Contents

Page
Sr. No. Unit
No.

1 Circular Motion 1

2 Gravitation 33

3 Rotational Motion 60

4 Oscillations 87

5 Elasticity 120

6 Surface Tension 141

7 Wave Motion 161

8 Stationary Waves 182

9 Kinetic Theory of Gases and Radiation 205

10 Wave Theory of light 243

11 Interference and Diffraction 259

12 Electrostatics 283

13 Current Electricity 307

14 Magnetic Effects of Electric Current 322

15 Magnetism 340

16 Electromagnetic Induction 349

17 Electrons and Photons 379

18 Atoms, Molecules and Nuclei 391

19 Semiconductors 412

20 Communication Systems 429

 01 Circular motion
Formulae Ze2 mv 2
= = mω2r
4πε0 r 2
r
1. Uniform Circular Motion (U.C.M):
dv 4π 2 r
i. Average acceleration = = m 4π2 n2r = m
dt T2
dθ v 2π where Z = atomic number of the
ii. ω = constant = = = 2πf = nucleus.
dt r T
iii. α = 0 3. Motion of a vehicle on a curve road:
iv. Linear acceleration = centripetal acc. i. inclination of the curve road
v2 4π 2 r v2
= a = vω = = rω2 = 4π2n2r = tan θ =
r T2 rg
1 2π ii. the maximum velocity v, with which a
v. Time period = T = =
frequency (f ) ω vehicle can go so that there is no
skidding, is v = µrg
2. Centripetal force and acceleration:
mv2 where µ = coefficient of limiting friction
i. Centripetal force Fcp = between the wheels and the road.
r iii. the maximum velocity with which a
= mrω = mvω = mr (2πf)2
2
vehicle can go without toppling, is given
2
⎛ 2π ⎞ 4π 2 mr d rg tan θ
= mr ⎜ ⎟ = by v = rg =
⎝ T ⎠ T2 2h
ii. In the term of vector magnitude of d
here, tan θ =
centripetal force 2h
− mv 2 → → d = distance between the wheels
Fc = × r0 ( r0 is unit vector) h = height of centre of gravity from the
r
→ → → road
= −mω2 r = m ω× v g = acceleration due to gravity
iii. Magnitude of Centrifugal force 4. Banking of roads:
= Magnitude of Centripetal force i. The proper velocity or optimum v on a
mv2 road banked by an angle θ with the
i.e Fcf = (in magnitude) horizontal is given by
r
⎛ µ + tan θ ⎞
iv. In the term of vector magnitude of v= rg ⎜ s ⎟
centrifugal force ⎝ 1 − µ s tan θ ⎠
mv 2 → → where r = radius of curvature of road
Fc = × r0 ( r0 is unit vector)
r g = acceleration due to gravity
→ → → µs = coefficient of friction between road
= mω2 r = m v× ω and tyres
v2 when µs = 0, v = rg tan θ
v. Centripetal acceleration =
r
→ → ii. Maximum velocity without skidding on
vi. Tangential acceleration = α × r a banked road
vii. When an electron moves round the
v = rg tan(θ + θ 0 )
nucleus of an atom along a circular path,
we have where θ = angle of banking, µ = tan θ0
1
Circular Motion
 iii. Maximum velocity without toppling iii. r = l sin θ
v = rg tan(θ + θ m ) g tan θ
iv. ω=
where θ = angle of banking r
d
tan θm = Notes
2h
d = distance between two wheels or 1. Radian measure must be used in equations
width that contains linear and angular quantities.
h = height of C.G. from road 2. Finite angular displacement is a scalar
5. Vertical Circular Motion: quantity because it does not obey the laws of
vector addition.
i. Velocity at highest point vB ≥ rg
→ →
ii. Velocity at the lowest point vA≥ 5rg 3. In U.C.M ω is only constant vector but α and
→
iii. Velocity at a point along horizontal θ are variable vectors.
vC ≥ 3rg
4. All the points on a rotating body in U.C.M
iv. Acceleration at the highest point aB = g have same ω except centre as it is not
v. Acceleration at the bottom point aA = 5g rotating.
vi. Acceleration along horizontal aC = 3g
vii. Tension at top most point 5. Instantaneous angular displacement is a
vector quantity.
mv 2B
TB = − mg ≥ 0 6. Angular speed is a scalar quantity but angular
r
viii. Tension at the lowest point velocity is a vector quantity but both have
same units i.e rad/s.
mv 2A
TA = + mg ≥ 6 mg → → →
r 7. The direction of θ , ω , α is given by the right
ix. Tension at a point where the string hand thumb rule.
makes an angle θ with the lower vertical
line 8. ω of earth about its axis is 7 × 10−5 rad/s or
360° per day.
mv 2
Tθ = + mg cos θ 9. When a particle moves in a circle with
r
x. Tension at midway position where constant speed its velocity is variable because
of changing direction.
θ = 90°
mv2 10. Centrifugal force is a fictitious force and
TC = [∵cos 90° = 0] holds good in a rotating frame of reference.
r
xi. Total energy at different points 11. An observer on the moving particle
5 experiences only the centrifugal force, but an
EA = EB = EC = mrg observer stationary with respect to the centre
2
can experience or measure only the
xii. Total energy at any point centripetal force.
1
E = mv 2 + mgr(1 − cos θ) 12. Whenever a particle is in a U.C.M or non
2
U.C.M., centripetal and centrifugal force act
6. Conical Pendulum: simultaneously. They are both equal and
g opposite but do not cancel each other.
i. Angular velocity = ω =
l cos θ 13. Centripetal force and Centrifugal force are
not action reaction forces as action reaction
2π l cos θ forces act on different bodies.
ii. Periodic time = = 2π
ω g
14. The direction of centripetal force is same
l sin θ whether the rotation of the circular path is
=π
g tan θ clockwise or anticlockwise.
2 Circular Motion
 15. Sources of centripetal force: 26. In horizontal uniform circular motion, kinetic
i. Coin placed on disk: In this case energy and magnitude of linear momentum
frictional force gives necessary remains constant, but the direction of linear
centripetal force. momentum keeps on changing.
ii. Car moving on a smooth banked road: 27. Whenever the body moves, the force
N sin θ gives necessary centripetal responsible for motion is the vector sum of all
force. the forces acting at that point.
ii. Passenger sitting in a turning car: Eg:Lift going up and down with acceleration
Necessary centripetal force is provided ‘a’.
by seat and passenger.
28. For non uniform circular motion
16. Centripetal force is not responsible for → → → → →
rotational motion of a body, because only a = α × r + ω× v
torque can produce rotational motion.
29. When a bucket full of water is rotated in a
17. Centrifuge is an apparatus used to separate vertical circle, water will not spill only if
heavier particles from the lighter particles in velocity of bucket at the highest point is
a liquid. ≥ gr .
18. Range of acceleration in circular motion 30. If velocity imparted to body at the lowest
90° < θ ≤ 180°.
position is equal to 2rg then it will oscillate
19. The radius of the curved path is the distance in semicircle.
from the centre of curved path to the centre of
gravity of the body. It is to be considered Shortcuts
when the centre of gravity of body is at a 1. The basic formula for acceleration is a = ωv.
height from the surface of road or surface of
spherical body. 2. In U.C.M, if central angle or angular
displacement is given then simply apply
20. Whenever a car is taking a horizontal turn, the θ
normal reaction is at the inner wheel. dv = 2v sin to determine change in velocity.
2
21. While taking a turn, when car overturns, its 3. There are two types of acceleration ar (radial)
inner wheels leave the ground first. and at (tangential) acceleration.
dv
22. If a body moves in a cylindrical well (well of Formula for ar = ω2r and at = or rα
death,) the velocity required will be minimum dt
safest velocity and in this case the weight of 4. To calculate angular displacement, apply the
the body will be balanced by component of 1
normal reaction and the minimum safest formula θ = ωt + αt2
2
velocity is given by the formula µrg .
5. To find out number of revolutions, always
23. Cyclist leans his cycle to make an angle to apply the formula
avoid topling; not to provide centripetal force. θ ωt 2πnt
no of revolutions = = = = nt
24. If a body is kept at rest at the highest point of 2π 2π 2π
convex road and pushed along the surface to → →
perform circular motion, the body will fall 6. Since Fc ⊥ v , therefore, no work is done by
r the centripetal force.
after travelling a vertical distance of from
3 7. Always remember there is difference between
the highest point where r is the radius of the maximum and minimum safest velocity.
circular path. The formula for
25. When a body moves in a circular path with i. vmax = µrg and
constant speed, its linear momentum changes
rg
at every point, but its kinetic energy remains ii. vmin =
constant. µ
3
Circular Motion
8. Angle which, a cyclist should make with the mv2
vertical is the angle of banking along a curved i. = mg − N where N is normal
r
road. reaction.
9. On frictional surface, a body performing mv2
ii. = N − mg
circular motion, the centripetal force is r
provided by the force of friction.
fS = µN but on horizontal surface N = mg Remember if in the question, it is given that
from a certain point body falls then at that
10. The minimum safe velocity for not point N = 0.
gdr
overturning is v = 16. Effect of rotation of earth about its axis
2h The apparent loss in weight of a body on its
11. While rounding a curve on a level road, surface = mω2 R cos2 φ where
centripetal force required by the vehicle is m = mass of body
provided by force of friction between the tyres ω = angular velocity of earth
and the road. R = radius of earth
mv2 φ = latitude
= F = µR = µmg
r
17. In horizontal circle, tension will be equal to
12. To avoid dependence on friction for the mv2
supply of necessary centripetal force, curved centripetal force i.e. T =
r
roads are usually banked by raising outer edge
i. The minimum velocity of projection at
of the road above the inner edge.
the lowest point of vertical circle so that
13. The angle of banking (θ) is given by the string slacken at the highest point, is
v2 h given by vL = 5gr
tan θ = =
rg l − h2
2
ii. velocity at the highest point is vH = gr
where h is height of the outer edge above the
inner edge and l is length of the road. 18. If TL is the tension at the lowest point and TH
is the tension at the highest point then
