place for assistance. The remaining 6% unaware of the place to go for help , if they have
any kind of developing symptoms.
20. RATE OF SMOKING

Percentage of people that smokes

6%
1%

yes
no
maybe

93%

Figure 20 Pie diagram showing rate of people that smokes

Among the 250 people, 93% of them are smoking, while 6% was not sure about their smoking
habits and the remaining 1% do not smokes.
21. SMOKING RELATED TO CORONA VIRUS

Knowledge About smoking is a risk factor to get affected by corona virus

32%

yes
no
maybe
52%

16%

Figure 25 Pie diagram showing knowledge among the people about that smoking increases the possibility to get affected

Among the 250 people, 52% of them believe that smoking can increase the risk to get affected by
corona virus, while 32% was not sure about the risk and the remaining 16% do not agree that the
smoking increases possibility to get the infection.
22. ALCOHOLE CONSUMPTION

Rate of people that consumes alcohol

4%
17%

yes
no
maybe

80%

Figure 22 Pie diagram showing rate of people that drink alcohol

Among the 250 people, 17% of them consume alcohol, while 4% was not sure about their
drinking habits and the remaining 79% do not drink alcohol.
23. RELATION OF ALCOHOLE WITH CORONA VIRUS

Knowledge About drinking is a risk factor to get affected by corona

virus

25%

36% yes
no
maybe

39%

Figure 23 Pie diagram showing knowledge among the people about that alcohol consumption increases the possibility to get affected

Among the 250 people, 25% of them believe that consumption of alcohol can increase the risk to
get affected by corona virus, while 36% was not sure about the risk and the remaining 39% do
not agree that the smoking increases possibility to get the infection.

24. MEDICAL SUPPLEMENT

Rate of people who are taking additional medical supplements to prevent
covid-19

7%
16%

yes
no
may be

76%

Figure 24 Pie diagram showing the percentage of people who are taking additional medical supplement to prevent the infection

Among the 250 people, 16% of them are taking additional medial supplement to prevent the
infection, while 7% was not sure about additional tablets to prevent covid-19 and the remaining
77% do not takes extra tablets.

25. EFFICIANCY OF HEALTH DEPARMENT

 Opinion Of People Regarding The Efficiancy Of Health Department

Efficiant
Not efficiant
unsure

Figu

re 25 Pie diagram showing opinion about health department among the people

Among the 250 people, 69% of them agree the health department is doing enough to prevent the
spread of virus, while 25% was not sure about the work of health department and the remaining
6% do not agree that with efficiency of the health department to prevent corona virus.

26. HIGH RISK OCCCUPATION

 Rate of people who are working in high risk occupations

9%
1%
1%
health care
13% assisted livng
military institution
aged care facility
other
NA

76%

Figure 26 Pie diagram showing number of people working in high risk occupation

Among the 250 people, 76% of them were no working in high risk occupations, 13% of people
are working on other fields and 9%of them working on healthcare and the remaining 1% each
works in military and assisted living facilities.

27. EMPLOYMENT SECTOR

 Knowledge among people on the impact of pandemic on emplyment
sector

6%
2%

yes
no
maybe

92%

Figure 27 Pie diagram showing knowledge among the people regarding the impact of pandemic on employment sector

Among the 250 people, 92% of them believe that the pandemic affects the employment sector
and 6% of them unsure of their answer and the remaining 2% do not agree that the employment
sector was affected by the pandemic.

28. LIFESTYLE
 Knowledge among people on the impact of pandemic on lifestyle

6%
2%

yes
no
maybe

92%

Figure 28 Pie diagram showing knowledge among the people regarding the impact of pandemic on lifestyle

Among the 250 people, 92% of them believe that the pandemic changes the
lifestyle and 6% of them unsure of their answer and the remaining 2% do not agree
that the lifestyles was affected by the pandemic.

