National Research and Innovation Agency (Indonesia)

National Research and Innovation Agency (Indonesia)
The National Research and Innovation Agency (Indonesian: Badan Riset dan Inovasi
Nasional, BRIN) is a cabinet-level government agency formed by the Indonesian government National Research and
in 2019. Originally a new agency attached to the Ministry of Research and Technology and Innovation Agency (BRIN)
leading to the formation of the Ministry of Research and Technology/National Research and Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional
Innovation Agency, the agency was controversially separated and established as a new non-
ministerial government agency directly under the President of Indonesia on 28 April 2021. On
24 August 2021 the agency gained official cabinet level status through enactment of
Presidential Decree No. 78/2021. Under the new presidential regulation, the agency became
the sole national research agency of Indonesia.
The agency has been characterized as a "scientific merger company" for its controversial
strategy of fusing many pre-existing scientific agencies into its own body. Asvi Warman
Adam [id], an Indonesian scholar and historian, noted that BRIN is a form of "holding
research institution".[1] Laksana Tri Handoko, claimed that the agency he currently lead is a
"Research Mothership" housing all state research activities of Indonesia.[2]
Logo of BRIN
In September 2021, BRIN became a member of the International Science Council.[3]
Contents
History
Formation
Uncertainty
Separation
Establishment as Indonesia' Sole National Research Agency
BRIN's Research and Development Consolidation Plans
Attempt to challenge BRIN status Alternative logo and Flag of BRIN
Structural Revision Agency overview
Liquidation of State Research and Development Agencies into BRIN Formed 24 October 2019
Preceding Agencies 28 April 2021 (as
Logo independent agency)
Organizations Preceding see Preceding