14. On the same basis, a cyclist has to bend
TL − TH = 6 mg
through an angle θ from his vertical position
while rounding a curve of radius r with 19. When
v2 i. vL = 2gr , the body moves in a vertical
velocity v such that tan θ =
rg semicircle about the lowest point L,
If θ is very very small, then ii. vL < 2gr , then the body oscillates in a
v2 circular arc smaller than the semicircle.
tan θ = sin θ =
rg iii. For a motor cyclist to loop a vertical
v2
h loop, vL > 5gr and vH > gr
=
rg l
20. The total energy of any body revolving in a
where h is height of the outer edge from the vertical circle is (5/2) mgr.
inner edge and l is the distance between the
tracks or width of the road. 21. The distance travelled by the particle
performing uniform circular motion in t
15. Always remember the formulas for velocity of 2πr
the body at the top, bottom and at the middle seconds is given by the formula, d = t.
T
of a circle with two distinct cases
i. path is convex 22. To find out any unknown quantity, if body
ii. path is concave moves in vertical circle resolve mg and if the
Remember in both the cases formula will be body moves in horizontal circle resolve
different. tension or normal reaction.
4 Circular Motion
 10. A body moves with constant angular velocity
SECTION - 1 on a circle. Magnitude of angular acceleration
is
1.1 Angular displacement
(A) rω2 (B) constant
1. The angular displacement in circular motion is (C) zero (D) rω
(A) dimensional quantity
(B) dimensionless quantity 11. A wheel having a diameter of 3 m starts from
(C) unitless and dimensionless quantity rest and accelerates uniformly to an angular
(D) unitless quantity velocity of 210 rpm in 5 seconds. Angular
acceleration of the wheel is
2. Angular displacement is measured in (A) 4.4 rad s−2 (B) 3.3 rad s−2
(A) metre (B) time
(C) 2.2 rad s−2 (D) 1.1 rad s−2
(C) radian (D) steradian
1.2 Angular velocity and angular acceleration 1.3 Relation between linear velocity and
angular velocity
3. A body of mass 100 g is revolving in a →
horizontal circle. If its frequency of rotation is 12. The vector relation between linear velocity v ,
3.5 and radius of circular path is 0.5 m, the → →
angular velocity ω and radius vector r is
angular speed of the body is
given by
(A) 18 rad/s (B) 20 rad/s
→ → → → → →
(C) 22 rad/s (D) 24 rad/s (A) v = ω× r (B) v = r + ω
4. The angular velocity of a particle rotating in a → → → → → →
(C) v = ω. r (D) v = r . ω
circular orbit 100 times per minute is
(A) 1.66 rad/s (B) 10.47 rad/s 13. The angular velocity of a wheel is 70 rad/sec.
(C) 10.47 deg/s (D) 60 deg/s If the radius of the wheel is 0.5 m, then linear
5. What is the angular speed of the seconds hand velocity of the wheel is
of a watch? (A) 70 m/s (B) 35 m/s
(A) 60 rad/s (B) π rad/s (C) 30 m/s (D) 20 m/s
(C) π/30 rad/s (D) 2 rad/s
14. A body is whirled in a horizontal circle of
6. What is the angular velocity of the earth? radius 20 cm. It has angular velocity of 10
2π 2π rad/s. What is its linear velocity at any point
(A) rad/sec (B) rad/sec on circular path?
86400 3600
(A) 10 m/s (B) 2 m/s
2π 2π
(C) rad/sec (D) rad/sec (C) 20 m/s (D) 2 m/s
24 6400
7. The ratio of angular speeds of second-hand 15. A particle moves in a circular path, 0.4 m in
and hour hand of a watch is radius, with constant speed. If particle makes
(A) 1 : 720 (B) 60 : 1 5 revolutions in each second of its motion, the
(C) 1 : 60 (D) 720 : 1 speed of the particle is
(A) 10.6 m/s (B) 11.2 m/s
8. A wheel has circumference C. If it makes
(C) 12.6 m/s (D) 13.6 m/s
n rps, the linear speed of a point on the
circumference is 1.4 Uniform Circular Motion (U.C.M)
(A) 2πnC (B) nC
(C) nC/2π (D) nC/60 16. Select the WRONG statement.
(A) In U.C.M linear speed is constant.
9. An electric motor of 12 horse-power generates
an angular velocity of 125 rad/s. What will be (B) In U.C.M linear velocity is constant.
the frequency of rotation? (C) In U.C.M magnitude of angular
(A) 20 (B) 20/π momentum is constant.
(C) 20/2π (D) 40 (D) In U.C.M angular velocity is constant.
5
Circular Motion
17. A particle moves along a circular orbit with 23. If the angle between tangential acceleration
constant angular velocity. This necessarily and resultant acceleration in non U.C.M. is α,
means, then direction of the resultant acceleration will
(A) its motion is confined to a single plane. be
(B) its motion is not confined to a single ⎛a ⎞ ⎛a ⎞
plane. (A) tan−1 ⎜ t ⎟ (B) tan−1 ⎜ r ⎟
(C) nothing can be said regarding the plane ⎝ ar ⎠ ⎝ at ⎠
of motion. ⎛a ⎞ ⎛a ⎞
(D) its motion is one-dimensional. (C) tan−1 ⎜ r ⎟ (D) tan−1 ⎜ t ⎟
⎝ aα ⎠ ⎝ aα ⎠
18. In a uniform circular motion
24. An electric fan has blades of length 30 cm as
(A) both velocity and acceleration are
measured from the axis of rotation. If the fan
constant
is rotating at 1200 r.p.m. The acceleration of a
(B) velocity changes and acceleration is
point on the tip of the blade is about
constant
(A) 1600 cm/sec2 (B) 4740 cm/sec2
(C) velocity is constant and acceleration
changes (C) 2370 cm/sec2 (D) 5055 cm/sec2
(D) both velocity and acceleration changes 25. The diameter of a flywheel is 1.2 m and it
19. A particle moves along a circle with a uniform makes 900 revolutions per minute. Calculate
the acceleration at a point on its rim.
speed v. After it has made an angle of 30° its
speed will be (A) 540 π2 m/s2 (B) 270 m/s2
v (C) 360π2 m/s2 (D) 540 m/s2
(A) v 2 (B)
2 26. A car is moving along a circular road at a
v speed of 20 m/s. The radius of circular road is
(C) (D) v 10 m. If the speed is increased at the rate of
3
30 m/s2, what is the resultant acceleration at
20. If a particle moves in a circle describing equal that moment?
angles in equal intervals of time, the velocity (A) 10 m/s2 (B) 50 m/s2
2
vector (C) 250 m/s (D) 80 m/s2
(A) remains constant
(B) changes in magnitude only 27. A particle in U.C.M. possess linear
acceleration since
(C) changes in direction only
(A) its linear speed changes continuously
(D) changes both in magnitude and direction
(B) both magnitude and direction of linear
1.5 Acceleration in U.C.M (Radial acceleration) velocity change continuously
(C) direction of linear velocity changes
21. The acceleration of a particle in U.C.M. continuously
directed towards centre and along the radius is
(D) its linear speed does not changes
called
continuously
(A) Centripetal acceleration
(B) Centrifugal acceleration 28. The angular speed (in rev/min) needed for a
(C) Gravitational acceleration centrifuge to produce an acceleration of 1000
(D) Tangential acceleration g at a radius arm of 10 cm is
(A) 1500 rev/min (B) 4000 rev/min
22. In an inertial frame of reference, a body
(C) 2000 rev/min (D) 3000 rev/min
performing uniform circular motion in
clockwise direction has 29. If a cycle wheel of radius 0.4 m completes one
(A) constant velocity revolution in one second, then acceleration of
(B) zero angular acceleration the cycle is
(C) centripetal acceleration (A) 0.4 π m/s2 (B) 0.8 π m/s2
(D) tangential acceleration (C) 0.4 π2 m/s2 (D) 1.6 π2 m/s2
6 Circular Motion
 1.3 Relation between linear velocity and
SECTION - 2
angular velocity
1.1 Angular displacement
9. To enable a particle to describe a circular path
1. A wheel rotates with a constant angular what should be the angle between its velocity
velocity of 300 rpm, the angle through which and acceleration?
the wheel rotates in one second is (A) 0° (B) 45°
(A) π rad (B) 5 π rad (C) 90° (D) 180°
(C) 10 π rad (D) 20 π rad
10. A body revolves n times in a circle of radius π
1.2 Angular velocity and angular acceleration
cm in one minute. Its linear velocity is
2. The ratio of angular speed of second hand to 60 2n
that of the minute hand of a clock is (A) cm/s (B) cm/s
2n 60
(A) 60 : 1 (B) 1 : 60
2π 2 n 2π 2 n 2
(C) 1 : 1 (D) 1 : 6 (C) cm/s (D) cm/s
60 60
3. What is the angular speed of the minute hand
of the clock, in degrees per second? 11. Two cars C1 and C2 are going round
(A) 0.01 (B) 0.1 concentric circles of radii R1 and R2. They
(C) 1.0 (D) 0.001 complete the circular paths in the same time.
Speed of C1
4. A particle is describing the circular path of Then =
Speed of C 2
radius 20 m in every 2 s. The average angular
speed of the particle during 4 s is (A) 1 (B) R1/R2
(A) 20 π rad s−1 (B) 4 π rad s−1 (C) R2/R1 (D) data insufficient
−1
(C) π rad s (D) 2π rad s−1
12. A wheel is 0.25 m in radius. When it makes 15
5. Calculate the angular acceleration if a revolutions per minute, its linear speed at a
flywheel gains a speed of 540 rpm in point on circumference is
6 seconds. π π
(A) 3π rad s–2 (B) 6π rad s–2 (A) m/s (B) m/s
2 8
(C) 9π rad s–2 (D) 12π rad s–2 π
(C) m/s (D) π m/s
6. A particle is in circular motion in a horizontal 4
plane. It has angular velocity of 10 π rad/s at
the end of 2 s and angular velocity 15 π rad/s 13. A stone tied to the end of a string of length
at 4 s. The angular acceleration of particle is 50 cm is whirled in a horizontal circle with a
constant speed. If the stone makes 40
(A) 5 π rad/s2 (B) 2.5 π rad/s2
revolutions in 20 s, then the speed of the stone
(C) 7.5 π rad/s2 (D) 2 π rad/s2 along the circle is
7. The linear velocity of a particle on the N-pole (A) π/2 ms–1 (B) π ms–1
of the earth is (C) 2 π ms–1 (D) 4π ms–1
(A) 0 (B) 486 km/hr
(C) infinite (D) 125 m/s 14. The radius of the earth is 6400 km. The linear
velocity of a point on the equator is nearly
8. A particle P is moving in a circle of radius ′a′ (A) 1600 km/hr (B) 1674 km/hr
with a uniform speed v. C is the centre of the
(C) 1500 km/hr (D) 1800 km/hr
circle and AB is a diameter. When passing
through B the angular velocity of P about A 15. What is the value of linear velocity, if
and C are in the ratio v → →
(A) 1 : 1 ω = 3iˆ − 4ˆj + kˆ and r = 5iˆ − 6ˆj + 6kˆ ?
(B) 1 : 2 A C r B (A) 6iˆ + 2ˆj − 3kˆ (B) −18iˆ − 13jˆ + 2kˆ
2r P
(C) 2 : 1
(D) 4 : 1 (C) 4iˆ − 13jˆ + 6kˆ (D) 6iˆ − 2ˆj + 8kˆ

