ANSWER :

A.
B. ΔT= 10 ΔT/2= 5
HOT STREAM
Stream
Name Type TS (°C) TT (°C) TS *(°C) TT *(°C)
No
1 Reactor Cooling Hot 377 375 372 370
2 Reactor Product Cooling Hot 376 180 371 175
3 Product Sublimation Hot 180 70 175 65
4 Column 1 Condenser Hot 280 279 275 274
5 Column 2 Condenser Hot 197 196 192 191

COLD STREAM
Stream
Name Type TS (°C) TT (°C) TS* (°C) TT* (°C)
No
6 Air Feed Cold 60 160 65 165
7 O-xylene Feed Cold 20 130 25 135
8 Product Melting Cold 70 160 75 165
9 Holding Tank Feed Cold 160 260 165 265
10 Column 1 Reboiler Cold 290 291 295 296
11 Column 2 Reboiler Cold 235 236 240 241

COMPOSITE CURVE
400

350

300

250
T(°C)

200

150

100
 350

300

250

T(°C)
200

150

100

50

0
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16
H (kW)

TOTAL CASCADE HEAT FLOW

internal Temp Stream Population

372

371 1

370

296

295

275
4
274
2
265

241

240

192
5
191

175

165

135 3
6

75

65
 3

65

25

A. The stream data used to construct the grand composite curve

include those associated with the reactor and those for the rest of the
process. If the placement of the reactor relative to the rest of the process
is to be examined, those Streams associated with the reactor need to be
separated from the rest of the process.

Reactor HE
Stream
Name Type TS (°C) TT (°C) TS (°C) TT (°C)
No
1 Reactor Cooling Hot 377 375 372 370
2 Reactor Product Cooling Hot 376 180 371 175
6 Air Feed Cold 60 160 65 165
7 O-xylene Feed Cold 20 130 25 135

CASCADE HEAT FLOW REACTOR

internal Temp Stream Population ΔT int sigma Cp

372
1 -3500
371 1
1 -3518.367
370 2
195 -18.36735
175
10 0
165
30 16
6
135
70 17.81818
7
 6

70 17.81818
7
65
40 1.818182
25

Stream
TS (°C) TT (°C) TS (°C) TT (°C)
No Name Type
3 Product Sublimation Hot 180 70 175 65
4 Column 1 Condenser Hot 280 279 275 274
5 Column 2 Condenser Hot 197 196 192 191
8 Product Melting Cold 70 160 75 165
9 Holding Tank Feed Cold 160 260 165 265
10 Column 1 Reboiler Cold 290 291 295 296
11 Column 2 Reboiler Cold 235 236 240 241

CASCADE HEAT FLOW NON REACTOR

internal Temp Stream Population

296
10

295

275
4
274

265

241

240

192 9
5
191

175

165
8
3
75

65

SEPARATED GRAND COMPOSITE CURVE

400

350

300
 SEPARATED GRAND COMPOSITE CURVE
400

350

300

250

REACTOR
T(°C)
200
SUPERIM
150

100

50

0
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000

H (kW)

B The grand composite curve for the whole process apparently requires only high-pressure steam genera
boiler feedwater. The process cooling demand is satisfied by the generation of high pressure (41 bar) st
boiler feedwater, which superheated to 270◦C. High-pressure steam generation is preferable to low-pr
generation. There is apparently no need for cooling water.
* saturated steam at 251,826°C

GRAND
Water 400
heat 80 334.949
heat 250 1085.69 350

Steam 300

latent 250 1715.33

250
heat 250 2792.86
heat 270 2866.47
T(°C)

200

Temp Heat 150

270 0
100
251.826 1000.108
250 6399.188 50
80 10200 10200
FLOWRATE 13.58658 0
0 2000
Goal seek to cascade
From figure 19.10 , it can be concluded that :
(1) The reactor is highly exothermic, and the data have been (4) The air starts at 20◦C, bu
extracted as the molten salt being a hot stream. The basis compressor by the increase
of this is that it is assumed that the molten salt circuit is an essential feature of the
an essential feature of the reactor design. Thereafter, there 20 and 60◦C is serviced by t
is freedom within reason to choose how the molten salt be included in the heat rec
is cooled. (5) The air and o-xylene are
(2) The product sublimation and melting are both carried out in the venturi, where the o
on a noncontinuous basis. Thus, time-averaged values have at unequal temperatures p
been taken. contact and might in princi
(3) The product sublimation and product melting imply a transfer across the pinch, t
linear change in enthalpy over a relatively large change yet unknown. Thus, accepti
in temperature. However, changes of phase normally take transfer might lead to unne
place with a relatively small change in temperature. Thus, if the mixing causes heat tr
the product sublimation might involve desuperheating problem is avoided in targe
over a relatively large range of temperature, change of possible, at the same temp
phase over a relatively small change in temperature and contact heat transfer. Of co
subcooling over a relatively large range in temperature. been established and the lo
Product melting might involve heating to melting point streams can then be mixed
over a relatively large range of temperature, followed by design away from the pinch
melting over a relatively small change in temperature. is no cross-pinch heat trans
Thus, representation of the product sublimation and conditions will be accepted
product melting as a linear change in enthalpy seems to the vaporization occurring
be inappropriate. To overcome this, these two streams
could be broken down into linear segments to represent
this nonlinear temperature-enthalpy behavior. Here, for the
sake of simplicity, the streams will be assumed to have a
linear temperature-enthalpy behavior.