agency Agencies
Responses
Criticisms Jurisdiction Indonesia
Potential of Conflict of Interest Employees +11,000
Criticism over Liquidation Strategy Annual 736,396,346.27 USD
Criticism on BRIDA Formation budget (Rp 10.51 trillions)
Controversy over Balitbangtan Liquidation Agency Megawati
Continuous Political Attacks from Prosperous Justice Party executives Soekarnoputri,
List of BRIN Core Leadership Chairwoman of BRIN
List of Steering Committee Members Steering Committee
List of Chairmen Laksana Tri
References Handoko, Chairman
Website https://brin.go.id (http
s://brin.go.id)
History
Formation
On 17 April 2018, Presidential Decree No. 38/2018 on National Research Main Framework of 2017–2045 was signed by President
Joko Widodo. The decree is intended to provide the Main Framework outlining the national research policies and priorities for
comprehensive sustainable development.[4]
Before BRIN existed, government research and development activities were scattered across various ministries and government
institutes and were mostly pursuing short term outcomes.[5] Not only that, research and development management was considered far
from effective. The Corruption Eradication Commission reported in 2018, that from the national government research funding around
24.92 trillion rupiahs allocated for research (0.25% of Indonesia Bruto domestic product), in which only 43.74% spent on Research
and Development (RnD) activities, while others spent for operational costs (30.68%), service costs (13.17%), capital expenditure
(6.65%), and education and training (5.77%). Not only that, fictitious researches, overlapping researches, and various misuse and
mismanagement of funding was also reported.[6][7] BRIN formed with intention to fix the problems in Indonesia research ecosystem.
BRIN formation was not apart from the figure of Megawati Soekarnoputri, former fifth President of Indonesia and Leader of
Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle. The BRIN formation was suggested by her during her political speech during 46th
anniversary party event in January 2019. In her speech, she suggested to the current sitting president, Joko Widodo, to form of a
national-centered research and innovation agency to direct and support national research ecosystem, promoting nationality, and
promoting national self-sufficiency.[8][9]
On 13 August 2019, Widodo signed Law No. 11 of 2019 on National System of Sciences and Technology. Article 48 of the law
laying foundation of future BRIN.[10] After winning the election, on 23 October 2019, he signed Presidential Decision No.
113/P/2019 on formation of his cabinet and the ministers. As the Presidential Decision written, the agency attached to Ministry of
Research and Technology.[11] On 24 October 2019, BRIN temporary constituting document, Presidential Decree No. 74/2019 signed
by him. The constituting document specify that the organizational system of BRIN must be fixed in three months after the signing of
the temporary document.[12]
Uncertainty
However, Bambang Brodjonegoro, the Minister of Research and Technology somehow failed to finished it and meet the deadline. In
response, Joko Widodo issued a temporary extension through Presidential Decree No. 95/2019 on 31 December 2019, enabling the
process to be extended until 31 April 2020.[13] However, until the time past, the process was still not finished. The situation made
Indonesian researchers becoming worried that something went wrong.[14]
The uncertainty problem arose due to conflicts between the three ministries: Ministry of Research and Technology, Ministry of Law
and Human Rights, and Ministry of State Apparatus Utilization and Bureaucratic Reform. People's Representative Council requested
Joko Widodo to warn the ministries to work properly and consolidating.[15]
In an interview on 11 April 2021, Bambang Brodjonegoro accused that there is a "political power" in government that attempted to
make BRIN an autonomous body.[16]
Separation
On 30 March 2021, Joko Widodo submitted a Presidential Letter No. R-14/Pres/03/2021 to the People's Representative Council
(DPR) contained a proposal for major change his cabinet. In his Presidential Letter, Ministry of Research and Technology and Ministry
of Education and Culture will be fused into one ministry named Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology. While a
new ministry, Ministry of Investment, will be spin off from current Coordinating Ministry for Maritime and Investments Affairs to be
independent ministry on its own, but still under its coordination. BRIN will be separated as a new non-ministerial agency.[17]
On 9 April 2021, DPR approved the changes.[18] On 13 April 2021, Ali Mochtar Ngabalin, a senior staff at the Executive Office of
the President of the Republic of Indonesia, announced that the second reshuffle will take place on second week of April 2021.[19]
However, due to many reasons, the second reshuffle finally announced at 28 April 2021. Unusual for reshuffle happened in Indonesia,
this reshuffle was the first of its kind which not only reshuffled the ministers, but also disbanding ministry institutions during the mid-
term of presidency. In this reshuffle, Laksana Tri Handoko, former Chief of Indonesian Institute of Sciences appointed as the second
holder of Chairman of BRIN, but first holder of Chairman since its independence.[20] All appointed officials inaugurated and their
respective new offices were established with Presidential Decision No. 72/P/2021.[21] However, the chairman inaugurated separately
with different Presidential Decision, No. 19/M/2021.[22]
Establishment as Indonesia' Sole National Research Agency
On 5 May 2021, Joko Widodo signed Presidential Decree No. 33/2021, effectively establishing BRIN as sole national research
agency. The decree decreed that all Indonesian national research agency such as Indonesian Institute of Sciences (Indonesian:
Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, LIPI), Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (Indonesian: Badan
Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi, BPPT), National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia (Indonesian: Badan Tenaga Nuklir
Nasional, BATAN), and National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (Indonesian: Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional,
LAPAN) fused into BRIN. As expected, BRIN position no longer as regulatory body, as its regulation function remains in the
ministry.[23] Despite being signed on that day, the decree, which backdated on 28 April 2021, was not yet published on government's
law official channel, Documentation Legal Information Network (Indonesian: Jaringan Dokumentasi Informasi Hukum) but mass
media, which make it not yet become officially in force.[24] It finally published on 29 May 2021.[25]
The initial organizational structure of BRIN also greatly expanded with this decree. BRIN now divided into 2 parts, Steering
Committee and Executives. The Steering Committee, which is, controversially, ex-officio office hold by members of Steering
Committee of Pancasila Ideology Development Agency (Indonesian: Badan Pembina Ideologi Pancasila, abbreviated as BPIP)
Steering Committee. The Chairman of BRIN Steering Committee is also The chairman of BPIP Steering Committee. The Executives
headed with Chairman of BRIN, executing research and day-to-day activities, as directed by the Steering Committee.[23]
The decree also granted local government in each province and city to upgrade their Research and Development Department in their
respective province and city into Regional Research and Innovation Agency (Indonesian: Badan Riset dan Inovasi Daerah,
abbreviated as BRIDA). While the BRIDA office responsible to their own respective area and local government, BRIN also have
power to monitor, control, and evaluate each BRIDA office research performance.[23] The decree mandated to every province and
regencies and townships government must formed their own BRIDA office in 2 years after the decree become effective. With currently
there are 34 provinces, 416 regencies, and 98 township in Indonesia, 548 BRIDA offices are expected to be formed at least until
2023.[26][27]
As the initial capital for BRIN as independent agency, Government approved to allocate Rp 6.6 trillions for Fiscal Year 2022.[28] The
initial capital later finally expanded to Rp 10.51 trillions for Fiscal Year 2022 in 27 September 2021.[29]
In 20 September 2021, it is revealed that more than 11,000 employees of the former Ministry of Research and Technology, LIPI,
BPPT, LAPAN, and BATAN being moved from their original institutions to BRIN in the transitional period.[30]
BRIN's Research and Development Consolidation Plans
On 9 June 2021, Chairman of BRIN, Laksana Tri Handoko announced the plan that BRIN will be expanded more with integration of
ministerial Research and Development divisions.[31] The plan actually not something new, as the issue already exist in 2018, since the
Bill of the Law of National System of Sciences and Technology discussed in the parliament.[32] Back in April 2021, Joko Widodo
intended that in the future, ministerial Research and Development divisions relinquished to the BRIN so the national research activities
consolidated to BRIN only and no more overlapping research performed.[33] In the announcement of this plan, BRIN, together with
Ministry of Finance, and Ministry of National Development Planning, prepared 3 options: (1) full integration of those research and
development division from the respective ministry to BRIN, so each ministry required to relinquished their research and development
division to the BRIN fully, but this plan is the most exhaustive, because structural change may involve the research and development
division's originator ministry and Ministry of State Apparatus Utilization and Bureaucratic Reform (2) program transition, which only
relinquish some of ministerial research programs, its funding and execution to BRIN, or (3) partial transition, in which, only part of the
research arm within the ministerial research and development division relinquished to BRIN, but the human resources retained their
status from its originating ministry.[31] The third option probably made due to, in some ministries, its research and development
division combined with human resources development, such as in Ministry of Religious Affairs' Research, Development, Education,
and Training Agency.[32]
On 15 June 2021, additional plan of BRIN expansion announced by Laksana Tri Handoko. The additional plan is the fusion of all
scientific institutions in Indonesia into BRIN, except some scientific regulatory and oversight agencies. Mentioned in the plan,
additional agencies to be fused into BRIN are Geospatial Information Agency (Indonesian: Badan Informasi Geospasial, abbreviated
as BIG), and National Standardization Agency (Indonesian: Badan Standardisasi Nasional, abbreviated as BSN).[34] The BIG
inclusion is unexpected, because BIG is part of the Indonesia intelligence system and Geospatial Intelligence system Geospatial
Intelligence Working Group (Indonesia: Kelompok Kerja Intelijen Geospasial).[35][36]