10 Circular Motion
 16. If the equation for the displacement of a 22. An aircraft executes a horizontal loop of
particle moving on a circular path is given by radius 1 km with a steady speed of 900 km/h.
θ = 2t3 + 0.5, where θ is in radian and t is in Ratio of its centripetal acceleration to
seconds, then the angular velocity of the acceleration due to gravity is
particle at t = 2 s is (A) 9.2 (B) 6.25
(A) 8 rad/s (B) 12 rad/s (C) 5.0 (D) 8.25
(C) 24 rad/s (D) 36 rad/s
23. A turn table, which is rotating uniformly, has a
1.4 Uniform Circular Motion (U.C.M) particle placed on it. As seen from the ground,
the particle goes in a circle, with speed 20
17. A particle performing uniform circular motion cm/s and acceleration 20 cm/s2. The particle is
has now shifted to a new position, where radius is
half of the original value. The new values of
(A) radial velocity and radial acceleration
speed and acceleration will be is
(B) radial velocity and transverse
(A) 10 cm/s, 10 cm/s2
acceleration
(B) 10 cm/s, 80 cm/s2
(C) transverse velocity and radial
(C) 40 cm/s, 10 cm/s2
acceleration
(D) 40 cm/s, 40 cm/s2
(D) transverse velocity and transverse
acceleration 24. A particle is moving on a circular path with
constant speed, then its acceleration will be
18. When a body moves with a constant speed
(A) Zero
along a circle
(B) External radial acceleration
(A) no work is done on it
(C) Internal radial acceleration
(B) no acceleration is produced in the body
(D) Constant acceleration
(C) no force acts on the body
(D) its velocity remains constant 25. Two particles A and B are located at distances
rA and rB respectively from the centre of a
1.5 Acceleration in U.C.M (Radial acceleration) rotating disc such that rA > rB. In this case, if
angular velocity ω of rotation is constant then
19. A car is travelling at a given instant 40 m/s on (A) both A and B do not have any
a circular road of radius 400 m. Its speed is acceleration
increasing at the rate of 3 m/s. Its tangential (B) both A and B have same acceleration
acceleration is (C) A has greater acceleration than B
(A) 4 m/s2 (B) 3 m/s2 (D) B has greater acceleration than A
(C) 5 m/s2 (D) 2 m/s2
26. A particle goes round a circular path with
20. For a particle in circular motion the centripetal uniform speed v. After describing half the
acceleration circle, what is the change in its centripetal
(A) is less than its tangential acceleration acceleration?
(B) is equal to its tangential acceleration v2 2v 2
(A) (B)
(C) is more than its tangential acceleration r r
(D) May be more or less than its tangential 2v 2
v2
acceleration (C) (D)
πr πr
21. If a body moves with constant speed along a 27. ar and at represent radial and tangential
curved path, its tangential acceleration is accelerations respectively. The motion of the
(A) zero particle is uniformly circular only if
(B) is parallel to its velocity (A) ar = 0 and at = 0
(C) perpendicular to its velocity (B) ar = 0 and at ≠ 0
(D) can make any arbitrary angle with its (C) ar ≠ 0 and at = 0
velocity (D) ar ≠ 0 and at ≠ 0
11
Circular Motion
1.6 Centripetal and centrifugal forces 35. A coin, placed on a rotating turn-table slips,
when it is placed at a distance of 9 cm from
28. A body is revolving with a constant speed the centre. If the angular velocity of the turn-
along a circle. If its direction of motion is table is trippled, it will just slip, if its distance
reversed but the speed remains the same, then from the centre is
which of the following statement is true?
(A) The centripetal force will not suffer any (A) 27 cm (B) 9 cm
change in magnitude (C) 3 cm (D) 1 cm
(B) The centripetal force will have its
direction reversed 36. A body is kept on a horizontal disc of radius
(C) The centripetal force will suffer change 2 m at a distance of 1m from the centre. The
in direction coefficient of friction between the body and
(D) The centripetal force would be doubled the surface of disc is 0.4. The speed of rotation
of the disc at which the body starts slipping is
29. A cylindrical vessel partially filled with water
(g = 10 m/s2)
is rotated about its vertical central axis. Its
surface will (A) 2 rad/s (B) 4 rad/s
(A) Rise equally (C) 0.2 rad/s (D) 0.4 rad/s
(B) Rise from the sides
(C) Rise from the middle 37. A small coin is kept at the rim of a horizontal
(D) Lowered equally circular disc, which is set into rotation about
30. A car of mass 840 kg moves on a circular path vertical axis passing through its centre. If
with constant speed of 10 m/s. It is turned by radius of the disc is 5 cm and µs = 0.25, then
90°, after travelling 660 m on the road. The the angular speed at which the coin will just
centripetal force acting on the car is slip is
(A) 324 N (B) 2640 N (A) 5 rad/s (B) 7 rad/s
(C) 284 N (D) 200 N (C) 10 rad/s (D) 4.9 rad/s
31. A body of mass 500 gm is revolving in a
horizontal circle of radius 0.49 m. The 38. A string breaks under a load of 4 kg. A mass
centripetal force acting on it (if its period is 11 weighing 200 gm is attached to the end of this
sec) will be string, which is one metre long and rotated
(A) 0.008 N (B) 8.0 N horizontally. The angular velocity of rotation,
(C) 0.8 N (D) 0.08 N when the string breaks is nearly (g = 10 m/s2)
32. The ratio of centripetal forces on two electrons (A) 16 rad/s (B) 14 rad/s
which are revolving around nucleus of (C) 12 rad/s (D) 20 rad/s
hydrogen atom in 2nd and 3rd orbits
respectively is 39. A bend in a level road has a radius of 100 m.
(A) 27 : 8 (B) 81 : 16 The maximum speed with which a car turning
(C) 8 : 27 (D) 16 : 81 this bend without skidding, if coefficient of
33. A mass 2 kg describes a circle of radius 1.0 m friction between the tyres and the surface of
on a smooth horizontal table at a uniform the road is 0.8, will be (g = 9.8 m/s2)
speed. It is joined to the centre of the circle by (A) 20 m/s (B) 24 m/s
a string, which can just withstand 32 N. The (C) 28 m/s (D) 32 m/s
greatest number of revolutions per minute, the
mass can make is 40. When the road is dry and the coefficient of
(A) 38 (B) 4 friction is µ, the maximum speed of a car in a
(C) 76 (D) 16 circular path is 10 ms–1. If the road becomes
34. A particle does uniform circular motion in a µ
horizontal plane. The radius of the circle is 20 wet and µ′ = , then what is the maximum
2
cm. The centripetal force acting on the particle speed permitted?
is 10 N. Its kinetic energy is
(A) 0.1 J (B) 0.2 J (A) 5 ms–1 (B) 10 ms–1
(C) 2.0 J (D 1.0 J (C) 10 2 ms–1 (D) 5 2 ms–1
12 Circular Motion
 41. A car moves at a speed of 36 km hr–1 on a 1.7 Banking of road
level road. The coefficient of friction between
the tyres and the road is 0.8. The car 47. A railway line is banked with an angle of
negotiates a curve of radius R. If g = 10 ms–2, 0.01 radians. The height of the outer rail over
then the car will skid (or slip) while inner rail, if the distance between the two rails
negotiating the curve, if the value R is of 1.5 m, will be
(A) 20 m (B) 12 m (A) 0.025 m
(C) 14 m (D) 16 m (B) 0.035 m
(C) 0.015 m
42. On a dry road, the maximum permissible (D) 0.045 m
speed of a car in a circular path is 12 ms−1. If
the road becomes wet, then the maximum 48. If angle of banking is sin−1 (0.2) and normal
speed is 4 2 ms−1. If the coefficient of reaction is 2000 N then the weight of the car is
friction for dry road is µ, then that for the wet (A) 1959.6 N
road is (B) 2000.8 N
2 µ (C) 21000 N
(A) µ (B) (D) 22000 N
9 3
2µ 3 49. A bus is moving in a circular horizontal track
(C) (D) µ
3 4 of radius 10 m with a constant speed 10 m/s.
A plumb bob is suspended from the roof of the
43. A body moves along circular path of radius bus by a light rigid rod of length 1.0 m. The
50 m and the coefficient of friction is 0.4. angle made by the rod with the track is (Take
What should be its angular velocity in rad/s, if g = 10 m/s2)
it is not to slip from the surface? (g = 9.8 m/s2)
(A) zero (B) 30°
(A) 2.8 (B) 0.28
(C) 45° (D) 60°
(C) 0.27 (D) 2.7
44. A crate of egg is located in the middle of the 50. A road is 8 m wide. Its radius of curvature is
flat bed of a pick up truck as the truck 40 m. The outer edge is above the lower edge
negotiates an unbanked curve in the road. The by a distance of 1.2 m. The most suited
curve may be regarded as an arc of circle of velocity on the road is nearly
radius 35 m. If the coefficient of friction (A) 5.7 ms–1 (B) 8 ms–1
–1
between the crate and the flat bed of the truck (C) 36.1 ms (D) 9.7 ms–1
is 0.6, the speed with which the truck should 51. A circular road of radius 1000 m has banking
turn so that the crate does not slide over the angle 45°. The maximum safe speed of a car
bed is having mass 2000 kg will be, if the coefficient
(A) 14.3 m/s (B) 10.3 m/s of friction between tyre and road is 0.5
(C) 12.3 m/s (D) 15.3 m/s (A) 172 m/s (B) 124 m/s
45. The maximum frictional force between the (C) 99 m/s (D) 86 m/s
tyres of a car and the road is 0.5 mg. The car
52. While driving around curve of radius 17.32 m,
negotiates a curve of radius 10 metre. The
an engineer notes that a pendulum in his car
velocity is
(A) 10 m/s (B) 7 m/s hangs at an angle of 30° to the vertical. The
(C) 4.9 m/s (D) 14.2 m/s speed of the car is (approximately)
(A) 10 m/s (B) 15 m/s
46. A cyclist with combined mass 80 kg goes (C) 5 m/s (D) 6.7 m/s
around a curved road with a uniform speed
20 m/s. He has to bend inward by an angle 53. A boy on a cycle pedals around a circle of
θ = tan−1 (0.50) with the vertical. The force of radius 20 m at a speed of 20 m/s. The
friction acting at the point of contact of tyres combined mass of the body and the cycle is
and road surface is 90 kg. The angle that the cycle makes with the
(g = 10 m/s2) vertical so that is may not fall is (g = 9.8 m/s2)
(A) 300 N (B) 400 N (A) 60.25° (B) 63.90°
(C) 800 N (D) 250 N (C) 26.12° (D) 30.00°
13
Circular Motion
54. For traffic moving at 60 km/hour along a 60. The maximum speed with which a vehicle can
circular track of radius 0.1 km, the correct negotiate a curved road, which is banked at an
angle of banking is angle θ = tan−1 (0.24), is 54 km/hr. If the same
⎛ 60 2 ⎞ road is flat and vehicle has to negotiate the
(A) tan–1 ⎜ ⎟ curve with same maximum speed, the
⎝ 0.1 ⎠ coefficient of friction between the road and
⎡ ( 50 / 3)2 ⎤ tyres of the vehicle should be
(B) tan−1 ⎢ ⎥ (A) 0.35 (B) 0.24
⎢⎣100 × 9.8 ⎥⎦ (C) 0.8 (D) 0.5
⎡100 × 9.8 ⎤
tan−1 ⎢ 61. A railway track is banked for a speed v, by
2 ⎥
(C)
⎣⎢ ( 50 / 3) ⎦⎥ making the height of the outer rail h higher
than that of the inner rail. If the distance
(D) tan−1 ( 60 × 0.1× 9.8) between the rails is l and the radius of
curvature of the track is r, then
55. A circular racing car track has a radius of h v2
curvature of 500 m. The maximum speed of (A) =
l rg
the car is 180 km/hr. The angle of banking θ is
(g = 10 m/s2) ⎧ ⎛ h ⎞⎫ v
2
(B) tan ⎨sin −1 ⎜ ⎟ ⎬ =
(A) θ = tan−1 (0) (B) θ = tan−1 (0.5) ⎩ ⎝ l ⎠ ⎭ rg
(C) θ = tan−1 (0.3) (D) θ = tan−1 (0.1) 2
⎛h⎞ v
(C) tan–1 ⎜ ⎟ =
56. A road is 10 m wide. Its radius of curvature is ⎝ l ⎠ rg
50 m. The outer edge is above the lower edge
h v2
by a distance of 1.5 m. This road is most (D) =
suited for the velocity r lg
(A) 2.5 m/sec (B) 4.5 m/sec
62. A car is moving on a circular path and takes a
(C) 6.5 m/sec (D) 8.5 m/sec turn. If R1 and R2 be the reactions on the inner
57. A train has to negotiate a curve of radius and outer wheels respectively, then
400 m. The speed of the train is 72 km/hour. (A) R1 = R2 (B) R1 < R2
The horizontal distance is to be raised with (C) R1 > R2 (D) R1 ≥ R2
respect to the inner radius by h. If distance
between rail is l = 1 m, the value of h will be 63. On a railway curve, the outside rail is laid
(g = 10 m/s2) higher than the inside one so that resultant
force exerted on the wheels of the rail car by
(A) 15 cm (B) 10 cm
the tops of the rails will
(C) 5 cm (D) 2.5 cm
(A) have a horizontal inward component
58. The maximum safe speed, for which a banked (B) be vertical
road is intended, is to be increased by 20%. If (C) equilibrate the centripetal force
the angle of banking is not changed, then the (D) be decreased
radius of curvature of the road should be
changed from 30 m to 1.8 Conical Pendulum
(A) 36 m (B) 24 m
64. Consider a simple pendulum of length 1 m. Its
(C) 43.2 m (D) 60 m
bob perform a circular motion in horizontal
59. A cyclist going around a circular road of plane with its string making an angle 60° with
radius 10 m observed to be bending inward the vertical, the centripetal acceleration
30° with vertical. Frictional force acting on the experienced by the bob is
cyclist is (Given: g = 10 m/s2, mass of the (A) 17.3 m/s2
cyclist is 90 kg) (B) 5.8 m/s2
(A) 532 N (B) 800 N (C) 10 m/s2
(C) 1559 N (D) 520 N (D) 5 m/s2
14 Circular Motion
 65. A mass of 10 kg is whirled in a horizontal 71. A hollow sphere has radius 6.4 m. Minimum
circle by means of a string at an initial speed velocity required by a motorcyclist at bottom
of 5 r.p.m. Keeping the radius constant, the to complete the circle will be
tension in the string is quadrupled. The new (A) 17.7 m/s (B) 10.2 m/s
speed is nearly (C) 12.4 m/s (D) 16.0 m/s
(A) 14 r.p.m. (B) 10 r.p.m.
(C) 2.25 r.p.m. (D) 7 r.p.m. 72. A bucket full of water is revolved in a vertical
circle of radius 4 m such that water does not
66. Consider a simple pendulum of length 1 m. Its fall down. The time of one revolution is
bob perform a circular motion in horizontal
(A) 10 second (B) 8 second
plane with its string making an angle 60° with
(C) 4 second (D) 6 second
the vertical. The period of rotation of the bob
is (Take g = 10 m/s2) 73. A particle of mass m is rotating by means of
(A) 2 s (B) 1.4 s string in vertical circle. The difference in
(C) 1.98 s (D) 2.4 s tensions at top and bottom would be
67. If the length of the string of a conical (A) 6 mg (B) 4 mg
pendulum is 10 m, it has a bob of mass 50 g. (C) 2 mg (D) 3 mg
The angle that the string makes with the
74. A particle of mass 2 kg is rotating by means of
vertical is 30°. If the bob covers one
a string in a vertical circle. The difference in
revolution in 3 s, then the corresponding
the tensions at the bottom and the top would
centripetal force acting on the bob will be
be
(A) 10 N (B) 1 N
(C) 100 N (D) 5 N (A) 12 kg wt (B) 2 kg wt
(C) >12 kg wt (D) <12 kg wt
68. A particle of mass 1 kg is revolved in a
horizontal circle of radius 1 m with the help of 75. A 2 kg stone at the end of a string 1 m long is
a string. If the maximum tension the string can whirled in a vertical circle at a constant speed.
withstand is 16π2 N, then the maximum The speed of the stone is 4 m/sec. The tension
frequency with which the particle can revolve in the string will be 52 N, when the stone is
is (A) at the top of the circle
(A) 3 Hz (B) 2 Hz (B) at the bottom of the circle
(C) 4 Hz (D) 5 Hz (C) halfway down
69. In a conical pendulum, when the bob moves in (D) none of the above
a horizontal circle of radius r, with uniform
76. A 40 kg child sits on a swing supported by
speed v, the string of length L describes a cone
two chains each 3 m long. If the tension in
of semivertical angle θ. The tension in the each chain at lowest point is 350 N, then the
string is given by child’s speed at the lowest point is
(L2 − r 2 )1/2
(A) T = mgL (B) (A) 4.8 m/s (B) 3 m/s
L2 − r 2 mgL (C) 7.2 m/s (D) 9.1 m/s
mgL mgL
(C) T= (D) T= 77. An aeroplane flying in the sky with a uniform
(L2 − r 2 ) (L − r 2 ) 2
2
speed of 200 m/s moves in a vertical circle of
radius 400 m. The mass of the pilot is 70 kg.
1.9 Equation for velocity and energy at
The force exerted by the pilot on the seat at
different positions in Vertical Circular
the highest point of the circle will be
Motion
(A) 3000 N (B) 6300 N
70. An aeroplane, flying in the sky, suddenly (C) 7700 N (D) 630 N
starts revolving in a vertical circle of radius
4 km. At the highest point of the circle, the 78. In above problem the force exerted by the
pilot experiences weightlessness. Its velocity pilot on the seat at the lowest point of the
at the highest point will be circle will be
(A) 100 m/s (B) 200 m/s (A) 4500 N (B) 6300 N
(C) 300 m/s (D) 400 m/s (C) 7700 N (D) 770 N
15
Circular Motion
79. A woman weighing 600 N sitting in a car, 84. A body slides down a frictionless track, which
which is travelling with constant speed on ends in a circular loop of diameter D. Then the
straight road, suddenly goes over a hump in minimum height h of the body in terms of D,
so that it may just complete the loop is
the road (hump may be regarded as an arc of a
circle of radius 12.1 m) experiences 5 3
(A) h= D (B) h= D
weightlessness. Calculate the speed of the car. 2 2
(A) 11 m/s (B) 8 m/s 5
(C) h= D (D) h=2D
(C) 15 m/s (D) 5 m/s 4
85. A frictionless track ABCDE ends in a circular
80. A body of mass 1 kg is moving in a vertical loop of radius R. A body slides down the track
circular path of radius 1 m. The difference from point A which is at a height h = 5 cm.
between the kinetic energies at its highest and Maximum value of R for the body to
lowest position is successfully complete the loop is
A
(A) 20 J (B) 10 J
D
(C) 4 5 J (D) 10 ( 5 −1) J h
E 2R C
81. The maximum and minimum tension in the
string whirling in a circle of radius 2.5 m with B
constant velocity are in the ratio 5 : 3 then its 15
velocity is (A) 5 cm (B) cm
4
(A) 98 m/s (B) 7 m/s 10
(C) cm (D) 2 cm
3
(C) 490 m/s (D) 4.9 m/s
1.10 Kinematical equation in circular motion in
82. A student weighing 667 N rides a steadily analogy with linear motion
rotating Ferris wheel (student sits upright). At
86. A flywheel at rest is reached to an angular
the highest point, the magnitude of the normal velocity of 36 rad/sec in 6 sec, with a constant
→ angular acceleration. The total angle turned
force N on the student from the seat is 556 N. during this interval is
→
(A) 216 rad (B) 144 rad
The magnitude of N , if the wheel’s speed is
(C) 108 rad (D) 72 rad
doubled, is
(A) 223 N (B) 111 N 87. An engine requires 5 s to go from a speed of
600 rpm to 1200 rpm with constant
(C) 444 N (D) 332 N acceleration. How many revolutions does it
make in this period?
83. A stone of mass 1 kg tied to a light (A) 7.50 (B) 750
inextensible string of length (10/3) m is (C) 75 (D) 7500
whirling in a circular path of radius (10/3) m
in a vertical plane. If the ratio of the maximum 88. A wheel is subjected to uniform angular
tension in the string to the minimum tension is acceleration about its axis, initially its angular
4 and if g is taken to be 10 m/s2, the speed of velocity is zero. In the first 2 sec, it rotates
through an angle θ1, in the next 2 sec, it rotates
the stone at the highest point of the circle is
through an additional angle θ2. The ratio of θ2
(A) 5 2 m/s (B) 20 m/s and θ1 is
(A) 1 (B) 2
(C) 10 m/s (D) 10 3 m/s
(C) 3 (D) 5
16 Circular Motion
 89. When a ceiling fan is switched off its angular SECTION - 3
velocity reduces to 50% while it makes 36
rotations. How many more rotation will it 1.2 Angular velocity and angular acceleration
make before coming to rest (Assume uniform
angular retardation)? 1. Which of the following statements is false for
a particle moving in a circle with a constant
(A) 18 (B) 12
angular speed? [AIEEE 2004]
(C) 36 (D) 48
(A) The velocity vector is tangent to the
Miscellaneous circle
(B) The acceleration vector is tangent to the
90. Angular displacement (θ) of a flywheel varies circle
with time as θ = 2t + 3t2 radian. The angular (C) The acceleration vector points to the
acceleration at t = 2 s is given by centre of the circle
(A) 14 rad/s2 (B) 18 rad/s2 (D) The velocity and acceleration vectors
2
(C) 6 rad/s (D) 16 rad/s2 are perpendicular to each other
91. A wheel completes 2000 revolutions to cover 2. The angle turned by a body undergoing
the 9.5 km distance. Then the diameter of the circular motion depends on time as
wheel is θ = θ0 + θ1t + θ2t2. Then the angular
(A) 1.5 m (B) 1.5 cm acceleration of the body is [Orissa JEE 2009]
(C) 7.5 cm (D) 7.5 m (A) θ1 (B) θ2
(C) 2θ1 (D) 2θ2
92. A particle is moving in a circle of radius r
3. A fan is making 600 revolutions per minute.
centred at O with constant speed v. What is
If after some time it makes 1200 revolutions
the change in velocity in moving from A to B
per minute, then increase in its angular
if ∠AOB = 60°? velocity is [BHU 1999]
B (A) 10π rad/sac (B) 20π rad/sac
r (C) 40π rad/sac (D) 60π rad/sac
O 60° 1.3 Relation between linear velocity and
r v angular velocity
A
4. If the body is moving in a circle of radius r
(A) 2 v sin 30° (B) 2 v cos 30° with a constant speed v, its angular velocity is
[CPMT 1975; RPET 1999]
(C) 2 v sin 60° (D) 2 v cos 60°
(A) v2/r (B) vr
93. A particle moves along a circle of radius (C) v/r (D) r/v
20/π m with a constant tangential acceleration. 5. If the length of the second’s hand in a stop
If the velocity of the particle is 80 m/s at the clock is 3 cm the angular velocity and linear
end of the 2nd revolution after motion has velocity of the tip is [Kerala PET 2005]
begun, the tangential acceleration is (A) 0.2047 rad/sec 0.0314 m/sec
(A) 40 π m/s2 (B) 40 m/s2 (B) 0.2547 rad/sec, 0.314 m/sec
2
(C) 640 π m/s (D) 160 π m/s2 (C) 0.1472 rad/sec, 0.06314 m/sec
(D) 0.1047 rad/sec, 0.00314 m/sec
94. For a particle in a non-uniform accelerated
circular motion 1.4 Uniform Circular Motion (U.C.M)
(A) Velocity is radial and acceleration is 6. In uniform circular motion [MP PMT 1994]
transverse only (A) Both the angular velocity and the
(B) Velocity is transverse and acceleration is angular momentum vary
radial only (B) The angular velocity varies but the
(C) Velocity is radial and acceleration has angular momentum remains constant
both radial and transverse components (C) Both the angular velocity and the
(D) Velocity is transverse and acceleration angular momentum remains constant
has both radial and transverse (D) The angular momentum varies but the
components angular velocity remains constant
17
Circular Motion
1.5 Acceleration in U.C.M (Radial acceleration) 14. A 100 kg car is moving with a maximum
velocity of 9 m/s across a circular track of
7. Certain neutron stars are believed to be radius 30 m. The maximum force of friction
rotating at about 1 rev/sec. If such a star has a between the road and the car is
radius of 20 km, the acceleration of an object [Pb. PMT 2000]
on the equator of the star will be (A) 1000 N (B) 706 N
[NCERT 1982] (C) 270 N (D) 200 N
(A) 20 × 108 m/sec2
15. A proton of mass 1.6 × 10–27 kg goes round in
(B) 8 × 105 m/sec2
a circular orbit of radius 0.10 m under a
(C) 120 × 105 m/sec2
centripetal force of 4 × 10–13 N. then the
(D) 4 × 108 m/sec2 frequency of revolution of the proton is about
8. A particle moves in a circle of radius 25 cm at [Kerala (Med.) 2007]
two revolutions per second. The acceleration (A) 0.08 × 108 cycles per sec
of the particle in m/s2 is (B) 4 × 108 cycles per sec
[MNR 1991; UPSEAT 2000; DPMT 1999; (C) 8 × 108 cycles per sec
RPET 2003; Pb. PET 2004] (D) 12 × 108 cycles per sec
(A) π2 (B) 8π2 16. If the radius of curvature of the path of two
2
(C) 4π (D) 2π2 particles of same masses are in the ratio 1 : 2,
9. A car is moving with speed 30 m/sec on a then in order to have constant centripetal
circular path of radius 500 m. Its speed is force, their velocity, should be in the ratio of
increasing at the rate of 2 m/sec2, What is the [Pb. PET 2000]
acceleration of the car? [MP PMT 2003; (A) 1 : 4 (B) 4 : 1
Roorkee 1982; RPET 1996; MH CET 2002] (C) 2 :1 (D) 1 : 2
(A) 2 m/sec2 (B) 2.7 m/sec2 17. A motor cycle driver doubles its velocity
2
(C) 1.8 m/sec (D) 9.8 m/sec2 when he is having a turn. The force exerted
10. The centripetal acceleration is given by outwardly will be [AFMC 2002]
[RPET 1999] (A) Double (B) Half
(A) v2/r (B) vr (C) 4 times (D) 1
times
(C) vr2 (D) v/r 4

