SYLLABUS FOR STATUTORY CONSTRUCTION

TEXTBOOKS: Statutory Construction by Ruben Agpalo (latest Edition) or Canons

of Statutory Construction by Dennis B. Funa

COURSE DESCRIPTION:

A study of the different rules of statutory construction to prepare the student as he

or she attempts to discover and understand the meaning of the provisions of the
Constitution, various statutes, and the latter’s implementing rules. Before studying
the different rules of construction, this course will first equip the student with
sufficient knowledge about the process of lawmaking and the hierarchy and
classification of laws.

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Course Introduction
 Course overview Syllabus 16 Aug. to 21 Lecture
 Course assignments Aug. 2021
 Course requirements Discussion

MODULE 1:
LEGISLATIVE POWER
Syllabus Recitation
I. Legislative Power in General, Where
Lodged Textbooks Case Study

1. David v. Arroyo, G.R. No. 171396, May 3, Supreme Court Discussion

2006 Decisions
2. Sanidad v. COMELEC, G.R. No. L-44640,
October 12, 1976

II. Bicameralism
23 Aug. to 28
1. Liang v. People, G.R. No. 125865, 28 Aug. 2021
January 2000 Chavez v. Judicial and Bar
Council, G.R. No. 202242, April 16, 2013
2. