Concession/contrast clauses (page 168)

● Today we are going to talk about concession/contrast clauses.

● These type of connectors are used to link two sentences and to
express/show a contrasting point of view between them. You use these
adverb clauses to show that you understand an idea but it is less
important then the idea in the main clause.
● Connectors are followed by a specific word order.
● They are introduced by subordinating conjunctions like the ones that we
are going to see now.
● But, in contrast, however and yet (mas, no entanto e ainda):
❖ They are used before the subject and the verb;
❖ “However” usually starts a sentence and is followed by a comma;
❖ It's an old car, but/in contrast it's very reliable;
❖ Tom ran well, yet he lost;
❖ This is one possible solution to the problem. However, there are
others.
● Although, though and even though (apesar, embora):
❖ They are also used before the subject and the verb (conjuction +
subject + verb);
❖ “Though” can be used in the end of the sentences;
❖ “Even though” is stronger and more empathic;
❖ Although/though/even though he has plenty of money, he doesn´t
spend much;
❖ We were at school together. I haven´t seen her for years though.
● In spite of/despite (apesar de):
❖ They are used before the noun;
❖ Can come at the beggining or in the middle of the sentence;
❖ In spite of/ despite her beautiful voice, she never became a singer.
● In spite of/despite (apesar de):
❖ Followed by nouns, object pronouns or verbs in the gerund (-ing
form);
❖ In spite of/despite losing, we celebrated.
● While, whereas and on the other hand/on the one hand (enquanto e por
outro lado):
❖ They are used before the subject and the verb;
 ❖ “Whereas” is more formal than “while”;
❖ I like traveling by plane, while/whereas my husband doesn't;
❖ Publicity helps sell products. On the other hand/on the one hand,
it creates illusions and false expectations.
● Sometimes we use words like “still” or “nevertheless” in the main clause
to add emphasis to the contrast.

Book exercises (page 169)

3. a) Despite coming to the end of the road, I still can’t let you go.

b) I know you really love me. However, you just don’t realise you’ve never
been there before.

c) Baby I knew about that yet I just didn’t care.

4. a) In spite of needing the product, she didn’t buy it. (need)

b) He went on working although he felt really ill with the flu. (feel)

c) I ate lunch despite not being hungry. (be)

d) Although he phoned me, I still forgot. (comma)

e) While I don’t like going shopping, my wife does. (doesn’t)

f) He never studied publicity. However, he knows a good ad when he sees

one. (period and comma)

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