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Blanket for Offset Printing

Cartonboard for offset
offset printing inks – Like

7
printing
Offset lithography
basic
Offset printing inks are compounded especially for use on offset presses. They
Offset printing inks
must be able to withstand reaction with the press fountain solution it encounters
Offset printing plates
on the dampened offset plate. Ideally, the ink on the ink roller should not absorb
On-Press troubleshooting water (water-in-ink emulsification), nor should the ink break down and combine
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Press chemistry with the fountain solution on the non-printing areas of the plate (ink-in-water Colours
Rollers in Offset Printing emulsification). Either of these emulsification problems will tend to impair the Manufacturer
Machines body, color, or drying qualities of the ink, or cause tinting on the non-printing of Organic
areas of the plate and printed sheets. Pigments for
R E CO M E N DE D LI N KS Coatings,
The offset printing inks used on an offset printing Plastics & Inks
Bobst
press must be able to carry the full-intended color
Duran machinery
and covering power to the paper despite the split-film
Heidelberg action. This occurs because the offset blanket picks up R E CE N T PO ST S
KBA only a portion of the ink from the plate and delivers
Printing Deals Colors – RGB and
only a portion of that to the paper. The film of ink
CMYK
reaching the plate, then, is very thin, and the ink
Nanography New
must be able to show its full color and opacity with
Page For Effective
this film. Pin It
And Profitable
offset printing inks
composition of offset printing ink Printing?

Ink is made of three main ingredients: Pigment, Use Of Graphics

which is the coloring material in the ink; Vehicle, which is the liquid that holds Standards In The
Packaging Industry
the particles of pigment; and Modifiers, which control the drying of the ink as
well as other factors such as smell, scuff resistance, and fading. Three Ninja Tips for
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PIGMENT: There are two basic types of pigment used in offset printing inks. with Your
Organic pigment, which is made from carbon, is used for Pick-and-Pack
making black ink. Inorganic pigments, which are made by Fulfillment Process

mixing various chemicals together, are used for colored Time-Saving

inks. For example, sulfur, silica, or china clay can be Methods You Can
Use to Decrease
Pin It combined with either soda ash or sulfate salts to make
Order Fulfillment
pigments ultramarine blue ink.
Hours at Your
VEHICLE: Vehicle is the liquid that holds the particles of Ecommerce Store

pigment and carries them to the paper. There are two kinds of vehicles used in A Short History of
offset inks: oils such as soya oil or linseed oil (which is a yellowish oil made Printing

from flax); and synthetic vehicles, which are liquids resulting from the The Importance of
mixture of chemicals. For example, phenol and formaldehyde mixed together Data Breach
Prevention
make phenolic resins, sometimes used in printing inks as a vehicle.
MODIFIERS: Modifiers are ingredients added to the ink to control drying Xeikon machines

and other qualities such as smell and resistance to fading. Reasons For
Investing In
Visual Properties Automation
Bobst ExpertCut – a
Visual properties of inks are a function of the colorant or pigment, in relation to
revolutionary
the vehicle system used. They include color, transparency or opacity, and development
gloss. By far, the most widely used ink color is black. Then come cyan, magenta
and yellow which are used in process printing to create the millions of colors so O U R PAR TN E R S
familiar to us in printed matter. While the physics of color is a highly
sophisticated science, in simplest terms color comes from reflected light. White Free Logo Design

light contains the entire rainbow of colors. When that light passes through a filter
or is separated by a prism or raindrop we see the individual colors in the light
spectrum. An ink film acts as a filter on the light reflected from the printed
surface, e.g., a red ink film allows the red segment of the reflected spectrum to
pass through while blocking the rest of the colors. Because printed surfaces vary in
color and in reflectance, they, too, will affect the reflected color. Thus, various ink
colors printed individually or “trapped” one on top of the other create different
filter effects resulting in different visible colors. Similarly, these same ink colors
printed on different substrates will result in visible colors that are different yet.