On 8 July 2021, Laksana Tri Handoko announced a total of 48 state research units/agencies will join BRIN structure.[37]
To strengthen BRIN existence to coordinate all research matters in national levels to the regional/local levels, Ministry of State
Apparatus Utilization and Bureaucratic Reform issued Circular No. B/295/M.SM.02.03/2021 on reformation and transformation of
research resources on 22 July 2021.[38] The circular addressed to all state-owned research institutions and regional/local research and
development departments. The circular mandated to the addressed institutes to be arranged their research and development arm under
coordination of BRIN, and pushing formation of BRIDA offices as late as 31 December 2022.[38] On 12 August 2021, the Ministry of
Home Affairs' Research and Development Agency, cooperated with Ministry of State Apparatus Utilization and Bureaucratic Reform,
BRIN, National Civil Service Agency, and National Institute of Public Administration held symposium on Research Institution
Reformation. On the symposium, many issues relating research coordination under BRIN discussed. Addressed issues are: (1) human
resource transfer from the institutions that due to be fused into BRIN, and (2) on the difficulties of BRIDA formation. On the BRIDA
formation matter, the Ministry of Home Affairs offered the assistance to the local and regional government to assist the formation of
BRIDA office on their respective area.[39][40][41]
On 28 August 2021, BRIN, announced plan to cut off and dismantle redundant state research institutions and centers of excellence
(COEs) in Indonesia for efficiency in funding. BRIN also developed means to prevent formation and replication of these institutions in
future, so in future, formations of the institutions prohibited and avoided research redundancies deemed wasteful and burdening
taxpayers' money.[42]
On 22 September 2021, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, a long time subordinate of Ministry of Research and Technology,
officially become the subordinate of the BRIN rather the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology. It is announced
that the status become "research unit under the BRIN".[43][44] The name of Eijkman Institute later changed to Eijkman Molecular
Biology Research Center, under the Life Sciences Research Organization of National Research and Innovation Agency.[45] This was
first BRIN organization capture after the consolidation.
Attempt to challenge BRIN status
Two researchers, Eko Noer Kristianto and Heru Susetyo, submitted a judicial review to Constitutional Court to challenge the
government decision. The researchers claimed that there is "potentially raised uncertainties" of Indonesia scientific community due to
BRIN existence and requesting clearance on "integration" in laws regulating sciences in Indonesia.[46] The submission of the case
submitted as Submission Deed No. 34/PUU/PAN.MK/AP3/08/2021 to the Constitutional Court. The deed later registered as Case No.
46/PUU-XIX/2021 on 7 September 2021. The first meeting of the review was held at 21 September 2021.[47][48] On 15 December
2021, the Constitutional Court decided to dismissed the case.[49]
Structural Revision
Presidential Decree No. 33/2021 proved clashed with existing laws, and call for revision of the constituting document are voiced by
scientists and law makers. The biggest issues are clashes between Law No. 10/1997 (Nuclear Power) and Law No. 21/2013 (Law of
Space) in which BATAN and LAPAN, respectively made based on the said laws, not thru Presidential Decrees like LIPI, BPPT, and
other agencies.[50] On 7 July 2021, Government announced future replacement of current BRIN temporary constituting document,
Presidential Decree No. 33/2021.The replacement document intended to change the way BRIN will be operated, and changing the
organization's structure. The replacement document still under construction during the time of announcement. The announcement also
giving some glimpses of future BRIN will be. On the announcement, there are 5 major points of revisions: (1) Revisions on the
presidential decree's articles which conflicted with preexisting laws, (2) Clarification on the integration mechanisms, (3) Harmonization
between BRIN and other scientific and scientific regulatory agencies, (4) Fixing inter agencies coordination issues, (5) There will be
10 to 11 Technical Implementing Organizations under BRIN. What are the Technical Implementing Organizations subordinated under
BRIN were unknown at that time, but there are some demotion of currently preexisting organizations, and some others are split of
preexisting organizations.[51][52] The revision also somehow defending BATAN and LAPAN status for being dismantled and left out
from BRIN, although however, some parts of the institutions will joined BRIN. Despite that, the said revision plan yet to cover the
clear difference between BRIN and Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology in regulating science in Indonesia and
the coordination between these two institutions on research matters with the DPR are yet to be clear. As the result, currently for
consultation on research matters split between two different commissions in DPR.[50][53]
As part of the bargain and deal made by preexisting agencies with BRIN, agencies fused into BRIN still able to carry their old name
when they do their business as the name already used for decades and some active projects, contracts, and cooperations still retained
the old name. For example, in case of LAPAN after its disbandment it will be changed into an organization called Aeronautics and
Space Research Organization (Indonesian: Organisasi Riset Penerbangan dan Antariksa, ORPA). Despite LAPAN now known as
ORPA, ORPA can still use LAPAN as their name on their preexisting active projects, contracts, and cooperations.[54]
On 30 July 2021, Joko Widodo issued Presidential Decree No. 62/2021, the permanent constituting document of Ministry of
Education, Culture, Research and Technology, to the government's law official channel, Documentation Legal Information
Network.[55][56] The decree further cemented the ministry regulatory functions over science, research, and technology in Indonesia
thru formation of the General Directorate of Higher Education, Research, and Technology, miniaturized version of Ministry of
Research and Technology, within the ministry body, not BRIN. While it make clear that BRIN do not have regulatory functions
anymore and vested the regulatory functions in the ministry, the document still not yet made clear the coordination between the
ministry and the BRIN. Nadiem Makarim himself asserted that BRIN is a partner of the ministry in performing researches, not the
subordinate of the ministry.[57]
On 10 August 2021, as part of leaving the past and legacy of Ristek era, BRIN introduced new logo. The change of the logo
announced at the same time of 26th National Technology Awakening Day celebration. The logo was drawn by Triawan Munaf [id],
former Chief of Creative Economy Agency of Jokowi's previous Working Cabinet. The new logo consisted with stylized, integration
of previous logos of LIPI, BPPT, LAPAN, and BATAN.[58][59][60] At the ceremony, Laksana Tri Handoko announced the
finalization of upcoming draft of BRIN line up.[61]
On 24 August 2021, the new BRIN temporary constitutional document, Presidential Decree No. 78/2021 signed as the replacement of
Presidential Decree No. 33/2021, and published on 1 September 2021. Based on the new decree, BRIN Steering Committee and
deputies overhauled and restructured, the Technical Implementing Organizations (now termed simply as Research Organizations) in
BRIN expanded, and integration mechanism cleared.[62] The new decree did not spare BATAN and LAPAN from disbandment,
however, BATAN and LAPAN relinquished their power and rights granted by laws, Law No. 10/1997 (Nuclear Power) and Law No.
21/2013 (Law of Space) respectively, to the BRIN as sole inheritor.[62] It also provide mechanisms to local and regional government to
form BRIDA offices. In the old constituting document, BRIDA is solely formed by their respective local and regional government. In
the new constituting document, BRIDA formation is jointly provided by local/regional government and BRIN, with BRIN providing
consideration of the formation of BRIDA to the local government. The BRIDAs can be attached to the Local/Regional Government
Research and Development Department, not too burdening to local/regional government as before.[62] It also make clear between
BRIN and the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology. BRIN inherited much of the former Ministry of Research
and Technology, except some works and responsibilities that need to left to the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and
Technology.[62] The decree also reconfigure the office of the Steering Committee, from solely from BPIP steering committee members
to become mixed between BPIP, Ministry of Finance, and Ministry of National Development Planning, academicians, and
professionals.[63] The decree also uplifted status of BRIN to not only behaved just like common research and development agency
which just only performing researches. The decree officially turned BRIN to has power and enjoyed status like ministerial office and
become cabinet-level agency (termed as Lembaga Setingkat Kementerian). However, BRIN activities much controlled under
supervision of BRIN Steering Committee directions, inputs, evaluations, approvals, or policy recommendations due to increased power
of BRIN Steering Committee granted by the decree. The BRIN Steering Committee also had reserved rights to form Executive
Assistance Task Forces to effectively assist BRIN executive under "special circumstances" if needed.[63] BRIN also required to report
its institutional performance biannually to the Steering Committee, and annually reported to the president.[62] On 2 September 2021,
acting executive officers of the Research Organizations inaugurated. With the inauguration of officers, LIPI, BPPT, LAPAN, and
BATAN come to the end, but their integration process still on the way and pushed to one year after the enactment of Presidential
Decree No.78/2021.[62][64][65][66][67]
On 3 September 2021, BRIN announced that will be held position filling process gradually on September 2021, December 2021, and
March 2022 due to the organization size.[68] The real size of BRIN was not yet known to public and yet to be disclosed. On 6
September 2021, it is revealed from the disclosure that the organization structure of BRIN is actually very big, and it will housed 16
Research Organizations under its umbrella.[69]
On 13 October 2021, Megawati Soekarnoputri and other Steering Committee members inaugurated as BRIN Steering Committee by
Joko Widodo. The inauguration done after a period of controversy over the Office of the BRIN Steering Committee brewed since May
2021.[70][71][72] On the ceremony, Megawati inaugurated together with Sri Mulyani, Suharso Monoarfa, Sudhamek Agung Waspodo
Sunyoto, Emil Salim, I Gede Wenten, Bambang Kesowo, Adi Utarini, Marsudi Wahyu Kisworo, Tri Mumpuni.
Liquidation of State Research and Development Agencies into BRIN

In attempt of consolidation of state research activities under BRIN, Indonesian Government changed several ministries affected with
the reform. Some ministries, which do not wanted to their R&D institutions being liquidated into BRIN due to being vital for decision
making were opted to rescale their R&D operation, while also contributing part of their unit and resources to be relinquished to BRIN.
Most ministries are no longer perform national scale or large scale research, except for policy making purposes. The reform also
changed BRIN to able to perform national or large scale researches, no longer the ministry.[73]
The first affected was the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology. After the issue of Presidential Decree
No.62/2021, the Ministry issued Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology Decree No. 28/2021, which confirmed the
relinquishment of its National Archaeology Research Institute to BRIN.[74]
On 25 October 2021, Presidential Decree No. 97/2021 issued in which affecting the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, the
decree ordered relinquishment both of the Ministry's Geological Agency the Ministry's Energy and Mineral Resources Research and
Development Agency to BRIN.[75]
Some exception of the transfer also happened. For example was Ministry of Communication and Information Technology Human
Resources Research and Development Agency due to the agency very specialized research in communication monitoring and policy
making and does not contain any research which falls into innovative research. More over the agency focus largely in education and
training purposes.[76] On 24 November 2021 the agency only relinquished 30 researchers, 2 research programs, and its funding to
BRIN to be positioned in BRIN preexisting research agencies.[77]
On 30 November 2021, BRIN announced that Health and Nutrition Research Organization and Agriculture and Food and Agriculture
Research Organization, transformation of the previously from National Institute of Health Research and Development of Ministry of
Health and Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development of Ministry of Agriculture will activated and operated
soon.[78][79]
On 15 December 2021, BRIN announced that human resource integration process to be consolidated to BRIN already 95%, and
relinquishment of human resources from their original ministries and institutions will done at 16 December 2021.[80] On 16 December
2021, 28 of 34 ministerial research and development agencies officially liquidated to BRIN, while another 6 is ongoing.[81][82][83]
Preceding Agencies
BRIN, as sole Indonesia's National Research Agency, projected as sole inheritor and continuation of various Indonesia's state research
agencies. As in 30 November 2021, 7 agencies already liquidated into BRIN's body, and 2 additional Research Organization will
become active in future. On 16 December 2021, 28 of 34 ministerial research and development agencies officially liquidated to BRIN
in Batch 1 Liquidation.[81] The excerpt of the liquidation letters containing a list of liquidated agencies made available on 21
December 2021, although their placement in BRIN still unknown.[84]
Original Date
Original Parent Acquirement Current Status in
# Preceding Agency Founding Acquired
Organization Mode BRIN
Date by BRIN
1
16 March Full
1 Ministry of Research and Technology N/A September
1962 integration
2021
National Research and Innovation Executive Offices
Agency 24 1 of BRIN
Full
2 N/A October September
integration
(First Incarnation) 2019 2021
Engineering
Science Research
Organization
(ORIPT)
Earth Sciences
Research
Organization
1 (ORIPK)
23 August Full
3 Indonesian Institute of Sciences N/A September Life Sciences
1967 integration
2021 Research
Organization
(ORIPH)
Social Sciences
and Humanities
Research
Organization
(ORIPSH)
Assessment and
Application of
1
Technology Assessment and 21 August Full Technology
4 N/A September
Application Agency 1978 integration Research
2021
Organization
(ORPPT-BPPT)
Nuclear Power
5 1
Full Research
5 National Nuclear Energy Agency N/A December September
integration Organization
1958 2021
(ORTN-BATAN)
Aeronautics and
27 1
National Institute of Aeronautics and Full Space Research
6 N/A November September
Space integration Organization
1963 2021
(ORPA-LAPAN)
22 Eijkman Molecular
Ministry of Research and 31 July Full
7 Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology September Biology Research
Technology 1992 integration
2021 Center of ORIPH
Health and Nutrition
12 16
National Institute of Health Research Research
8 Ministry of Health December December
and Development Organization
1975 2021
(ORKG)
Marine and
15 16
Agency for Marine and Fisheries Ministry of Marine Affairs Fisheries Research
9 December December
Research and Human Resources and Fisheries Organization
2000 2021
(ORKP)
Food and
Agriculture
Indonesian Agency for Agricultural 26 August
10 Ministry of Agriculture TBA Research
Research and Development 1974
Organization
(ORPP)
Ministry of Education, 16 Archaeology
National Archaeology Research 14 June Full
11 Culture, Research and December Research
Institute 1913 integration
Technology 2021 Organization (ORA)
Research, Development, and 16 May Full
12 TBA Environment and
Innovation Agency 1913 integration
Ministry of Environment and Forestry Research
Environment and Forestry Forestry 14 Organization
Partial
13 Instrumentation Standardization September TBA (ORLH)
integration
Agency 2020
14 Research, Development, Education, Ministry of Religious Affairs 1 April 16 Religious Sciences
and Training Agency 1975[85] December and Religious
2021 Beliefs Research
Organization
(ORAK)
Part to Education
Research Center of
ORIPSH[86]
Lajnah Pentahsihan Mushaf Al-Qur'an 24 16
Full
15 (Bureau for Checking Copies of the January December
Integration Education Research
Quran)[87] 2007 2021
Center of
Agency for Research and Development Ministry of Education and
18 16
Partial ORIPSH[86]
16 October December
and Book Affairs Culture Integration
1969 2021
16
Agency for Law and Human Rights Ministry of Law and Human c. May
17 December Law Research
Research and Development Rights 2001
2021 Center of
Bureau for Supports for Human Rights National Commission on 7 July ORIPSH[86]
18 TBA
Enforcement Human Rights 1993
28 16
Archival System Research and National Archives of
19 January December TBA
Development Center Indonesia
1892 2021
17 16
Geospatial Information
20 October December TBA
Agency
1969 2021
26 16
21 Central Bureau of Statistics September December TBA
1960 2021
16
Center for Research and Human National Standardization 26 March
22 December TBA
Resource Development Agency 1998
2021
16
National Population and 29 June
23 Center for Research and Development December TBA
Family Planning Agency 1970
2021
16
Center for Assessment of State Civil
24 State Civil Service December TBA
Servants Management
2021
Center of Assessment of Radiation
25 Facilities and Radioactives Monitoring
System and Technology 16
Nuclear Energy Regulatory 4 January
December TBA
Center of Assessment of Nuclear Agency 1999
2021
26 Installations and Nuclear Materials
Monitoring System and Technology
Ministry of Agrarian Affairs
Center for Development and 16
and Spatial 26 August
27 Standardization of Agrarian Affairs and December TBA
Planning/National Land 1974
Spatial Planning Policies 2021
Agency
16
Research and Development Agency of 26 August
28 Ministry of Home Affairs December TBA
the Ministry of Home Affairs 1974
2021
Agency for Development and Ministry of Villages,
16
Information of Villages, Development of Development of 10 August
29 December TBA
Disadvantaged Regions, and Disadvantaged Regions and 2020
2021
Transmigration Transmigration
16
26 August
30 Agency for Planning and Development Ministry of Manpower December TBA
1974
2021
16
31 Fiscal Policies Agency Ministry of Finance c. 1975 December TBA
2021
Partial
16 Integration,
Human Resources Research and Ministry of Communication 26 August
32 December Human TBA
Development Agency and Information Technology 1974
2021 Resource
only
Assistant Deputy-ship of Cooperatives Ministry of Cooperatives 19 16
33 and Small & Medium Enterprises and Small & Medium October December TBA
Research and Development Enterprises 2015 2021
34 Deputy of Strategic Policies Minister of Tourism and 30 16 Partial TBA
Creative Economy/Tourism January December Integration,
and Creative Economy 2020 2021 Human
Agency Resource
only
16
Trade Policy Analysis and 29 April
35 Minister of Trade December TBA
Development Agency 2015
2021
16
Transportation Research and 22 April
36 Minister of Transportation December TBA
Development Agency 1980
2021
16
Defense Research and Development 24 August
37 Minister of Defence December TBA
Agency 1967
2021
16
Agency for Social Education, 26 August
38 Minister of Social Affairs December TBA
Research, and Extension 1974
2021
16
State Administration
39 December TBA
Institute
2021
Agency for Research and 25 16
40 Development, and Education and Supreme Court of Indonesia October December TBA
Training of Law and Justice 1994 2021
16
General Secretariat of People's People's Consultative 27 May Partial
41 December TBA
Consultative Assembly Assembly 1999 Integration
2021
16
General Secretariat of Regional Regional Representative 3 August Partial
42 December TBA
Representative Council Council 2005 Integration
2021
16
General Secretariat of People's People's Representative 12 May Partial
43 December TBA
Representative Council Council 1984 Integration
2021
Logo
Logo of BRIN (28 Logo of BRIN (from