29. VACCINE
 Rate of people that supports vaccine

3% 1% 11%

strongly agree
agree
neutral
disagree
strongly disagree
31%

53%

Figure 29 Pie diagram showing knowledge about pandemics among the people

Among the 250 students11% strongly agree that they believe that vaccine can cure corona virus,
31%% also agree with the same.3% are not happy with the vaccination and 1% strongly says that
they disagree with the statement that vaccine can cure corona virus infection. About 54% of
students are confused with their response

Table 1: Table showing Rate of knowledge among people

SL NO. RANGE NO. OF PEOPLE

1 20-30 1
(poor)

2 31-40 1
(borderline)

3 41-50 4
(dull)

4 51-60 24
(below average)

5 61- 70 70
(average)

6 71-80 91
(above average)

7 81-90 54
(superior)

8 91-100 6
(above superior)
 Rate of knowledge among people
91-100 6
8

81-90 54
7

71-80 91
6
70 NO. OF PEOPLE
R 61-70 5
a
n 51-60 24
g 4
e 4
41-50 3

31-40 12

20-30 11

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Figure 30: Bar diagram showing Rate of knowledge amoung people

As per the analysis the highest rate of knowledge among people is shown in between the range
71-80, which belongs to above average category and the lowest rate of knowledge among people
is shown in between the ranges 20-30(poor) and 31-40 (boarder line). The average rate of
knowledge among people is 72.222.
 Table 2 : Table showing Rate of knowledge among males

SL NO. RANGE NO. OF MALE

1 20-30 1
(poor)

2 31-40 0
(borderline)

3 41-50 1
(dull)

4 51-60 15
(below average)

5 61- 70 24
(average)

6 71-80 46
(above average)

7 81-90 20
(superior)

8 91-100 0
(above superior)
 Rate of knowledge among males
91-100 0 8

81-90 20
7

71-80 46
6
24 no. of people
R 61- 70 5
a
n 51-60 15
g 4
e
41-50 1 3

31-40 0 2

20-30 11

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Figure 32: Bar diagram showing Rate of knowledge amoung male

The highest rate of knowledge in males is shown in between the range 71-80, which belongs to
above average category and the lowest rate of knowledge in males is shown in between the
ranges 20-30 (poor) and 41-50 (dull). In males the average rate of knowledge 70.87946.
 Table 3 : Table showing Rate of knowledge among females

SL NO. RANGE NO.OF FEMALES

1 20-30 0
(poor)

2 31-40 1
(borderline)

3 41-50 3
(dull)

4 51-60 9
(below average)

5 61- 70 41
(average)

6 71-80 45
(above average)

7 81-90 34
(superior)

8 91-100 5
(above superior)
 Rate of knowledge among females
91-100 5

81-90 34

71-80 45

R 61- 70 41 NO.OF FEMALES

a
n 51-60 9
g
e
41-50 3

31-40 1

20-30 0

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Figure 33: Bar diagram showing Rate of knowledge among female

The highest rate of knowledge in females is shown in between the range 71-80, which belongs to
the above average category and the lowest rate of knowledge in females is shown in between the
range 31-40, which belongs to the border line category. In females the average rate of knowledge
73.31159.
 Table 4: Table showing Rate of knowledge among different age groups

Age range Number of people Average Rate of knowledge

10-15 3 72.33333

16-20 74 72.14189

21-25 75 71.82

26-30 35 70.41429

31-35 17 75.32353

36-40 10 67.9

41-45 4 71.875

46-50 12 74.45833

51-55 9 76.44444

56-60 7 77.71429

61-65 2 65

66-70 2 73.25
 A
v
e
Rate of knowledge among different age groups
r
a 80 77.71
g 76.44
e 75.32
75 74.46
73.25
r 72.33 72.14 71.82 71.88
a 70.41
t 70
e 67.9
o 65
f 65
k
n 60
o
w
l
e 55
d 10--15 16-20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-45 46-50 51-55 56-60 61-65 66-70
g
e Age range

