Ncert Learning Program: Mcqs & Explanations-Geography

NCERT Learning Program
MCQs & Explanations- Geography

Class 6th – The Earth: Our Habitat
Unique Features:
 MCQs based on the relevant concepts from
every chapter.
 Previous years’ questions on specific topics, if
any.
 Quality questions and their detailed
explanations.
 Targeted for Outcome Based Learning.
(Note: Please read the NCERT summaries before attempting the MCQs)
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being asked in UPSC Prelims and Mains exam on a regular basis. Furthermore,
fundamental concepts from NCERTs help students to solve questions in the exam with
better understanding and clarity.
Students, reading NCERT or any other source is incomplete until you assess yourself
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Our MCQs and their explanations have been prepared meticulously so that these
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Index
Chapter No. Chapter Name Page No.
1 The Earth in the Solar System 1-2
2 Globe : Latitudes and Longitudes 3-4
3 Motions of the Earth 5-6

5 Major Domains of the Earth 7-8
6 Major Landforms of the Earth 9-11
7 Our Country - India 12-13
8 India : Climate, Vegetation and Wildlife 14-15
Note: MCQs of Chapter-4 (Maps) has not been incorporated as this chapter is not
relevant from UPSC point of view.

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CHAPTER 1 – THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM
Q1. Consider the following statement about planets:
1. Saturn is the only planet having ring around it.
2. Mars is called as Earth’s twin because of its habitable conditions.
Which of the above statements are correct?

a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both the statements
d) None of them
Q2. Consider the following:
A).Asteroid – Orbits around sun

B).Meteor – known as Shooting Stars
C).Meteorite – lies outside earth’s atmosphere
Which of the above are correctly matched?

1. A & C only
2. A Only
3. A & B only
4. All of the above are correctly matched.
Q3. Consider the following statements about Moon:
1. Moon is the natural satellite of Earth, 1/6th of its size

2. New Moon is the phase of moon when moon is fully lit.
Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
d) None of them
Answers & Explanations

Q1. Answer: (d)
Explanation:
Statement 1 is incorrect: Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus have ring around them. These are belts
of small debris.
Statement 2 is incorrect: Venus is called Earth’s twin because its shape and size are very
much similar to that of earth.
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Q2. Answer: (3)
Explanation:
A) Asteroids- These are tiny rocky bodies, found between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter,
they orbit around the Sun
B) Meteor-When meteoroids collide with a planet's atmosphere, they become meteors. They
burn up on touching the surface of planet hence called as SHOOTING STARS
C) Meteorite-If a meteor doesn’t fully burn up then the piece of rock landing on earth’s
surface is called Meteorite, thus it doesn’t lie outside earth’s atmosphere.
Q3. Answer: (c)

Explanation:
Statement 1 is incorrect: Moon is natural satellite of earth but it is 1/4th of the size of the
earth.
Statement 2 is incorrect: Phases of Moon:
 Full moon/ Poornima: when the moon is complete full.

 New moon/ Amavasya: when moon is completely dark.

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CHAPTER 2 – GLOBE: LATITUDES AND LONGITUDES
Q1. Consider the following statements regarding latitudes and longitudes:
1. Longitudes are angular distance of a place from the equator.

2. Latitudes are angular distance of a place from the prime meridian.
Choose the incorrect statement(s):

a) Only 1
b) Only 2
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None of the above
Q2. Consider the following statements regarding the Standard Time Zones:
a) Every country calculates its Standard meridian as the angular distance from the Greenwich
meridian.
b) Every country has only one Standard Meridian Time
c) Indian Standard time is 5.5 hours ahead of Greenwich Meridian Time.
d) Both (a) and(c)
Q3. Consider the statements regarding equator of the Earth:
1. Equator is the largest latitude of earth dividing the earth in two equal halves.
2. The equator is the only line of latitude which is also a great circle.
Choose the correct statements:
a) Only 1
b) Only 2
c) Both 1 and 2

Q1. Answer: (c)
Explanation:
 Latitude of a place is measured as the angular distance of the place from the equator. All
latitudes also called as parallels are concentric circles.
 Equator is the largest latitude of earth dividing the earth in two equal halves.
 Longitude of a place is measured as the angular distance of the place from the prime
meridian
 Longitudes also known as meridians play a significant role in measuring the time zone of an
area.
 0 degree longitude is Greenwich in UK and 180 degree is the International Date Line.