April 2021 - 10 10 August 2021)
August 2021)
Organizations
With the enforcement of Presidential Decree No. 33/2021, the organization of BRIN greatly expanded and much complexed. BRIN
inherited national research units and laboratories formerly owned by LIPI, BPPT, BATAN, and LAPAN, totaling more than 80
institutes.
With the structural revision thru Presidential Decree No. 78/2021, the decree overhauled the structure of BRIN and expanded BRIN
structure. The decree altered BRIN Steering Committee structures and Research Organizations of BRIN from original 4 into 7, less
than 11 originally planned. The Deputies structures also altered to not based of the fields of expertise as before.[67][62] On 6 September
2021, full structure of BRIN disclosed. The disclosure cited Presidential Decree No. 78/2021 and Chairman of BRIN Decree No.
1/2021. From the disclosure, it is revealed that those 7 Research Organizations actually part of more than dozens Research
Organizations that will be placed under BRIN.[69]
On 24 September 2021, Chairman of BRIN Regulation No. 1/2021 fully published.[88]
The full structure of BRIN is as follows:
1. Office of BRIN Steering Committee

1. Office of Chairman of BRIN Steering
Committee (ex-officio office filled with the
BPIP Chairman of Steering Committee)
2. Office of Vice Chairmen of BRIN Steering
Committee (ex-officio office filled with the
Minister of Finance and Ministry of National
Development Planning)
3. Secretary
4. Steering Committees
5. Executive Assistance Task Forces
2. Executives
1. Office of Chairman of BRIN
2. Office of Vice Chairman of BRIN BRIN Organizational Structure, as in 1 September 2021. Included also
3. Executive Secretariat realized and future Research Organizations.
1. Bureau of Planning and Finance

