Scanned with CamScannerENCOUNTER THE PHENOMENON ' | How do the overhead wires make the trolley move? ‘© Go ONLINE Cetos Check out Trolley to see the phenomenon in action. Circle the parts of the trolley that help it move. What do you wonder about the trolley? What do you observe? Discuss with a partner. Write your thoughts below. of 16 Cor the cage aay Trovilg onit? Over $ the Ca ¢ contto| |; 11 How many ree! How fa de CHk ye CM. Por | a ele Can fit cable €f | ENGAGE Lesson 3 Electricity 45 Scanned with CamScannerMaterials Mini lightby, Hands On Make It W k ake oF. , he lesso” 9 oa B 2 The trolley inthe name inthis activity How do electrical devices wo! ected to wires. In phenomenon photo was ‘conn you will use a wire, & battery, and @ ligh' the bulb light up. Make a Prediction How can you arrange the materials fo make the lightbulb work? battery Carry Out an Investigation 4. Use the materials provided to make the lightbulb light as many ways as possible. 2. Drawa diagram of each test you make. Identify if the lightbulb worked or not. Scanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScanner7 ent Electric Cur i ght usetl AoW of Cente men youreinine a 2 elect current isthe flow fights the bul?” Look for these electric charge Fats ruc ors 8 You ae ofelecticity through ey ‘ircui nich ele circuit ‘ terial through Ww! . ‘a eomnductor is 27° ig a material that sloy, electric current stops the flow of energy, SUC! am vit it Work, a je , ary Activity, Make it WOrS isa ‘ saw in the Inquiry AC ae 7 Heat hn which electric current can flow. Often this path es F its must also have & device to move consists of wires. Circ , electrically charged particles along. These devices, called e number of charged particles voltage sources, increase th 2 flowing ina circuit. Batteries are @ voltage source. ‘Asswitch is a device that can open or close the path in a circu, When the switch is closed, the electric current can flow around and around through the circuit. When the switch is open, the current cannot flow. resistor & GO ONLINE Watch the video Uses of Electricity to see different ways that electricity is used every day. The chemicals Inside a battery ? Store energy, 48 EXPLAIN M Scanned with CamScannercnurynt © Meee Eason An object in an electrical circuit that resists the flow of energy Is called a fesistor. Electrically charged particles lose energy when flowing through a resistor. This energy is transformed into other forms of energy, such as motion, light, or heat. A lightbulb is an example of a resistor. Label a Diagram Label the resistor and the voltage source on the diagram below. Aftashlightis circuit, Batteries supply the voltage, ‘and the bulb acts asthe resistor. EXPLAIN Lesson3 Electricity 49 Scanned with CamScannerRead a Circuit Diagram Your home has a collection of electri When you plug a device that uses electricity, you 7° Part of the circuit. A circuit diagram uses symbols to show parts of The key below shows the symbols used in circu! Label a Diagram: Electric Circuits Circuit A has been drawn for you. Use the key to complete the circuit diagram for Circuit B. 5O EXPLAIN Module: Energy Transfer ic circuits hidden in the walls. making the device an electric circuit. 1S. it diagram: KEY — wire AWS resistor el (voltage soury Scanned with CamScannerMaterials «Hands On f | ada another lightbulb ee Build Different Circuits How does electricity flow through different types of circuits? You just saw diagrams of two different types of circuits. Now, you will build them and observe the brightness of the lightbulbs in each type of circuit. Make a Prediction What will happen if you remove a lightbulb from a socket in each circuit? Carry Out an Investigation 1. Use the diagrams on the previous page to construct each of the circuits. 2. Record Data Observe the brightness of the bulbs in each circuit. Record your observations in the tables. 3. Take one lightbulb from its socket in each circuit. Record your observations in the table. Then return the lightbulbs to the sockets. 4. Add another socket and lightbulb to each circuit. Observe. 5. Add an additional battery to each circuit. Record your observations in the table. Data Table: Circuit A Brightness | Observations | | Remove one lightbulb Add another battery @@ Jaw 10 wires 4D-cell batteries 4 battery holders 6 mini lightbulbs 6 lightbulb holders Scanned with CamScanneree Tr Data Table: Circuit B | ] | Brightness Remove one lightbulb | Add another lightbulb | ——— Sh rs i Add another battery Communicate Information s of the 6. With three lightbulbs in each circuit, how d Circuit B? bulbs compare in Circuit A an did the brightnes diction? 7. Did the results of your investigation support your pre‘ Explain. set of decoration lights, which type of circuit would hits to be arranged in? Explain. B. If you bought a you want the lig} Talk About It piscuss with a partner How do you know that energy was transferred by red by electric current? Scanned with CamScannerTypes of Circuits In the investigation that you just completed, Circuit A was a series circuit. Aseries circuit has only one conductive path. In this type of circuit, the resistance increases with each resistor added. Electric charges travel through all of the resistors, one after another. As resistors are added, the energy each resistor receives is decreased. If one lightbulb ina series circuit goes out, the others will go out too because the path of ‘the circuit is broken. Circuit B was a parallel circuit. Circuits in your home are parallel. A parallel circuit has more than one conductive path. The overall resistance in the circuit is smaller, so more current will flow. Electric charge flows through all paths at the same time in a parallel circuit! If one path is, broken, the current flows through the remaining paths. Ashort circuit is a path that has little or no resistance that connects two ends of an electrical source. Short circuits cause currents large enough to damage appliances or start fires. Frayed wires can cause short circuits. __ Make It Work: Revisit @ Use your observations from the Inquiry Activity, Make It Work, to create a model that shows how electric current is transferred in a circuit to get the lightbulb to work. Label the diagram. ‘A frayed wire that has exposed metal may cause a short circuit, Never touch ‘a wire that is frayed like this! EXPLAIN Lesson 3 Electricity 53 | Scanned with CamScannerElectromagnets and Inspect rs Read the passage Generato Electromagnets and lated. When cha, are rel Ir Generators. Underline the Electricity and magnetism fields, which means we text that tells about the move, they form magnetic cial on cist or oa simplest form of an electric current to make mag} ares field, Be electromagnet. electric circuit that produces @ oo lectromagnet is a straigh, i i The most uncomplicated elect : ee ‘A magnetic field circles the wire when current is floy, Reread the third through the wire. The more current, the stronger the magnetic field. You can also increase the magnetic fey looping the wire or adding an iron core. Paragraph. Highlight text evidence that tells you how electromagnets and electric motors work to Electromagnets must be part of a circuit in Order to wor make a wheel spin, This means that they can be turned on and off with asuig The abilty to tun them on and off makes electromagnes useful in many devices. Voice coils are electromagnets tz Notes are used in audio speakers. The coil uses the magnetsty make vibrations, which produces sound waves in the az Electric motors also use electromagnets. Simple electric motors have a power source that produces electric Scent that runs through the wire loop, making it an ‘gnet, causing the loop and shaft to spin. The shaft is usually attached to a gear or wheel. The voice col) "+ vibrates nextto ® Permanent magnet = energy source shat voice coil magnet spring oop of wire 64 ELABORATE Mod eFQy Transfer Scanned with CamScannerconyrght © MeGraw Ml Eaventon Gow mages A motor uses electricity and magnetism to produce motion. Motion and magnetism can also be used to Make Connections produce electricity, If you turn the axle of a motor by & Talk About It hand, you are rotating a wire coil in a magnetic field. Talk with rtner about This produces electric current in the wire. Using ek with 8 Panne ae the motor to produce electricity instead of motion makes ow cteceie motors and ita generator. Power plants use very large generators to aa te laa produce electricity. That electricity travels through power lines to the electrical circuits in homes and businesses. Like batteries, generators are a voltage source. © Go ONLINE Watch the video How o Generator Works to learn how eneray a ion is transform How are the energy transformations in electric motors -agpaererreemnmgad into electrical eneray. and generators related? = re 4 a ari Notes Asimple generator has a metal coil Power plants must use some other form in a magnetic field. As the coil rotates, of energy to cause the motion that ‘spins a magnetic field is produced. the coil in a generator. REVISIT Revisit the Page Keely Science Probe on page 43. Josue: VA PROBES a EXPLAIN Lesson 3 Electricity 55 Scanned with CamScannerticle E09 ar asa WUSMINTEP Connectlon) Read the Invest OE a ei pour be i Electrifying Outcomes to learn how ele ae nic organize voltage source, Use the compare an a eel to patteries- to compare the electrocytes of an el Write a paragraph explaining how electrocytes are like / batteries. Explain how engineers are using what they know / about electric eels to help people. / Scanned with CamScanner‘Copyright© Meco Eaenton_(sechtoherSuperick,fveone/ Bate, ‘pingrem lng/semy Sack Pte The next time you flip on a light switch or tum on a computer, thank an electrician! Electricians are responsible for safely wiring buildings. These wires allow electricity to flow to all areas of a house or other building. Lights, computers, televisions, and many other devices run on this electricity. Electricians also repair or replace faulty wiring, transformers, circuits, fixtures, and breakers. This is critical when preventing house fires due to other electrical problems. Electricians use many different tools to do their job. They must be able to read blueprints and other diagrams to properly install wiring. They also inspect existing electrical equipment and identify problems. Rp Talk About It How would an electrician help you design a community warning system that uses sound and light to alert the residents of a city? eet mate It’s Your Turn Think like an electrician. What will you use as the voltage source in your Module Project? ELABORATE Lesson 3 Electricity 57 Scanned with CamScanner™~ EXPLAIN How do the overhead ee wires make the trolley move? Summarize It Explain how the overhead wires make the trolley move. REVISIT revisit the Page Keely Scio PAGE ENCE Page 43. Has ta ge PROBES PI owithae oh *9 changeg> rg Vad PROBES anged, 58 EVALUATE Module: Energy Transfer Scanned with CamScanner@ Three-Dimensional Thi king 1. What role does a switch play in a circuit? x What happens to the brightness of bulbs each time another is added in a series circuit? In a parallel circuit? na A. conductor B. insulator C. battery D. flashlight is a material that slows or stops the flow of energy. EVALUATE Lesson 3 Electricity 59 Scanned with CamScannerExtend It batteries. You learned Think about all of the different ways that yO ered about anew a com that batteries are a voltage source. You also ing with Electrifying les, of biobattery in the Investigator article pees Find out about Conduct research to find out how batteries Wo! trond clsadventages. other new types of batteries and their advantag i. Use the space below Make a news report to communicate your findings. to take notes and plan your news report. vA sided | desl KEEP PLANNING STEM Module Project Engineering Challenge Now that you have learned how. Slectric currents ce in hoy GnEFGY. Go fo your Module Projecto exci nsfer will affect your community warning System design’ Mormon n, 60 EVALUATE Module: Energy Transfer Scanned with CamScanner