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Q2. Answer: (d)
Explanation:
 The number of time zones a country practices mostly depends on the size of the country .For
example, it’s impossible for a country as huge as Russia with the area of 17.1 million km² to
process on only one time zone –this might create a problem of day-night difference within the
same country.
 So Russia has 11 time zones and USA has 6 time zones. However there are certain exceptions
like China which works on only one time zone despite its size.
 Indian Standard Time is calculated on the basis of 82.58° E longitude and it is uniform all
around the country
Q3. Answer: (c)

Explanation:
 Latitude of a place is measured as the angular distance of the place from the equator. All
latitudes also called as parallels are concentric circles.
 So, Equator is the largest latitude of earth. The equator is the only line of latitude which is
also a great circle — that is, one whose plane passes through the centre of the globe. The
plane of Earth's equator when projected outwards to the celestial sphere defines the celestial
equator.

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CHAPTER 3 – MOTIONS OF THE EARTH
Q1. With reference to earth movement consider the following statements:
1. Earth rotation on its axis from west to east causes seasons and the year.
2. Earth revolution round the sun causes day and night.
Select the correct answer from the following codes:
a) Only 1
b) Only 2
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Q2. Variations in the length of daytime and night time from season to season are due to
a) The earth’s rotation on its axis
b) The earth’s revolution round the sun in an elliptical manner
c) Latitudinal position of the place
d) Revolution of the earth on a tilted axis
Q3. Consider the statements regarding solstice and equinox:
1. Summer Solstice longest day and shortest night of the year in the Southern Hemisphere.
2. The vernal or spring equinox occurs in the northern hemisphere on March 21.

a) Only 1
b) Only 2
c) Both 1 and 2
Q1. Answer: (d)

Explanation:
The earth moves in space in two distinct ways:
 It rotates on its own axis from west to east once in every 24 hours, causing day and
night.
 It also revolves round the sun in an orbit once in every 365 ¼ days causing seasons and
year.

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Q2. Answer: (d)
Explanation:
Variations in the length of daytime and night time from season to season are due to revolution of
the earth on its tilted axis.
Rotation of Earth causes day and night and Revolution of earth on tilted axis causes the
variation in the upcoming sunlight from the sun thus variation in span of day and night at places
on the earth .
Q3. Answer: (b)

Explanation:
Statement 1 is incorrect & 2 is correct
 Summer Solstice-2 June. The nights are longer than the days. The rays of the sun fall
directly on the Tropic of Cancer. As a result, these areas receive more heat. The areas near the
poles receive less heat as the rays of the sun are slanting. Northern Hemisphere is getting
light from the sun; it is summer in the regions north of the equator. Thus it is longest day
and shortest night of the year in the Northern Hemisphere
 Spring/Vernal equinox- March 21-During this time direct rays of the sun fall on the
equator. At this position, neither of the poles is tilted towards the sun; so, the whole earth
experiences equal days and equal nights.
Autumnal equinox occurs on September 23.

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CHAPTER 5 – MAJOR DOMAINS OF THE EARTH
Q1. Consider the following pairs:
1. Ural – North America

2. Andes – Europe
3. Mariana Trench– Atlantic Ocean
Which of the above are correctly matched?
a) 1 & 2 only
b) 1 only
c) 1 & 3 only
d) All of the above are incorrectly matched.
Q2. Consider the following statement about Hydrosphere:
1. 80% of earth’s water is in Ocean.

2. Waves and Tides are the two main ocean water movements.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
d) None of them
Q.3. Consider the following statements about Pacific Ocean:

1. Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean. It is spread over one-third of the earth.
2. It is ‘S’ shaped.
Which of the above is incorrect?

a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) 1 and 2 both
Q4.Consider the following statements:

1. Isthmus is a narrow passage of water connecting two seas or two other large areas of water.
2. Strait is a narrow strip of land with sea on either side, forming a link between two larger
areas of land.
3. The continent of North America is linked to South America by an Isthmus.
Which of the above is correct?

a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 3 only
d) All of the above

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Q1. Answer: (d)
Explanation:
1. Asia is separated from Europe by the Ural Mountains. The combined landmass of Europe
and Asia is called the Eurasia (Europe+Asia).
2. South America lies mostly in the Southern Hemisphere. The Andes, world’s longest
mountain range, runs through its length from north to south. South America also has the
world’s largest river, the Amazon.
3. The highest mountain (highest point on lithosphere) peak Mt. Everest is 8,848 metres above
the sea level. The greatest depth (deepest point on lithosphere) of 11,022 metres is recorded
at Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean.
Q2. Answer: (b)

Explanation:
Statement 1 is incorrect: More than 97% of the Earth’s water is found in the oceans and is too
salty for human use.
Statement 2 is correct: The ocean waters are always moving. The three chief movements of
ocean waters are the waves, the tides and the ocean currents.
Q3. Answer: (b)

Explanation:
Pacific Ocean-The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean. It is spread over one-third of the earth.
Mariana Trench, the deepest part of the earth, lies in the Pacific Ocean. The Pacific Ocean is
almost circular in shape.
Atlantic Ocean-It is the second largest Ocean in the world. It is ‘S’ shaped. It is flanked by the
North and South Americas on the western side, and Europe and Africa on the eastern side. The
coastline of Atlantic Ocean is highly indented. This irregular and indented coastline provides
ideal location for natural harbours and ports. From the point of view of commerce, it is the
busiest Ocean.
Q4. Answer: (c)

Explanation:
Isthmus is a narrow strip of land with sea on either side, forming a link between two larger areas
of land. The continent of North America is linked to South America by an Isthmus.
Strait- is a narrow passage of water connecting two seas or two other large areas of water.

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CHAPTER 6 – MAJOR LANDFORMS OF THE EARTH
Q1. The wearing away of the earth’s surface is called:
A) mountains
B) plateau
C) erosion
D) deposition
Q2. Consider the following statements:
1. The internal process of landform formation refers to continuous wearing down-erosion

(lowering of surface).
2. Internal and external landform formation processes are carried out by running water, ice and
wind.
Choose the correct statement:
A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) Both the statements are correct
D) None of the statements are correct
Q3. Match the following:

Mountains Particulars
1 Appalachian A Young fold mountain
2 Mt. Kilimanjaro B Block mountain
3 Alps C Volcanic mountain
Choose the correct option from below:
A) All are correctly matched.

B) 1 & 3 are correctly matched.
C) Only 1 is correctly matched.
D) None of them are correctly matched.
Q4. Consider the following statements about plateau:
1. A plateau is an elevated flat-topped land.

2. These are denuded old landforms.
3. East African Plateau is the highest plateau in the world.
Choose the correct option:
A) 1 Only
B) 1 & 2 Only
C) 2 & 3 Only
D) 1 & 3 Only

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Q5. Consider the following statements about Plains:
1. Plains are formed by deposition made by rivers only.

2. Plains are rich in agricultural and mineral resources.
3. These are generally 100 meters above the mean sea level.
Which of the above is/are correct?
A) 1,2 & 3
B) 3 only
C) 1 only
D) 1 & 2 only

Q1. Answer: (C)
Explanation:
 Mountains, Plateaus and Plains are landforms formed by various internal and external
processes of erosion and deposition.
 Erosion is wearing away of the earth surface (lowering of elevation) & Deposition is
rebuilding of surface (increase in elevation) by the action of running water, ice & wind.
Q2. Answer: (B)