1.6 Centripetal and centrifugal forces 1.7 Banking of road

11. The magnitude of the centripetal force acting 18. A car sometimes overturns while taking a turn.
on a body of mass m executing uniform When it overturns, it is
motion in a circle of radius r with speed v is [AFMC 1988; MP PMT 2003]
[AFMC 1998; MP PET 1999] (A) the inner wheel which leaves the ground
(A) mvr (B) mv2/r first
2
(C) v/r m (D) v/rn (B) the outer wheel which leaves the ground
first
12. A string breaks if its tension exceeds 10 (C) both the wheels which leave the ground
newton. A stone of mass 250 gm tied to this simultaneously
string of length 10 cm is rotated in a (D) either wheel leaves the ground first
horizontal circle. The maximum angular
19. A train is moving towards north. At one place
velocity of rotation can be
it turns towards north-east, here we observe
[MP PMT 1999]
that [AIIMS 1980]
(A) 20 rad/s (B) 40 rad/s
(A) The radius of curvature of outer rail will
(C) 100 rad/s (D) 200 rad/s
be greater than that of the inner rail
13. A 500 kg car takes a round turn of radius 50 m (B) The radius of the inner rail will be
with a velocity of 36 km/hr. The centripetal greater than that of the outer rail
force is [KCET 2001; CBSE PMT 1999; (C) The radius of curvature of one of the
JIPMER 2001, 02] rails will be greater
(A) 250 N (B) 750 N (D) The radius of curvature of the outer and
(C) 1000 N (D) 1200 N inner rails will be the same
18 Circular Motion
 20. Find the maximum velocity for skidding for a 1.9 Vertical Circular Motion
car moved on a circular track of radius 100 m.
The coefficient of friction between the road 26. A heavy mass is attached to a thin wire and is
and tyre is 0.2 [CPMT 1996; Pb. PMT 2001] whirled in a vertical circle. The wire is most
likely to break [MP PET 1997]
(A) 0.14 m/s (B) 140 m/s
(A) When the mass is at the highest point of
(C) 1.4 km/s (D) 14 m/s the circle
(B) When the mass is at the lowest point of
21. The maximum speed of a car on a road–turn
the circle
of radius 30 m, if the coefficient of friction
between the tyres and the road is 0.4, will be (C) When the wire is horizontal
(D) At an angle of cos−1 (1/3) from the
[CBSE PMT 2000]
upward vertical
(A) 10.84 m/sec (B) 9.84 m/sec
(C) 8.84 m/sec (D) 6.84 m/sec 27. A body of mass m hangs at one end of a string
of length l, the other end of which is fixed. It
22. An aircraft executes a horizontal loop with a is given a horizontal velocity so that the string
speed of 150 m/s with its, wings banked at an would just reach where it makes an angle of
angle of 12°. The radius of the loop is (g = 10 60° with the vertical. The tension in the string
m/s2) [Pb. PET 2001] at mean position is [ISM Dhanbad 1994]
(A) 10.6 km (B) 9.6 km (A) 2 mg (B) mg
(C) 7.4 km (D) 5.8 km (C) 3 mg (D) 3 mg