2. Bureau of Law Affairs and Cooperation
3. Bureau of Organization Affairs and Human Resources
4. Bureau of State Properties Management Affairs and Procurement
5. Bureau of Public Communication, General Affairs, and Secretariat
6. Section of Household Affairs
7. Section of Secretariat Affairs
4. Deputy I (Development Policies)
1. Office of the Deputy I
2. Office of the Deputy I Secretariat
3. Directorate of Policy on Human Development, Population and Cultural Affairs
4. Directorate of Policy on Political, Law, Defense, and Security Affairs
5. Directorate of Policy on Economy, Manpower, and Regional Development Affairs
6. Directorate of Policy on Environment, Maritime, Natural Resource, and Nuclear Power Affairs
5. Deputy II (Research and Innovation Policies)
1. Office of the Deputy II
2. Office of the Deputy II Secretariat
3. Directorate of Research, Technology, and Innovation Policy Formulation
4. Directorate of Research, Technology, and Innovation Measurements and Indicators
5. Directorate of Evaluation of Research, Technology, and Innovation Policies
6. Deputy III (Human Resources, Sciences, and Technology)
1. Office of the Deputy III
2. Office of the Deputy III Secretariat
3. Directorate of Competency Development
4. Directorate of Functionaries Guidance and Professional Development
5. Directorate of Talent Management
7. Deputy IV (Research and Innovation Infrastructure)
1. Office of the Deputy IV
2. Office of the Deputy IV Secretariat
3. Directorate of Scientific Collection Management
4. Directorate of Research Fleets Management
5. Directorate of Laboratories, Research Facilities, and Science and Technology Areas Management
6. Directorate of Nuclear Facilities Management
7. Directorate of Research and Innovation Infrastructure Strengthening and Partnership
8. Deputy V (Research and Innovation Facilitation)
1. Office of the Deputy V
2. Office of the Deputy V Secretariat
3. Directorate of Research and Innovation Licensing, Governance, and Scientific Authority
4. Directorate of Intellectual Property Management
5. Directorate of Repositories, Multimedia and Scientific Publishing Affairs
6. Directorate of Research and Innovation Funding
9. Deputy VI (Research and Innovation Utilization)
1. Office of the Deputy VI
2. Office of the Deputy VI Secretariat
3. Directorate of Technology Transfer and Audit System
4. Directorate of Utilization of Research and Innovation in Industries
5. Directorate of Utilization of Research and Innovation in Ministries/Institutions, Community, and Micro, Small,
and Medium Enterprises
6. Directorate of Research and Innovation Partnership
10. Deputy VII (Local/Regional Research and Innovation)
1. Office of the Deputy VII
2. Office of the Deputy VII Secretariat
3. Directorate of Local/Regional Research and Innovation Policies
4. Directorate of Local/Regional Research and Innovation Facilitation and Monitoring
5. Directorate of Local/Regional Research and Innovation Dissemination and Utilization
11. Office of General Inspectorate
1. Office of Main Inspectorate
2. Bureau of General Affairs and Reporting
3. Inspectorate I (Internal Supervision of Main Secretariat, Research Organizations, and Centers)
4. Inspectorate II (Internal Supervision of Deputy I, II, III, and VII)
5. Inspectorate III (Internal Supervision of Deputy IV, V, and VI)
12. Research Organizations (as disclosed in 30 November 2021)
1. Nuclear Power Research Organization
2. Aeronautics and Space Research Organization
3. Assessment and Application of Technology Research Organization
4. Life Sciences Research Organization
5. Earth Sciences Research Organization
6. Engineering Science Research Organization
7. Social Sciences and Humanities Research Organization
8. Marine and Fisheries Research Organization
9. Archeology Research Organization
10. Metrology Research Organization
11. Religious Sciences and Religious Beliefs Research Organization
12. Language and Letters Research Organization
13. Environment and Forestry Research Organization
14. Government Administration and Public Welfare Research Organization
15. Health and Nutrition Research Organization
16. Food and Agriculture Research Organization
13. Centers
1. Center of Data, Technology, and Information (attached to Main Secretariat)
2. Center of Technology Services (attached to Main Secretariat)
3. Indonesian Nuclear Technology Polytechnic
Aside of these offices, Local and Regional BRIDA offices coordinated, synchronized, controlled, and monitored under Deputy VII.
The number of institutions also apparently will be much greatly expanded in the future, with target 48 state research units/agencies to
be liquidated and fused into BRIN. As per 1 September 2021, 5 already fused into BRIN (LIPI, BPPT, LAPAN, BATAN, and
remnants of the former Ministry of Research and Technology), and other 44 state research units/agencies will joined BRIN in
future.[89][90] On 6 September 2021, full structure of BRIN disclosed and it was revealed that 16 Research Organizations will be
placed under BRIN. The 16 Research Organizations are reorganized form of 48 state research units/agencies.[69] The number of
research organizations formed by BRIN still fluid and seems always changing, although it was said it will be "on range of dozens".[91]
It is revealed by the Chairman of BRIN Regulation No. 4/2021 granted the power to the Office of the Chairman of BRIN itself to form
Research Organizations as the chairman deems needed and its formation can be approved with approval of the Ministry of State
Apparatus Utilization and Bureaucratic Reform.[92]
Nearing December 2021 BRIN' position filling process, the structural fluidity over the structure of BRIN noticed again as an
upcoming draft of new document of BRIN revealed in 26 November 2021 in BRIN official Webinar. In the webinar, the number of
Research Organizations under BRIN projected to be 15 in the draft, with one future planned Research Organizations, Health Research
Organization, is no longer in the list for unknown reason, raising possibility if this future Research Organization absorbed into another
future Research Organizations.[93] However, on 30 November 2021, the number of Research Organizations back into 16 with some
renames, with Health Research Organization renamed into Health and Nutrition Research Organization and Agriculture and
Husbandry Research Organization renamed into Food and Agriculture Research Organization.[78][79]
Responses
BRIN formation is welcomed by many scientists,[6][7][94] and politicians.[95] It separation to become a fully independent agency
reporting directly to the president also praised.
However, there is some fears that BRIN might become a political tool which leading to a source of potential conflict of interest.
Largely, because BRIN existence is not separated from the role of Megawati and there is a rumor that Megawati wanted to be placed
in BRIN "Directorial Committee".[96] The rumor become true with the issue of Presidential Decree No. 33/2021, as establishment of
Steering Committee is realized and Megawati automatically become the Chairman of the office due to being an ex-officio office.[23]
To prevent BRIN become political tool, Indonesian Young Scientists Academy (Indonesian: Akademi Ilmuwan Muda Indonesia,
ALMI) issued three stances: (1) government must keeping science and technology as base for policy making and decision, (2)
instrumentation of science and technology and preventing BRIN, science and technology institute and research centers, and
universities to become state corporations which follows the governing regime's political will and capitalism market to ensure their
neutrality and independence, (3) ensuring the clear BRIN role as executor, not as the regulator to prevent overlapping role with
ministries, and clearing form of BRIN as either independent agency on his own, or combining the existing government research and
development agencies into BRIN umbrella.[97][98]
Criticisms
Potential of Conflict of Interest
While its existence was desired by Indonesia's scientific community, formation of BRIN was criticized due to being coordinated with
and sharing the same Steering Committee with BPIP. Critics are afraid that in doing so, BRIN becomes politicized and received
government intervention, threatening scientific freedom from political interest. This controversy arise largely because Megawati, a
member of the steering committee for BRIN, is also a political party leader.[99] An opposition party, Prosperous Justice Party also
lamented the decision, because the Steering Committee office did not have lawful basis, and was not mandated in Bill No. 11/2019.
The law basis actually came from a bill, Bill of Pancasila Ideology Direction, which supposedly become the law basis for BPIP to