Figure 34: Bar diagram showing Rate of knowledge among different age groups

The highest rate of knowledge among different age group is shown in between the range 56-60
with 7 no. of people and the lowest rate of knowledge among different age group is shown in
between the ranges 61-65. The average rate of knowledge between different age group: - 10-15
(no. of people= 3) is 72.33333, 16-20 (no. of people= 74) is 72.14189, 21-25 (no. of people= 75)
is 71.82, 26-30 (no. of people= 35) is 70.41429, , 31-35(no. of people= 17) is 75.32353 , 36-
40(no. of people= 10) is 67.9, 41-45(no. of people= 4) is 71.875, 46-50(no. of people= 12) is
74.45833, 51-55 (no. of people=9) is 76.44444 , 56-60(no. of people=7) is 77.71429, 61-65(no.
of people=2) is 65, 66-70(no. of people=2) is 73.25.
MAJOR FINDINGS

The major findings of the present study are:

1. Majority of the people have a moderate level of knowledge regarding covid-19 pandemic.
2. Comparing the gender females has more knowledge than the males.
3. Comparing the age groups, between the ranges 56-60 has more knowledge than the other
age groups.
 DISCUSSION

Deeming public awareness to be crucial in preventing the spread of COVID–19, which otherwise
lacks effective treatment and preventive measures, vast public awareness campaigns are key in
the fight against it. My findings related to public awareness have revealed some important
aspects related to the information known by the public and the implications especially in
adopting preventive measures. Initially, focusing on the general awareness of public about covid
-19, majority of the respondents express good understanding about the infection and its
symptoms. Females possess more knowledge than males, likewise, age group between the range
56-60 shows high rate of knowledge than others. Majority of the people follow the guidelines
provided by respective authority and they are also aware of the symptoms due to the infection.
Likewise, most of them are confident about their immunity power against the infection, some of
them may take multivitamin tablets or any kind of medical supplements to boost their immunity.
Lot of them has a belief that the vaccine can cure this infection.

Comparing my observations with others, firstly, a study conducted by Alanezi F,et.al in

2020.Studied on “Implications of Public Understanding of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia for
Fostering Effective Communication Through Awareness Framework” shows similar observation
regarding general public knowledge. That most of the people have moderate knowledge
regarding the novel corona virus 19 disease.

Another study conducted by, Labban L,et.al in 2020.Scrutinized on “Assessing the Level of
Awareness and Knowledge of COVID 19 Pandemic among Syrians” shows contrary
observation, that the major findings of this study are that mostly people do not have awareness
about COVID 19, transmission and prevention methods. Groups of respondents of age 35-50
years, college graduates, medical professions and income over than300, 000 Syrian Pounds
showed high level of knowledge and awareness of COVID 19.

The next study conducted by, Shiba Singh and Ranjan Kumar Singh in 2020.Researched on
“Awareness, Attitude and Practices towards COVID-19 among People of Bihar during
Lockdown 1.0: A Cross-Sectional Study” shows similar regarding safety guidelines. 99.6%
(most of them) respondents admittes that they are following social distancing and government
guidelines.
 CONCLUSION

The present study reveals that the people are having high level of knowledge. The females have
knowledge rate higher than males. The age group, between ranges 56-60 has more knowledge
than the others. Majority of the people are aware of covid-19 disease and its preventive
measures. The novel corona virus 2019 pandemics affect the whole world in a major way.

IMPLICATION OF THE STUDY

As discussed earlier the people have certain knowledge related to the pandemic situation, their
health and other issues.The result of the study shows that the level of knowledge varies
accordingly to the nature of each person.

This study contribute a literature which helps to understand the awareness and self-care
practices adopted by the public considering the COVID-19 outbreak, and also helps to reflect
the people's attitudes toward the pandemic and preventive measures.

The findings from the survey can prove to be a valuable source of information for the
government, based on which it can update its awareness creation strategies and also tract peoples'
attitude toward the pandemic. In addition, the proposed framework can also be used as a
conceptual framework in other research studies focusing on public awareness about
pandemic/infectious diseases.
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23. 1931 N Meacham Rd, Ste 100 | Schaumburg, IL 60173-4360 | p: 800.248.2862 |
www.avma.org
 APPENDIX A

COVID-19 AWARENESS QUESTIONNAIRE

This survey is going to be used for the elaboration of my practical work for B.Sc Programme.

Please kindly reply to all the following questions accurately and honestly.