23. Radius of the curved road on national highway 28. A simple pendulum oscillates in a vertical
is r. Width of the road is l. The outer edge of plane. When it passes through the mean
the road is raised by h with respect to the inner position, the tension in the string is 3 times the
edge, so that a car with velocity v can pass weight of the pendulum bob. What is the
safely over it. The value of h is maximum displacement of the pendulum of
the string with respect to the vertical?
[MP. PMT 1996]
[Orissa JEE 2002]
v2 r v2l (A) 30 o
(B) 45o
(A) (B)
g r (C) 60o (D) 90o
v2l v2 29. A particle is moving in a vertical circle. The
(C) (D)
rg g tensions in the string when passing through
two positions at angles 30° and 60° from
24. A person with his hands in his pockets is vertical (lowest position) are T1 and T2
skating on ice at the velocity of 10 m/s and respectively then [Orissa JEE 2002]
describes a circle of radius 50 m. What is his (A) T1 = T2
inclination with vertical [Pb. PET 2000] (B) T2 > T1
⎛1⎞ ⎛3⎞ (C) T1 > T2
(A) tan −1 ⎜ ⎟ (B) tan −1 ⎜ ⎟ (D) Tension in the string always remains the
⎝ 10 ⎠ ⎝5⎠ same
⎛1⎞
(C) tan−1(1) (D) tan −1 ⎜ ⎟ 30. A bucket tied at the end of a 1.6 m long string
⎝5⎠ is whirled in a vertical circle with constant
speed. What should be the minimum speed so
25. A particle describes a horizontal circle in a that the water from the bucket does not spill,
conical funnel whose inner surface is smooth when the bucket is at the highest position
with speed of 0.5 m/s. What is the height of (Take g = 10m/sec2) [AIIMS 1987]
the plane of circle from vertex of the funnel ? (A) 4 m/sec
[J&K CET 2005] (B) 6.25 m/sec
(A) 0.25 cm (B) 2 cm (C) 16 m/sec
(C) 4 cm (D) 2.5 cm (D) None of the above
19
Circular Motion
31. A weightless thread can support tension upto 37. The length of second’s hand in a watch is
30 N. A stone of mass 0.5 kg is tied to it and is 1 cm. The change in velocity of its tip in
revolved in a circular path of radius 2 m in a 15 seconds is [MP PMT 1987, 2003]
vertical plane. If g = 10 ms−2, then the
maximum angular velocity of the stone will be π
(A) Zero (B) cm/sec
[MP PMT 1994] 30 2
(A) 5 rad/s (B) 30 rad/s π π 2
(C) cm/sec (D) cm/sec
(C) 60 rad/s (D) 10 rad/s 30 30
32. A weightless thread can bear tension upto 3.7
kg wt. A stone of mass 500 gm is tied to it and 38. A particle of mass m is moving in a circular
revolved in a circular path of radius 4 m in a path of constant radius r such that its
vertical plane. If g = 10 ms−2, then the centripetal acceleration ac is varying with time
maximum angular velocity of the stone will be t as, ac = k2rt2, The power delivered to the
[MP PMT/PET 1998] particle by the forces acting on it is
(A) 4 rad/sec (B) 16 rad/sec
[IIT 2008]
(C) 21 rad/sec (D) 2 rad/sec 2 2 2 2
(A) 2πmk r t (B) mk r t
Miscellaneous 4 2 5
mk r t
(C) (D) Zero
33. A cyclist taking turn bends inwards while a 3
car passenger taking same turn is thrown
outwards. The reason is 39. A sphere of mass m is tied to end of a string of
[NCERT 1972; CPMT 2010] length l and rotated through the other end
(A) car is heavier than cycle along a horizontal circular path with speed v.
(B) car has four wheels while cycle has only
The work done in full horizontal circle is
two
(C) difference in the speed of the two [CPMT 1993; JIPMER 2000]
(D) cyclist has to counteract the centrifugal ⎛ mv 2 ⎞
force while in the case of car only the (A) 0 (B) ⎜ ⎟ ⋅2πr
passenger is thrown by this force ⎝ l ⎠
34. A particle comes round a circle of radius 1 m ⎛ mv 2 ⎞
once. The time taken by it is 10 sec. The (C) mg⋅2πr (D) ⎜ ⎟ .(l )
⎝ r ⎠
average velocity of motion is [JIPMER 1999]
(A) 0.2π m/s (B) 2π m/s
(C) 2 m/s (D) Zero 40. A particle of mass m is executing uniform
circular motion on a path of radius r. If p is the
35. The second’s hand of a watch has length 6 cm. magnitude of its linear momentum. The radial
Speed of end point and magnitude of force acting on the particle is [MP PET 2010]
difference of velocities at two perpendicular rm
positions will be [RPET 1997] (A) pmr (B)
p
(A) 6.28 & 0 mm/s
(B) 8.88 & 4.44 mm/s mp 2 p2
(C) (D)
(C) 8.88 & 6.28 mm/s r rm
(D) 6.28 & 8.88 mm/s
41. A cyclist turns around a curve at
36. An athlete completes one round of a circular
15 miles/hour. If he turns at double the speed,
track of radius 10 m in 40 sec. The distance
the tendency to overturn is
covered by him in 2 min 20 sec is
[Kerala (Med.) 2002] [CPMT 1974; AFMC 2003]
(A) 70 m (B) 140 m (A) Doubled (B) Quadrupled
(C) 110 m (D) 220 m (C) Halved (D) Unchanged
20 Circular Motion
 2
42. A string of length L is fixed at one end and (A) 1.88 m/s, 35.5 m/s , 35.5 N
carries a mass M at the other end. The string (B) 2.88 m/s, 45.5 m/s2, 45.5 N
makes 2/π revolutions per second around the (C) 3.88 m/s, 55.5 m/s2, 55.5 N
vertical axis through the fixed end as shown in (D) None of these
the figure, then tension in the string is
[BHU 2002; DPMT 2004] 45. A block follows the path as shown in the
S figure from height h. If radius of circular path
(A) ML is r, then relation holds good to complete full
(B) 2 ML θ circle is [RPMT 1997]
L (A) h < 5r/2
(C) 4 ML
T (B) h > 5r/2 h
(D) 16 ML 2r
(C) h = 5r/2
M
(D) h ≥ 5r/2
R
46. A stone of mass m is tied to a string and is
43. If a particle of mass m is moving in a moved in a vertical circle of radius r making n
horizontal circle of radius r with a centripetal revolutions per minute. The total tension in
force (−k/ r2), the total energy is the string when the stone is at its lowest point
[EAMCET (Med.) 1995; is [Kerala (Engg.) 2001]
AMU (Engg.) 2001] (A) mg (B) m(g + πnr2)
k k
(A) − (B) − ⎡ π2n 2r ⎤
2r r (C) m(g + πnr) (D) m ⎢g + ⎥
⎣ 900 ⎦
2k 4k
(C) − (D) −
r r 47. A bucket full of water is revolved in vertical
44. A body of mass 1 kg tied to one end of string circle of radius 2 m. What should be the
is revolved in a horizontal circle of radius maximum time-period of revolution so that the
0.1 m with a speed of 3 revolution/sec, water doesn’t fall off the bucket?
assuming the effect of gravity is negligible, [AFMC 2004]
then linear velocity, acceleration and tension (A) 1 sec (B) 2 sec
in the string will be [DPMT 2003] (C) 3 sec (D) 4 sec

Answers Key to Multiple Choice Questions

Section 1
1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (C) 4. (B) 5. (C) 6. (A) 7. (D) 8. (B) 9. (A) 10. (C)
11. (A) 12. (A) 13. (B) 14. (B) 15. (C) 16. (B) 17. (A) 18. (D) 19. (D) 20. (C)
21. (A) 22. (C) 23. (B) 24. (B) 25. (A) 26. (B) 27. (C) 28. (D) 29. (D) 30. (A)
31. (D) 32. (C) 33. (B) 34. (C) 35. (B) 36. (C) 37. (C) 38. (B) 39. (A) 40. (A)
41. (A) 42. (B) 43. (A) 44. (C) 45. (C) 46. (B) 47. (A) 48. (D) 49. (C) 50. (B)
51. (C) 52. (C) 53. (C) 54. (D) 55. (A) 56. (B) 57. (B) 58. (D) 59. (C) 60. (C)
61. (A) 62. (B) 63. (C) 64. (C) 65. (A) 66. (D)
Section 2
1. (C) 2. (A) 3. (B) 4. (C) 5. (A) 6. (B) 7. (A) 8. (B) 9. (C) 10. (C)
11. (B) 12. (B) 13. (C) 14. (B) 15. (B) 16. (C) 17. (C) 18. (A) 19. (B) 20. (D)
21. (A) 22. (B) 23. (A) 24. (C) 25. (C) 26. (B) 27. (C) 28. (A) 29. (B) 30. (D)
31. (D) 32. (B) 33. (A) 34. (D) 35. (D) 36. (A) 37. (B) 38. (B) 39. (C) 40. (D)
41. (B) 42. (A) 43. (B) 44. (A) 45. (B) 46. (B) 47. (C) 48. (A) 49. (C) 50. (B)
51. (A) 52. (A) 53. (B) 54. (B) 55. (B) 56. (D) 57. (B) 58. (C) 59. (D) 60. (B)
61. (B) 62. (B) 63. (A) 64. (A) 65. (B) 66. (B) 67. (B) 68. (B) 69. (A) 70. (B)
71. (A) 72. (C) 73. (A) 74. (A) 75. (B) 76. (A) 77. (B) 78. (C) 79. (A) 80. (A)
81. (A) 82. (A) 83. (C) 84. (C) 85. (D) 86. (C) 87. (C) 88. (C) 89. (B) 90. (C)
91. (A) 92. (A) 93. (B) 94. (D)
21
Circular Motion
 Section 3
1. (B) 2. (D) 3. (B) 4. (C) 5. (D) 6. (C) 7. (B) 8. (C) 9. (B) 10. (A)
11. (B) 12. (A) 13. (C) 14. (C) 15. (A) 16. (D) 17. (C) 18. (A) 19. (A) 20. (D)
21. (A) 22. (A) 23. (C) 24. (D) 25. (D) 26. (B) 27. (A) 28. (D) 29. (C) 30. (A)
31. (A) 32. (A) 33. (D) 34. (D) 35. (D) 36. (D) 37. (D) 38. (B) 39. (A) 40. (D)
41. (B) 42. (D) 43. (A) 44. (A) 45. (D) 46. (D) 47. (C)

