58

CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 CONCLUSION

The main objective of this project is to find optimum parameter of the grinding
process which the depth of cut. The second objective is to investigate the type of surface
roughness and wheel wear produced during grinding process and the third objective in
this project is to develop prediction model for surface roughness by using neural
network model. Regarding to the first objective, the experiment was conducted to find
optimum parameter of the grinding process which is gives the good surface roughness.
In this project, the optimum parameter in the grinding process was the lowest value of
the depth cut which is 5µm where gives the value 0.151µm and 0.167µm of the surface
roughness in the single-pass and multi-pass process using Al2O3 wheel. From the
experiment, the both single pass and multi pass shows that Al2O3 wheel gives the better
surface roughness compare to the SiC wheel. The SiC wheel gives the rougher surface
of Haynes 242 with the higher value of surface roughness in both process which are
0.35µm and 0.216µm for single and multi-pass process.

The second objective was achieved where the microstructure of the surface
roughness of Haynes 242 was observed by using 2D- metallurgical microscope. The
smooth surface roughness was obtained when the workpiece was grinds using Al2O3
wheel. The wheel wear produced too was analyzed by calculating the diameter before
and after the wheel used in the grinding process. The value of wheel wear that was
produced was increased with increasing the depth of cut. This means the depth of cut
was gave an effect towards the wheel wear that produced.
 59

The analysis was done with the experimental results where give the smallest r
which indicates the less error occur between the variables and have a strong positive
relationship especially when using the Aluminum Oxide wheel. Since there is a smallest
number of r in this project, the third objective was achieved by developing the
prediction model by using ANN analysis. The ANN analysis model obtained from
predicted value showed accurate and effective in predicting the coefficient of
determination, R2 in the range of 0.999619 which is give 1% of minimum error when
using the multi-pass process of Al2O3 wheel and gives 2% of maximum error where R2
obtained was 0.984287 when using the single-pass process of Al2O3. Thus, ANN model
can successfully be used for the prediction of surface roughness with a high degree of
accuracy.

5.2 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH

After all process done in completing the project, there have some
recommendation that can be done for the future research. One of the recommendations
is improve the material selection which is use the higher hardness of the material in the
grinding process. By using the material that consists of a high hardness in its
mechanical properties, it will give the high performance of the cutting action by the
wheel.

The other recommendation is increase the number of passes during grinding

process. By applying these recommendations, the fine surface finish will be obtains.
This can be seen in the whole experiments that contains of multi-pass processes. The
multi-pass processes gives a better surface roughness towards the workpiece and can be
said it is also influenced the fine surface finish.