HOT TEMPERATURES INTERVAL HEAT BALANCE

internal Temp Stream Population
ΔH (kW) CP (kW/°C)
372
-7000 3500
-3600 18.3673469 371 1
-2400 21.8181818
-400 400 370
-800 800
275
4
274 2

192

191

175
3
65

COLD TEMPERATURES INTERVAL HEAT BALANCE

internal Temp Stream Population
ΔH (kW) CP (kW/°C)

1600 16 296
200 1.81818182
900 10 295
200 2
400 400 265
700 700
241
9

240

165
8
135
6

75
7
 6

75
7

65

25

12000 14000 16000

opulation ΔT int sigma Cp ΔH int

-3500 -3500
1
-3518.367 -3518.367
1
-18.36735 -1359.184
74
381.6327 381.6327
10
1
-18.36735 -367.3469
20
-418.3673 -418.3673
1
-18.36735 -165.3061
9
-16.36735 -392.8163
24
683.6327 683.6327
11
1
-16.36735 -785.6327
48
9
-816.3673 -816.3673
1
-16.36735 -261.8776
16
-19.81818 -198.1818
10
4.181818 125.4545
30
8
6 360
60
-4 -40
7
10
 7

1.818182 72.72727
40

ΔH (kW) CP (kW/°C)

-7000 3500
-3600 18.3673469
1600 16
200 1.81818182

CASCADE HEAT REACTOR

ΔH int TS (°C) H (kW) GRAND COMP
377 0 400
376 3500 350
-3500 375 7018.367346939 300
180 10600
250
-3518.367 160 10600
T(°C)

200
130 10120
-3581.633 60 8872.727272727 150

20 8800 100
0 50
0
0 2000 40
480

1247.273
 50
0
0 2000 40

1247.273

72.72727

ΔH (kW) CP (kW/°C)

-2400 21.8181818
-400 400
-800 800
900 10
200 2
400 400
700 700

CASCADE HEAT NON REACTOR

ΔT int sigma Cp ΔH int TS (°C) H (kW) H fix(kW)
291 0 846
400 400 290 -400 446
1 280 -400 446
0 0 279 0 846
20 260 0 846
-400 -400 236 -48 798
1 235 -750 96
0 0 197 -846 0
9 196 -48 798
2 48 180 -80 766
24 160 118.1818 964.1818
702 702 70 1181.818 2027.818
11
1
2 96
48
-798 -798
1
2 32
16
-19.81818 -198.1818
10
-11.81818 -1063.636
90
-21.81818 -218.1818
10

TE CURVE
TE CURVE

REACTOR
SUPERIMPOSED NON REACTOR

12000

high-pressure steam generation from

n of high pressure (41 bar) steam from
ation is preferable to low-pressure

GRAND COMPOSITE CURVE + STEAM

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000

H (kW)
(4) The air starts at 20◦C, but it is heated to 60◦C in the
compressor by the increase in pressure. If the compressor is
an essential feature of the process, then the heating between
20 and 60◦C is serviced by the compressor and should not
be included in the heat recovery problem.
(5) The air and o-xylene are mixed at unequal temperature
in the venturi, where the o-xylene vaporizes. Mixing
at unequal temperatures provides heat transfer by direct
contact and might in principle be direct contact heat
transfer across the pinch, the location of which is as
yet unknown. Thus, accepting the direct contact heat
transfer might lead to unnecessarily high energy targets
if the mixing causes heat transfer across the pinch. The
problem is avoided in targeting by mixing streams, where
possible, at the same temperature, thus avoiding any direct
contact heat transfer. Of course, once the targets have
been established and the location of the pinch known,
streams can then be mixed at unequal temperatures in the
design away from the pinch in the knowledge that there
is no cross-pinch heat transfer. In this case, the process
conditions will be accepted, initially at least, because of
the vaporization occurring in the mixing.
 HEAT FLOW COMPOSITES
opulation ΔT int sigma Cp ΔH int TS (°C) H (kW)
377 14200
376 10700
1 3500 3500 375 7181.633
280 5436.735
1 3518.367 3518.367 279 5018.367
197 3512.245
95 18.36735 1744.898 196 2693.878
180 2400
1 418.3673 418.3673 70 0

82 18.36735 1506.122

5 1 818.3673 818.3673

16 18.36735 293.8776

110 21.81818 2400

HEAT FLOW COMPOSITES

am Population ΔT int sigma Cp ΔH int TS (°C) H (kW)
291 14200
400 400 290 13800
10
1 260 13800
0 0 236 13752
30 235 13050
2 48 160 12900
24 130 12120
702 702 70 10450.91
11
1 60 10272.73
2 150 20 10200
75
26 780
30
27.81818 1669.09090909
60
 17.81818 178.181818182
10
1.818182 72.7272727273
40

TOTAL CASCADE HEAT

GRAND COMPO
T (°C) H (kW)
377 0 400
376 3500
375 7018.367 350
291 8377.551
290 7995.918 300
280 8363.265
279 8781.633
250
260 8946.939
236 9339.755
T(°C)

235 8656.122 200

197 9441.755
196 10258.12 150
180 10520
160 10718.18 100
130 10592.73
70 10232.73
50
60 10272.73
20 10200
0
0 2000 4000

H
 GRAND COMPOSITE CURVE REACTOR
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
H (kW)
50
0
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
H (kW)

Superimposed H
1181.8181818182 GRAND COMPOSITE CURVE NON REACTOR
1581.8181818182 350
1581.8181818182
1181.8181818182 300
1181.8181818182
1229.8181818182 250
1931.8181818182
2027.8181818182 200
T(°C)

1229.8181818182
150
1261.8181818182
1063.6363636364
100
0
50

0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

H (kW)
W COMPOSITES
GRAND COMPOSITE CURVE

4000 6000 8000 10000 12000

H (kW)
N REACTOR

0 2000 2500