PERSONAL DETAILS:

NAME: AGE:

GENDER:

LOCALITY AND DISTRICT

ANY OTHER HEALTH PROBLEMS: .............................

CURRENTLY UNDER MEDICATION: Yes No

IF ‘Yes’ SPECIFY: ……………………………………

JOB/ OCCUPATION: Student Faculty Industry Others

1. In your life, when did you first hear about pandemics?

2020 2019 Previous pandemic outbreaks

2. Have you heard of the Corona virus (COVID-19) outbreak?

Yes No Maybe

3. Approximately when did you first hear about the COVID-19 outbreak?

DECEMBER 2019 JANUARY 2020 FEBRUARY 2020

4. What is your main source of information regarding COVID-19?

 Newspaper and television news

Social media

Government official websites

Public health banners

Friends and family

From your doctors

Other (Please specify)................................

5. What makes you more bother about the covid-19 pandemic

Community Spread

Death rate

Joblessness and Recession

Lockdown and Scarcity

Nonavailability of Vaccine

6. What all measures do you take to prevent the infection in a proper manner?

Usage of gloves Usage of mask

 Proper sanitizing Restricting social interaction

Avoiding journeys Stay away from infected people

7. Do you and your family follow the safety guidelines to prevent the infection?

Yes No Maybe
8. Do you agree that social distancing could stop the spreading of corona virus to a
particular extend?

Yes No Maybe
9. Is hand hygiene important in preventing the spread of the virus?

Yes No Maybe

10. Does wearing a mask help prevent the spread of the virus?

Yes No Maybe

11. Would wearing gloves help prevent the spread of the virus?

Yes No Maybe

12. Can COVID-19 be cured with antibiotics?

Yes No Maybe

13. What are the main symptoms of the virus? (Check all that apply)

Cold Redness in eyes

Fever Diarrhea

Cough Shortness of breath

 Toothache Itching

Sore throat Stomach pain

Nausea High blood pressure

14. Do you suffer from any of the diseases mention below?

Cardiovascular diseases

Diabetes

Asthma

Bronchitis

Cancer

Other

Nil

15. Do you think that the immune system of a person plays a role in protection from
pandemics?

Yes No Maybe

16. Do you think that your immune system is good enough to prevent the infection?

Yes No Maybe

17. What all foods do you think is best for immunity enhancement?

Citrus fruits Poultry

Ginger & garlic Spinach

 Processed meat & alternatives Yogurt

Rice and wheat products Honey

Processed cheese & butter Oily fish

Turmeric Pastries, cookies & cakes

Fried, grilled, & broiled foods Junk food

Carbonated drinks and fruit juices eggs

18. Are you currently or have you been taken any multivitamin or other food
supplements for boosting the immunity?

Yes No Maybe

a) If ‘Yes’, please list the supplements ……………………………………

19. Do you know where to go if you start developing any of symptoms of Covid-19?

Yes No Maybe I know people who might know

20. Do you smoke?

Yes No Maybe
a) If ‘Yes’, how often?
 Regularly Occasionally Chain smoker

b) How Many? ….per day/week

21. Do you think that smoking can increase the risk to get affected by corona virus?

Yes No Maybe

22. Do you consume alcohol?

Yes No Maybe
a) If ‘Yes’, how often?

Regularly Occasionally

b) How much quantity? ……per day/week

23. Do you think that consumption of alcohol can increase the risk to get affected by
corona virus?

Yes No Maybe

24. Are you taking medical supplements to prevent the infection?

Yes No Maybe

a) If ‘YES’ specify: …………………………………………

25. Do you think your State Health Department is doing enough to prevent the outbreak
from spreading? 

Yes No Unsure
26. Do you work in any of these high risk occupations?

Healthcare

Assisted-living

Military institution

Aged-care facility

Others

NA
27. Do you help others to know about the severity of this condition?

Yes No Maybe

a) If ‘Yes’ what all measures do you take?

28. Do you think this pandemic has affected the employment sectors?

Yes No Maybe
29. Do you think that this pandemic has changed our life style?

Yes No Maybe

30. Do you think that the recently discovered vaccine can cure and put an end to this
pandemic?
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
Signature of the respondent:-