When we refer to ink color, we are most often

speaking of hue or shade—whether the ink is
red or blue or green or purple. Secondarily, we
might describe its strength or saturation, also
termed chroma. Thirdly, we might indicate
how light or dark it is—a reference to its purity
or value. The amount of pigment used affects
an ink’s color strength, and the type of vehicle
used can affect both the hue and the value of
the ink color. The color of the vehicle itself, its
ability to wet the pigment articles, and even
the chemical interaction between the vehicle
and pigment can affect the shade or purity.
Pin It Finally the color of the substrate, and its
offset inks on press
drying/absorption properties affect the printed
color results.

Ink opacity- ability to hide the color beneath it. Sometimes, an ink with little
opacity is needed, such as when overlapping two colors to create a third color.
Other times, very opaque ink is needed to completely cover any color under it. The
opacity must be suited in the use of the ink. Opacity is tested by spreading a
sample of ink with an ink knife over a wide black line printed on a sheet of paper.
The amount of covering is then compared to a standard to determine if the opacity
is correct.

Ink transparency- refers to the opposite of opaque. A transparent ink does not
hide the color beneath it, but mixes with it to create a third color. All inks used to
print full color work must be transparent. The choice of colorant and the degree to
which it is dispersed through the vehicle are the most important factors in
determining the transparency or opacity of an ink.

Gloss – refers to an ink’s own ability to reflect light, and depends upon the lay or
smoothness of the ink film on the substrate surface. Generally, the higher the
ratio of vehicle to colorant, the smoother the lay, and the higher the gloss.
Application of a thicker ink film tends to improve gloss while penetration into the
substrate tends to reduce.

Runnability Properties

Runnability is a term unique to printing. It applies to the trouble-free interaction

between the ink and the press, the paper and the press, and finally, the ink and
paper. Body, temperature stability, length, tack, adhesion and drying all
contribute to the runnability of an ink and are primarily a function of the vehicle
system used in the ink.

Body – refers to the consistency, stiffness or softness of an ink. Viscosity is a

related term that refers to the flow characteristics of soft or fluid inks. Ink body
and viscosity requirements vary widely by printing process. In general, letterpress
and offset lithographic inks are fairly thick or “viscous” (much like paste or
honey). On press, they move through a series of rollers called the ink train where
the action of the rollers spreads the ink into a thin film for transfer to the blanket
and/or plate and onto the substrate.

Temperature stability – in an ink is important in allowing it to withstand the

heat generated by the friction that occurs as the ink moves through the rotating
rollers and cylinders. If an ink vehicle is not sufficiently stable, the increased
temperature can have a deleterious effect on an ink’s body and therefore on its
runnability.

Length - describes an ink’s tendency to form long threads when stretched or

pulled. Long inks flow well but form long filaments that have a tendency to sling
or mist, especially on high-speed presses. Short inks have the consistency of
butter and flow poorly. They tend to build up on rollers, plates or blankets. Inks
with the best runnability are neither excessively long nor short.

Tack – refers to the stickiness of the ink, and it must be correct so that the ink
will stick to the rollers of the press and not fly off, but still transfer from roller to
roller, from roller to plate, from plate to blanket, and from blanket to paper.

Drying - properties of an ink are critical for a number of reasons. The most
obvious is that a printed piece cannot be handled or used until the ink has
developed film integrity. In addition, however, the way an ink dries can reduce air
pollution, improve energy efficiency, and even improve productivity in the
pressroom by allowing faster printing and converting. In most cases, the first
phase of ink drying is setting; immediately upon being applied to the stock, the
liquid portion of the ink begins to evaporate into the air or to penetrate the stock,
causing the ink to thicken. Setting is followed by actual drying via one or more
possible mechanisms: absorption, oxidation, evaporation, or polymerization. The
specific mechanism is determined by the relationship between the printing
process itself, the ink vehicle system, and the substrate. Inks that are applied to
an absorbent substrate such as newsprint or corrugated board dry by absorption.
The liquid portion of the ink penetrates the substrate, leaving an ink film on the
surface. Depending upon the printing process, this ink film may undergo
additional drying procedures.In oxidation, components in the ink’s oils chemically
combine with oxygen in the atmosphere to form a semisolid or solid ink film. It
often occurs in combination with absorption. Oxidation can be accelerated by the
use of driers in the ink formulation or by the application of heat or infrared
radiation to the printed piece. Since non-porous substrates such as plastic films
and glass cannot absorb ink vehicles, they require inks that dry either through
evaporation or by polymerization (e.g., radiation curing). In the former, vehicle
solvents evaporate, leaving resins and other materials behind to bind the
pigments to the substrate. Evaporation from the inks must be rapid enough for
complete drying, but not so rapid as to cause instability while the inks are still
running on press. In radiation curing, all of the components in the ink remain on
the surface of the substrate, but are polymerized into a hard film by the use of
ultra-violet light or electron beam energy to trigger a chemical reaction.
UV-curable inks require the presence of a photo-initiator, while EB-curable
formulations do not.