grasp power to direct everything to the Pancasila, but the bill already dropped and died out.[100][101] The party also criticized the
fusion of older state scientific institutes like LIPI, LAPAN, BPPT, and BATAN, because not only erasing the historical Indonesia
scientific institutions and landmarks, the fusion also clashed with existing laws primarily Law No. 10/1997 (Nuclear Power) and Law
No. 21/2013 (Law of Space).[102][103] The Chairman, Laksana Tri Handoko, however, supported that the "Steering Committee -
Executive" system between BPIP and BRIN is necessary for building "responsible science-based policy making" to guide national
research programs following national interests and protecting from irresponsible researches which may potentially conflicted with
national ideology, interests, and wisdoms.[104] The ruling party, Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle, supported the decision,
largely due to Megawati contribution to Indonesian scientific community, and as the party claimed, one of people that advocating
larger scientific funding for Indonesia research agencies.[105] Yanuar Nugroho, political scientist and research advisor of Centre for
Innovation Policy and Governance think-tank based in Jakarta, commented that if the steering committee exist for organizational
purpose, it is not become problem as their job just steering the organization and its policies. However, if the steering committee exist to
control the direction of the growth and advancement of sciences, it may become the problem as it will be translated the attempt of the
government, whoever is ruling, to monopolize the sciences to establish righteousness based on government' point of view. Because
Indonesia now just have BRIN only, BRIN expected to be "right and righteous" first before fully operating.[106]
Criticism over Liquidation Strategy
Current BRIN status and its expansion by "eating" older existing research agencies also criticized. Azyumardi Azra, Indonesian Islam
scholar lamented the decision, because such invasive merging strategy used by the agency to build his own, and the merger process
itself expected to be happened in very short time. Such process is very risky and even if it is succeeded, the resulting organization
become so massive and very large.[107][108] The merger strategy used by BRIN also cost the National System of Sciences and
Technology lined out by the Law No. 11/2019 itself, which the law mandated the independence of each the scientific organizations
and co-operation, and synergy between the scientific organizations. If many scientific organizations all fused into BRIN, practically
BRIN will monopolize the research performed by the state.[109] Not only that, with the status just as research and development agency,
not a ministry as before, the bargaining power of BRIN also weak.[110] The issues resolved with the issuance of the new temporary
BRIN constituting document, Presidential Decree No. 78/2021.[63]
Criticism on BRIDA Formation
Not only the BRIN formation, formation of BRIDA offices across Indonesia also quite difficult. Largely because local and regional
research and development agency under local and regional government had been so long neglected, underpowered, underperformed,
lacking the resources and instruments, lacking proper and capable human resources, and mostly their researches limited only in local
and regional policy making and lack of innovation.[111]
Controversy over Balitbangtan Liquidation
During the hearing with Commission IV of People's Representative Council on 25 August 2021, Syahrul Yasin Limpo, Minister of
Agriculture expressed his concern about the future BRIN plan of liquidation of ministerial research agencies and turning the agency to
become part of BRIN.[112] The Ministry of Agriculture's Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (Indonesian:
Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, Balitbangtan) is one of ministerial research agencies targeted to be liquidated and
fused into BRIN. While the agency performances largely not known at large and publicly known as other research agencies,
Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development is a much larger research agencies with established networks of state
agriculture research institutes responsible with state agricultural research activities with more than 707.4 million hectares under their
responsibility, and possessed large manpower powering it even larger than all Indonesian Institute of Science manpower
totalled.[1][112] Endang S. Thohari, former Ministry of Agriculture scientist and one of founder of Balitbangtan who currently Gerindra
politician sitting in Commission IV also lamented the government decision to liquidate the agency she founded with Indonesian
agricultural scientists.[113] In the hearing, Limpo asked the support to the Commission IV to spare Balitbangtan from the liquidation, or
if even it liquidated only part of basic researches divisions that relinquished to BRIN, while specialized agricultural researches still
performed by Balitbangtan.[113] Earlier on 20 August 2021, Research Professor Communication Forum of Balitbangtan also voiced
the same concern. Tahlim Sudaryanto, Agriculture professor and Head of Research Professor Communication Forum of Balitbangtan
submitted the report compiled by the forum to the Ministry of State Apparatus Utilization and Bureaucratic Reform and Ministry of
State Secretariat. In the report, the forum performed analysis and concluded that it is very hard to fused such large Balitbangtan to
BRIN body in smooth without disturbance. The forum offered two options that possible: (1) soft integration, and (2) partial integration.
If soft integration chosen, BRIN will lack power to control Balitbangtan, as Balitbangtan still attached to the Ministry of Agriculture
but Balitbangtan programs and funding controlled and supervised by BRIN. While the option not advantaged to BRIN, the option is
strengthening BRIN and Balitbangtan in collaboration to succeeding National Plan of National Research Priorities of 2020 - 2024
period. If partial integration chose, part of Balitbangtan relinquished to BRIN, and what remained with Balitbangtan will reformed into
a non-research institution under Ministry of Agriculture with tasks assignments to be determined in the future. While this option
advantaging BRIN, the execution of the option must be not be rushed and pushed into fixed 31 December 2022 deadline as mandated
in the Circular No. B/295/M.SM.02.03/2021. The report also urged the government to change their deadline on liquidation if the
second option chosen.[38]
On 21 September 2021, Ministry of Agriculture set up plans to disband their own Balitbangtan despite previous ministry reluctance to
disband it and relinquished all the units from Balitbangtan to BRIN. As replacement of Balitbangtan, the ministry set up the
Agricultural Standardization and System Agency (Indonesian: Badan Standardisasi dan Sistem Pertanian, BSSP), a regulatory and
standardization agency. Along with Balitbangtan disbandment, part of the Ministry' Food Security Agency also relinquished to BRIN,
while other part expected to become an embryo of another agency, National Food Agency.[114][115]
Continuous Political Attacks from Prosperous Justice Party
BRIN existence unwelcomed by Indonesian Islamist groups. The Islamist groups, led by the current Islamist opposition party sitting in
the parliament, Prosperous Justice Party (PKS), continuously attacked BRIN existence, largely because the party dislike towards
Megawati figure and Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P). Numerous political attacks, self-claimed by the party as
"criticisms" had been launched by the party towards the new institution since the beginning of the separation of BRIN from the
Ministry of Research and technology. The party also played Islamic themed populist narration in attempt to delegitimize BRIN
existence and claimed that BRIN existence as "de-Habibie-nization project" and accused Joko Widodo administration to "remove
landmarks left by Habibie and other Islamic scholars and scientists in building Indonesia research ecosystem" and favoring "secular
model of scientific development" rather the "religious-based model of scientific development".[116][117][118] In the Indonesian political
history, Habibie was Islamic scholar and first president during Reformasi era and during his era Islamic puritanism and Islamic
conservatism was given the "living breath" and opportunities and relationship between Habibie and Indonesian Islamists and right-
wing activists was very well.[119][120][121] For his role, Habibie was set by the PKS party was set as the party's patron back in 2016
and for PKS Habibie is "scholar and democrat".[122][123][124]
List of BRIN Core Leadership
List of Steering Committee Members