Hints to Multiple Choice Questions

Section 1 19. At each point on circular path velocity remain
same for any value of θ.
3. ω = 2πn = 2 × π × 3.5 = 7π 2
= 7 × 3.14 ≈ 22 rad/s ⎛ 1200 ⎞
24. a = ω2r = 4 π2n2r = 4π2 ⎜ ⎟ × 0.3
⎝ 60 ⎠
2π × 100
4. ω = 2πn = = 10.47 rad/s = 4740 cm/s2
60
rev 900
5. T = 60 s, 25. n = 900 = rev/s = 15 rev/s
min 60
2π 2π π
ω= = = rad/s 1 .2
T 60 30 a = ω2r = (2 πn)2 × = 540 π2 m/s2
2
2π 2π 2π
6. ω= = rad/hr = rad/s v2 20 × 20
T 24 86400 26. ar = = = 40 m/s2, at = 30 m/s2
r 10
ωS T 12 × 3600
7. = H = = 720 : 1 a= a 2r + a 2t = 40 2 + 30 2 = 50 m/s2
ωH TS 60
28. a = ω2r
8. C = 2πr
a
C ∴ ω2 =
∴ r= r
2π
C a
∴ v = r2πn = × 2π × n = nC ∴ ω =
2π r
=1000 × 9.8 ≈ 314 rad/sec
9. ω = 2πn
10 × 10 −2
∴ 125 = 2πn
n = 314/2π = 50 rev/sec
125
∴ n = n = 3000 rev/min
2π
∴ n ≈ 20 29. r = 0.4 m, n = 1 rev/s
ω = 2πn = 2π × 1 = 2π rad/s
dω
10. α= = 0 (As ω = constant) a = rω2 = 0.4 × (2π)2 = 0.4 × 4 π2
dt a = 1.6 π2 m/s2
dω 2π × 210
11. α= = = 4.4 rad/s2 mv 2
dt 60 × 5 37. p = mv; F =
r
13. v = rω = 0.5 × 70 = 35 m/s F mv 2 / r v
∴ = =
p mv r
14. v = rω = 20 × 10 cm/s = 2 m/s
15. r = 0.4 m, n = 5, v = ? mv 2
38. Fs =
v = rω = r × 2π n = 0.4 × 2π × 5 r
= 0.4 × 2 × 3.14 × 5 = 12.56 ≈ 12.6 m/s F r 105 × 10
∴ v2 = s = 2
= 104
18. In U.C.M. direction of velocity and m 10
acceleration change from point to point. ∴ v = 100 m/s
22 Circular Motion
 mv 2 5
39. F= 63. v = 72 km/hr = 72 × = 20 m/s
r 18
1 v 20
If m and v are constants then F ∝ ∴ ω0 = = = 80 rad/sec
r r 0. 5 / 2
F1 ⎛r ⎞ 2
ω2 = ω 0 + 2αθ
∴ = ⎜ 2⎟
F2 ⎝ r1 ⎠ 0 = (80)2 + 2α(2π × 20)
mv 2 6400 = 80 πα
40. Breaking tension T =
r 80
α= = 25.45 rad/s2
(r = length of the string) π
50 × 1
∴ v2 = 66. The particle performing circular motion flies
1 off tangentially.
∴ v = 5 2 m/s
Section 2
41. m = 10 kg, v = 5 m/s, F = 125 N 300
1. Frequency of wheel, n = = 5 rps
mv 2 60
F=
r Angle described by wheel in one rotation = 2π
mv 2 10 × (5) 2 250 rad.
∴ r= = = =2m
F 125 125 Therefore angle described by wheel in 1 sec
θ = 2π × 5 radians = 10 π rad
54. For looping the loop minimum velocity at the
lowest point should be 5gl . 2π 2π
2. Angular speed of second hand, ωs = =
Ts 60
55. Thrust at the lowest point of concave bridge
Angular speed of minute hand,
mv 2
= mg + 2π 2π
r ωm = =
Tm 60 × 60
mv 2 ωs 2π 60 × 60
56. N = mg cos θ − , θ = angle with vertical ∴ = × = 60 : 1
R ωm 60 2π
As vehicle descends, angle increases, its
cosine decreases, hence N decreases. 3. For minute hand T = 60 min
2π 2π
59. µ mrω2 ≥ mg; Angular speed, ω = = rad/s
T 60 × 60
g π 180
ω≥ = × = 0.1
µr 1800 π
o
60. v1 = rg 180
[∵ 1 rad = ]
π
v2 = 5rg = 5 × rg = 5 × v1
angle described 2π
ω − ω0 2πn − 0 2 × 3.14 × 350 4. ω= = = π rad/s
61. α= = = time taken 2
t t 220
= 10 rad/s2 540
5. n= = 9, ω = 2πn = 18π
1 2 60
62. θ = ω0t + αt Angular acceleration
2
Gain in angular velocity 18π
1 = = = 3π rad s–2
= 4 × 10 + × 2 × (10)2 = 140 time 6
2
θ 140 dω 15π − 10π 5π
n= = ≈ 22 6. α= = = = 2.5 π rad/s2
2π 2π dt 4−2 2
23
Circular Motion
7. v = r.ω 14. T = 24 hr, r = 6400
where r is distance from axis of rotation. 2π 2π
v = ωr = ×r = × 6400
At the north-pole, r = 0 T 24
v=0 2 × 3.14 × 6400
=
8. Angular velocity of particle P 24
about point A, v ≈ 1674 km/hr
v v ˆi ˆj kˆ
ωA = = → →
rAB 2r →
15. v = ω × r = 3 −4 1 = −18iˆ − 13jˆ + 2kˆ
Angular velocity of particle P
5 −6 6
about point C,
v v 16. We have θ = 2t3 + 0.5
ωC = =
rBC r d
ω= (2t3 + 0.5) = 6t2
ωA v r dt
= ×
ωC 2r v At t = 2 s, ω = 6 × 22 = 24 rad/s
ωA 1 19. Tangential force acting on the car increases
= the magnitude of its speed.
ωC 2
∴ at = time rate of change of its speed
9. A particle will describe a circular path if the = change in the speed of the car per unit time
→ which is 3 m/s
angle between velocity, v and acceleration ∴ Tangential acceleration = 3 m /s2
→
a is 90°. 20. There is no relation between centripetal and
n tangential acceleration. Centripetal
10. Angular velocity, ω = 2π acceleration is must for circular motion but
60 tangential acceleration may be zero.
2πn × π
∴ linear velocity, v = ωr = 21. When a body is moving with constant speed
60 the tangential acceleration developed in a
2π 2 n body is zero.
= cm/s
60 22. Radius of horizontal loop, r = 1 km = 1000 m
2π 900 × 10 3
11. Speed of C1 = ωR1 = R1 v = 900 km/h = = 250 m/s
T 3600
2π v2 250 × 250
Speed of C2 = ωR2 = R2 a= = = 62.5 m/s2
T r 1000
Speed of C1 2πR1 / T R a 62.5
∴ = = 1 = = 6.25
Speed of C 2 2πR 2 / T R2 g 10

15 23. Velocity, v = ωr
12. r = 0.25 m, n = 15 rpm = rps ωr v
60 ∴ v′ = ωr′ = = = 10 cm/s
π 2 2
2 × π × 15
ω = 2πn = = rad/s ∴ a = ω2r
60 2 r a
π π ∴ a′ = ω2r′ = ω2 2 = = 10 cm/s2
v = rω = 0.25 × = m/s 2
2 8
24. In uniform circular motion, acceleration
20 1 causes due to change in direction and is
13. T= = = 0.5 s,
40 2 directed radially towards centre.
2π 2π 25. As ω is constant, acceleration is due to the
ω= = = 4π rad/s
T 0 .5 change in direction of velocity = ω2r
Let r = 50 cm = 0.5 m As rA > rB
v = rω = 0.5 × 4π = 2π m/s ∴ aA > a B
24 Circular Motion
 26. In half a circle, the direction of acceleration is mv 2
reversed. 34. = 10
r
v2 −v 2 1 r 0.20
It goes from to ∴ mv 2 = 10 × = 10 × =1J
r r 2 2 2
Hence, change in centripetal acceleration
35. In the given condition friction provides the
v 2 ⎛ − v 2 ⎞ 2v 2
= −⎜ ⎟= required centripetal force and that is constant.
r ⎝ r ⎠ r i.e. mω2r = constant
2
27. If ar = 0, there is no radial acceleration and 1 ⎛ω ⎞ ⎛1⎞
2

circular motion is not possible ∴ r ∝ 2 ∴ r2 = r1 ⎜ 1 ⎟ = 9 ⎜ ⎟ = 1 cm

ω ⎝ ω2 ⎠ ⎝3⎠
So ar ≠ 0
If at ≠ 0 the motion is not uniform as angular 36. µmg = mω2r
velocity will change µg 0.4 ×10
So ar ≠ 0 and at = 0 for uniform circular ∴ ω= = = 4 = 2 rad/s
r 1
motion
37. µmg ≤ mrω2
mv 2
28. Centripetal force = and is directed µg = rω2 (For minimum angular speed)
r µg 0.25 × 9.8 25
always towards the centre of circle. Sense of ω2 = = −2
= × 9.8
rotation does not affect magnitude and r 5 ×10 5
direction of this centripetal force. = 9.8 × 5
= 49.0
29. Due to centrifugal force.
∴ ω = 7 rad/s
30. Distance covered, s = θ × 2πr 38. Breaking tension = 4 × 10 = 40 N
360o
∴ T = mrω2
90
660 = × 2πr T 40
360 ∴ ω2 = = = 200
mr 200 × 10 −3 × 1
r = 420 m
∴ ω ≈ 14 rad/s
mv 2 840 × 10 × 10
F= = = 200 N
r 420 39. v2 = µrg = 0.8 × 100 × 9.8 = 784
2
∴ v = 28 m/s
2π
31. Fcp = mω r = m ⎛⎜ ⎞⎟ r
2