COLOR MATCHING

One of the most important qualities of offset printing inks is its color. If the
customer orders black ink, there are few problems because black is essentially
black. However, if the customer orders yellow-green, it is hard to know exactly
what color yellow green she has in mind. To help solve the problem of mixing the
exact color the customer wants, the ink manufacturing industry has developed a
system of color classification know as the PANTONE MATCHING SYSTEM.

PANTONE MATCHING SYSTEM: The

PANTONE MATCHING SYSTEM (PMS), consist
of swatch books that contain samples of
hundreds of different colors, each identified with
a code number and the formulation for each
color. In other words, the book tells exactly how
much yellow and how much blue are required to Pin It
make the specific color of yellowgreen ink the Pantone Bridge Book

customer chose from the book. Printers can

obtain these books so they can order the exact color the customer wants.The
printer may also use this book to mix ink colors in the plant. The PANTONE
MATCHING SYSTEM relys on ten basic colors (PMS black, PMS white, PMS
rubine red, PMS rhodamine red, PMS warm red, PMS reflex blue, PMS process
blue, PMS green,PMS purple and PMS yellow) which can be kept on hand and
mixed using the roportions indicated in the PANTONE book to make the exact
color desired. Beside quantities of the basic colors listed above, the printer must
also have an accurate scale to measure the quantities of ink required for the color,
ink mixing knives, clean-up solvent, and rags. To mix the inks, the exact amount
of each required PMS basic color is measured out on the scale (use only
PANTONE colors for acceptable results). Then the basic colors are mixed together
with the ink knives. The ink is then tested for correct color and, if it is correct, it is
placed in cans for use later or put directly into the press fountain. Finally, the
mess from mixing is cleaned up with solvent and rags.

INK TERMINOLOGY

VISCOSITY: is the resistance to flow. If ink flows or pours readily, it has a low
viscosity. If it refuses to pour at all, it has a high viscosity.Offset inks usually have
a relatively high viscosity.

LENGTH: Ink may be “long” or “short.” Test it by tapping a puddle of ink with a
corner of an ink knife and lift the knife up. The ink will follow the knife and
stretch into a string. The farther it stretches without breaking,the longer the ink.
Offset inks are generally long.

TRANSPARENCY: refers to the opposite of opaque. A transparent ink does not

hide the color beneath it, but mixes with it to create a third color. All inks used to
print full color work must be transparent.

PERMANENT: Permanent inks maintain their color and do not fade even
though exposed to sunlight for long periods. They are especially suited to signs
and posters. Permanent inks are also called “fast” inks.

FUGITIVE: A fugitive ink is one that tends to lose its color and fade when
exposed to long periods of sunlight.

RESISTANT: Resistant inks are made to withstand the action of gases,

chemicals, heat, moisture, or scuffing.
 LAKES: Lakes are body colors—not particularly strong or bright.

TONERS: Toners are strong colors—highly concentrated.

JOB BLACK: Job black is an ordinary, inexpensive, black ink used for most jobs.

HALFTONE BLACK: Halftone black ink is made especially made for printing
the small dots in halftones.

METALLIC INKS:

Metallic inks are made with metal powders. Bronze

powder in an ink makes “gold.” Aluminum powder
makes “silver” ink.
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PROCESS INK COLORS: Process inks used to print Offset inks - Metallic inks
full color work are: Process Yellow; Process Magenta
(red); Process Cyan (blue); and Process Black.

Here you can find more information about Print Color Strips

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