Explanation:
• Statement 1 is incorrect: Internal process of land formation is the upliftment and sinking of
the earth's surface at several places.
• External land forming processes are continuous wearing down-erosion (lowering of surface).
• Statement 2 is correct: Internal and external landform forming processes are carried out by
running water, ice and wind.
Q3. Answer: (D)

Explanation:
1. Fold Mountains-
 Young Fold Mountains – The Himalayas, The Alps(Europe)
 Old Fold Mountains --The Aravali (India), The Appalachians(North America),
the Ural (Russia)
2. Block Mountains-The Rhine valley and the Vosges Mountain in Europe
3. Volcanic Mountains-Mt. Kilimanjaro (Africa),Mt. Fujiyama (Japan)

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Q4. Answer: (A)
Explanation:
 Statement 1 is correct: A plateau is an elevated flat land. It is a flat-topped table land
standing above the surrounding area.
 Statement 2 is incorrect: Plateaus, like mountains may be young or old. These are not old
denuded landforms only.
 Statement 3 is incorrect: Tibetan Plateau is highest in the world (4000 to 6000 meters.)
Q5. Answer: (B)

Explanation:
Characteristics of Plains
 These are large stretches of flat land, generally, not more than 200 metres above mean sea
level.
 Some plains are extremely level. Others may be slightly rolling and undulating.
 How these are formed--Most of the plains are formed by rivers and their tributaries.(and
not only by deposition of rivers) .
 The rivers flow down the slopes of mountains and erode them. They carry forward the eroded
material. Then they deposit their load consisting of stones, sand and silt along their courses
and in their valleys. It is from these deposits that plains are formed. Similarly, a coastal plain
is formed; these are flat, low-lying land adjacent to a sea coast.
 Thus plains are fertile lands fit for agriculture, these are not rich in mineral deposits as soil
is renewed (deposited and eroded) frequently by rivers.
Hence option B) is correct.

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CHAPTER 7: OUR COUNTRY- INDIA
1. Himalayas are divided into 3 parallel ranges.

2. The southernmost range is called as Himanchal.
Choose the correct statement:
A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) Both 1 and 2
D) Neither 1 nor 2
1. The Western Coastal Plains are wider in comparison to eastern coastal plains as large rivers
deposits and forms delta in the later.
2. Sunderban Delta is formed by river Ganga only.
Choose the incorrect statement:
A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) Both 1 and 2
D) Neither 1 nor 2
Q.3. Where do the rivers Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri drain?
A) Western Ghats
B) Lakshadweep
C) Bay of Bengal
D) None of these
Q4. Consider the following statements about administrative division of India:
1. India has 29 states.

2. There are 9 union territories in India.
Which of the above is/are correct?
A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) None
D) Both 1 & 2

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Q1. Answer: (A)
Explanation:
Divided into three main parallel ranges:
 Mountains, Great Himalayas or Himadri- World’s highest peaks are located here. E.g. Mt.
Everest (8848 mts.)
 Middle Himalayas or Himanchal-Popular hill Stations are located here.
 Shiwalik- Southernmost range.
Q2. Answer: (C)

Explanation:
 Statement 1 is incorrect: The Western Coastal Plains are very narrow in comparison to
eastern coastal plains as large rivers deposits and forms delta in the later. (E.g. Mahanadi,
Godavari, Krishna, Cauvery)
 Statement 2 is incorrect: Sunderban Delta is formed where Ganga and Brahmaputra flow
in to the Bay of Bengal
Q3. Answer: (C)

Explanation:
 Major rivers draining in Bay of Bengal- Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri.
 Major rivers draining in Arabian Sea- Narmada, Tapi.
Q4. Answer: (C)

Explanation:
As of August 2021
 India has 28 states (29 states earlier but recently J&K has been made a Union Territory)
 As of now India has 8 Union Territories namely-
1. Andaman & Nicobar
2. Chandigarh
3. Delhi
4. Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu
5. Ladakh
6. Lakshadweep
7. Puducherry
8. Jammu & Kashmir
Hence option C) is correct.