⎝ T ⎠ 40. v= µgr
µ v
i.e. 10
2
⎛ 22 1 ⎞ When µ becomes , v becomes
= 500 × 10 × ⎜ 2 ×
–3
× ⎟ × 0.49 2 2 2
⎝ 7 11 ⎠
500 × 10−3 × 16 × 0.49 = 10 2 = 5 2 ms–1
= = 0.08 N 2
49
1 41. The speed with which the car turns is
32. F ∝ 2 and r ∝ n2 where n is principal v2 ≥ µRg
r
3 2
R ≤ ⎛⎜ 36 × 10 ⎞⎟ ×
quantum no. 1
∴ = 12.5 m
4
F1 n 42 ⎛ 3 ⎞ 81 ⎝ 3600 ⎠ 0.8 × 10
∴ = =⎜ ⎟ =
F2 n14 ⎝ 2 ⎠ 16 R ≤ 12.5 m
33. Force, F = mω r2 ∴ R = 12 m
32 42. 12 = µrg , 4 2 = µ′rg
∴ ω2 = = 16 ∴ ω = 4 rad/s
2 ×1 12 µ 3 µ
∴ Frequency of revolution per minute = ⇒ =
4 2 µ′ 2 µ′
ω 4× 7
n= × 60 = × 60 2
2π 2 × 22 ∴ µ′ = µ
= 38 rev / min 9
25
Circular Motion
43. v = µrg = 0.4 × 50 × 9.8 = 196 51. The maximum velocity for a banked road with
friction,
v = 14 m/sec
v 14 ⎛ µ + tan θ ⎞
ω= = = 0.28 rad/s v2 = gr ⎜ ⎟
r 50 ⎝ 1 − µ tan θ ⎠
44. For the crate not to slide, the centripetal force ⎛ 0.5 + 1 ⎞
∴ v2 = 9.8 × 1000 × ⎜ ⎟
mv 2 ⎝ 1 − 0.5 ×1 ⎠
should be = µmg
r ∴ v = 172 m/s
∴ v2 = µrg = 0.6 × 35 × 9.8 = 205.8
v2
∴ v = 14.3 m/s 52. tan θ =
rg
mv 2
45. µmg = ∴ v= tan θ rg
r
mv 2 1
∴ 0.5 mg = = tan 30 o × 17.32 × 10 = × 17.32 × 10
r 3
2
v = 0.5 × r × g = 0.5 × 10 × 9.8 = 49 = 10
∴ v = 7 m/s
v2 20 × 20 20
46. In order for the cyclist to turn 53. tan θ = = = = 2.04
rg 20 × 9.8 9.8
Frictional force = centripetal force
θ = tan–1 (2.04) = 63.90°
⎛ v2 ⎞ v2
∴ µmg = m ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ = mg 2
⎝ r ⎠ rg
tan θ = v = ⎛⎜ 60 × ⎞⎟ ×
2
5 1
54.
v2 rg ⎝ 18 ⎠ 0.1 × 103 × 9.8
But = tan θ
rg
θ = tan–1 ⎡⎢ (50 / 3) ⎤⎥
2
∴
∴ µmg = mg tan θ = 80 × 10 × 0.5 = 400 N ⎣100 × 9.8 ⎦
h
47. tan θ ≈ θ = 55. v2 = rg tan (θ)
l
5
h = l θ = 1.5 × 0.01 = 0.015 m v = 180 km/hr = × 180 = 50 m/s.
18
1 r = 500 m g = 10 m/s2
48. 5 sin θ = 0.2 =
1 5 v2 50 × 50 5 1
∴ tan θ = = = =
θ rg 500 ×10 10 2
24 ⎛ 1⎞
∴ θ = tan−1 ⎜ ⎟ = tan −1 (0.5)
mg = N cos θ ⎝ 2⎠
24
∴ weight = N cos θ = × 2000 = 1959.6 v2 h
5 56. =
rg l
49. r = 10 m, v = 10 m/s
v = rg tan θ = 10 ×10 × tan θ rgh 50 × 9.8 ×1.5
∴ v= = = 8.5 m/s
l 10
10 = 10 tan θ
tan θ = 1 5
57. r = 400 m, v = 72 km/hr = 72 × = 20 m/s,
∴ θ = 45° 18
50. h = l sin θ l = 1 m, h = ?
h 1.2 v2 h
∴ sin θ ≈ tan θ = = = 15 ∴ =
l 8 rg l
∴ tan θ = 0.15 v2 l 20 × 20 × 1
Now, v = rg tan θ = 40 × 9.8 × 0.15 ≈ 8 m/s ∴ h= = = 0.1 m = 10 cm
rg 400 × 10
26 Circular Motion
 58. Let initial velocity = v1 63. This horizontal inward component provides
required centripetal force.
⎛ 20 ⎞ 6v
New velocity v2 = v ⎜1 + ⎟= 5
⎝ 100 ⎠ 64. Centripetal acceleration
v2 v2 acp = ω2r = g l sin θ = g tanθ
r1 = 30 m, tan θ1 = 1 , tan θ2 = 2 l cos θ
r1g r2 g
= 10 × tan 60° = 17.3 m/s2
As there is no change in angle of banking
65. T = ma = mrω2
θ1 = θ2 ∴ tan θ1 = tan θ2 T ∝ ω2
v12 v2 ω' 2
∴ = 2 =
T'
=
4T
=4
r1g r2 g 2
ω T T
⎛ ⎞
2
∴ ω′2 = 4ω2
2 2
r1 ⎛ v1 ⎞ ⎜ v1 ⎟ ⎛5⎞ 25 ∴ ω′ = 2 ω
∴ =⎜ ⎟ =⎜ ⎟ =⎜ ⎟ = n′ = 2n = 2 × 5
r2 ⎝ v2 ⎠ 6
⎜ v1 ⎟ ⎝6⎠ 36
⎝5 ⎠ = 10 rpm
36 36 216 66. T sin θ = mω2r = mω2 l sin θ ….(i)
∴ r2 = r1 = × 30 = = 43.2 m T cos θ = mg ….(ii)
25 25 5

mv 2 v2
59. Fs = But, tan θ = 60°
r rg T

v2 T cosθ
= g tan θ
r ar
Tsinθ
Fs = mg tan θ = 90 × 10 × tan 30° = 520 N mg
g
∴ From (i) and (ii) ω2 =
⎛ v2 ⎞ l cosθ
60. For banking of road θ = tan–1 ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ g
⎝ rg ⎠ ∴ ω=
l cos θ
v2 2π l cos θ
Given θ = tan–1 (0.24) and also µ = ∴ Time period, T = = 2π
rg ω g
= 0.24. 1 × cos 60°
= 2 × 3.14 ×
h 10
61. sin θ = = 1.4 s
l
v2 67. r = l sinθ
∴ tan θ = r = 10 sin 30°
rg
∴ r=5m
⎧ −1 ⎛ h ⎞ ⎫ v2 2π 2π
tan ⎨sin ⎜ ⎟ ⎬ = ω= =
⎩ ⎝ l ⎠⎭ rg T 3
Centripetal force = mω2r
1 ⎡ v2h ⎤ 4π 2
62. Reaction on inner wheel R1 = M ⎢g − ⎥ = 5 × 10−2 × ×5
2 ⎣ ra ⎦ 9
= 25 × 10−2 × 4
1 ⎡ v2h ⎤
Reaction on outer wheel R2 = M ⎢g + ⎥ = 100 × 10−2 = 1 N
2 ⎣ ra ⎦
68. mrω2 = T and ω = 2πn
where, r = radius of circular path,
2a = distance between two wheels and 1 T
n= = 2 Hz
h = height of centre of gravity of car. 4 π mr
2

27
Circular Motion
 mg 78. At the lowest point of the circle
69. T=
cos θ mv 2 ⎡ 4 ×10 4 ⎤
θ F = + mg = 70 × ⎢ + 10 ⎥
L r ⎣ 400 ⎦
h L2 − r 2 h
cosθ = =
L L = 7700N
mg L r
∴ T=
mv 2
L2 − r 2 79. = mg
r
70. At the highest point
∴ v2 = gr
mv2
mg = v= gr = 10× 12.1 = 121 = 11 m/s
r
∴ v = rg = 4000 × 10 = 200 m/s
81. Even though particle is moving in a vertical
71. Minimum velocity at the bottom, loop, its speed remain constant.
v = 5gr = 5 × 9.8 × 6.4 mv2
Tension at lowest point, Tmax = + mg
r
= 313.6 = 17.7 m/s
mv2
mv 2 Tension at highest point, Tmin = − mg
72. F= = mω2r r
r mv 2
g 2π 9.8 + mg
Tmax 5
∴ ω= , = = r2 =
r T 4 Tmin mv 3
− mg
2π× 2 r
∴ T= ≈4s
9.8 By solving we get, v = 4gr = 4×9.8× 2.5
m 2 m 2
73. TL − TH = (u + gr) − (u − 5gr) = 98 m/s
r r
m 82. mg = 667 N
= (u2 + gr − u2 + 5gr)
r
mv12
m mg – N1 =
= (6gr) = 6 mg r
r
mv12
74. Difference in tension = 6 mg = 6 × 2 = 667 – 556 = 111
= 12 kg wt r
Let v2 = 2v1
mv 2 2 × (4) 2
75. mg = 20 N and = = 32 N mv 2 2 4mv12
r 1 = = 4 × 111 = 444
It is clear that 52 N tension will be at the r r
bottom of the circle. Because we know that mv 2 2
mg – N2 =
mv 2 r
TBottom = mg +
r N2 = 667 – 444 = 223 N
mv 2
76. = T – mg = (2 × 350 – 40 × 10) = 300 mv12
r 83. Maximum tension Tmax = + mg
r
300 × 3
v2 = = 22.5 m/sec mv 22
40 Minimum tension Tmin = − mg
v = 4.8 m/s r
77. At the highest point of the circle Using the law of conservation of energy,
1 2 1 2
mv 2 ⎡ 4 ×104 ⎤ mv1 = mv2 + 2mgr
F= − mg = 70 × ⎢ − 10 ⎥ 2 2
r ⎣ 400 ⎦
= 6300 N That is v12 = v22 + 4rg

28 Circular Motion