Concurrent Political Took Left Years in
# # Image Member Position Cabinet
Post Party Office Office office
Onward
Indonesia
Chairwoman Indonesian Cabinet
Chairwoman of
Megawati of BPIP Democratic 5 May
1 1 BRIN Steering Incumbent 243 days
Soekarnoputri Steering Party of 2021
Committee
Committee Struggle
First Vice
Chairwoman of Minister of
Sri Mulyani Independent
BRIN Steering Finance
Committee[125]
1
2 2 September Incumbent 124 days
2021
Second Vice Minister of

Chairman of United
Suharso National
BRIN Steering Development
Monoarfa Development
Party
Committee[125] Planning
3 13 Incumbent 82 days
October
Sudhamek Member of 2021
Secretary of
Agung BPIP
3 BRIN Steering Independent
Waspodo Steering
Committee
Sunyoto Committee
None
Emil Salim Member Independent
(Independent)
Professor,
and Chemical
I Gede Engineer from
Member Independent
Wenten Bandung
Institute of
Technology
Bambang None
Member Independent
Kesowo (Independent)
Professor,
and Public
Health
Adi Utarini Member Researcher Independent
from Gadjah
Mada
University
Professor of
Marsudi Information
Wahyu Member System from Independent
Kisworo Perbanas
Institute
Tri Mumpuni Member Social Independent

entrepreneur,
philantrophist,
social
activist, and
micro-
hydropower
inventor
List of Chairmen
# Image Chairman Took Office Left Office Years in office Cabinet
1 Bambang Brodjonegoro 23 October 2019 28 April 2021 1 year, 187 days
Onward Indonesia Cabinet
2 Laksana Tri Handoko 28 April 2021 Incumbent 250 days
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Organizations Preceding see Preceding

Establishment as Indonesia' Sole National Research Agency

BRIN's Research and Development Consolidation Plans

Attempt to challenge BRIN status

Liquidation of State Research and Development Agencies into BRIN

Logo of BRIN (28 Logo of BRIN (from

On 24 September 2021, Chairman of BRIN Regulation No. 1/2021 fully published.[88]

The full structure of BRIN is as follows:

1. Office of BRIN Steering Committee

1. Bureau of Planning and Finance

Potential of Conflict of Interest

Criticism over Liquidation Strategy

Controversy over Balitbangtan Liquidation

Continuous Political Attacks from Prosperous Justice Party

List of BRIN Core Leadership

List of Steering Committee Members

Second Vice Minister of

Tri Mumpuni Member Social Independent

# Image Chairman Took Office Left Office Years in office Cabinet

1 Bambang Brodjonegoro 23 October 2019 28 April 2021 1 year, 187 days

Onward Indonesia Cabinet

2 Laksana Tri Handoko 28 April 2021 Incumbent 250 days

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Research_and_Innovation_Agency_(Indonesia)&oldid=1063503012"

This page was last edited on 3 January 2022, at 12:10 (UTC).

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