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CHAPTER 8 – INDIA: CLIMATE, VEGETATION & WILDLIFE
Q1. Consider the following statements about weather and climate:
1. Weather in India is highly variable across different areas.

2. Climate in India is highly variable across different regions.

a) Only 1
b) Only 2
c) Both 1 and 2
Q2. Asiatic Lion is found in which of the following protected areas?

a) Kunchenjunga National Park
b) Gir National Park
c) Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary
d) Nagarhole National Park
Q3. Which among the following is/are the correct statement(s)?

1. Most of India receives rainfall due to SW monsoon.
2. NE monsoon soaks moisture from Bay of Bengal area and hits Tamil Nadu coast in summers.
3. SW monsoon soaks the moisture from Bay of Bengal and hits North East India
Choose from the following given code:

a) 1 and 2 only
b) 1 and 3 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1,2 and 3 only
Q1. Answer: (c)

Explanation:
Statement 1 is correct: Day to day changes in atmosphere (temperature, rainfall, sunshine- Short
term variations)
Statement 2 is correct: These are average weather conditions. It is affected by location, altitude,
distance etc. from sea & relief of a place. India's climate broadly described as MONSOON
TYPE. Though, it also shows spatial variations.

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Q2. Answer: (b)
Explanation:
Gir forest in Gujarat is the home of Asiatic lions.
Q3. Answer: (b)

Explanation:
Statement 1 and 3 are correct: Because SW is the dominant monsoon and arrives from SW
direction and gets divided into two branches- the Arabian Sea branch and the Bay of Bengal
branch. The Arabian Sea branch hits the West Coast and the Bay of Bengal branch hits the North
Eastern India.
Statement 2 is incorrect: The NE monsoon is the retreating monsoon which soaks the moisture
from Bay of Bengal and sheds it on the east coast of India in States like Tamil Nadu and Andhra
Pradesh during winters. Hence, the statement 2 is wrong.

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Complement your Preparation with:
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relevant NCERTs from basic to higher classes
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 Academic Doubt Solving
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Approach, Time Management, Optional Selection etc.
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NCERT Learning Program

MCQs & Explanations- Geography

www.dashovidya.in, email: dashovidya.upsc@gmail.com; Telegram: https://t.me/DashoVidyaIAS

A warm welcome to you from team DashoVidya!!!

NCERTs are an important source to provide fundamental understanding of the core

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2 Globe : Latitudes and Longitudes 3-4

3 Motions of the Earth 5-6

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Which of the above statements are correct?

Q2. Consider the following:

A).Asteroid – Orbits around sun

Which of the above are correctly matched?

Q3. Consider the following statements about Moon:

1. Moon is the natural satellite of Earth, 1/6th of its size

Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?

Answers & Explanations

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Q3. Answer: (c)

Statement 2 is incorrect: Phases of Moon:

 Full moon/ Poornima: when the moon is complete full.

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Q1. Consider the following statements regarding latitudes and longitudes:

1. Longitudes are angular distance of a place from the equator.

Choose the incorrect statement(s):

Answers & Explanations

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Q3. Answer: (c)

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Select the correct answer from the following codes:

Choose the correct statements:

Answers & Explanations

Q1. Answer: (d)

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Q3. Answer: (b)

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Q1. Consider the following pairs:

1. Ural – North America

Which of the above are correctly matched?

Q2. Consider the following statement about Hydrosphere:

1. 80% of earth’s water is in Ocean.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Q.3. Consider the following statements about Pacific Ocean:

Which of the above is incorrect?

Q4.Consider the following statements:

Which of the above is correct?

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Q2. Answer: (b)

Q3. Answer: (b)

Q4. Answer: (c)

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Q2. Consider the following statements:

1. The internal process of landform formation refers to continuous wearing down-erosion

Choose the correct statement:

Q3. Match the following:

Choose the correct option from below:

A) All are correctly matched.

Q4. Consider the following statements about plateau:

1. A plateau is an elevated flat-topped land.

Choose the correct option:

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1. Plains are formed by deposition made by rivers only.

Which of the above is/are correct?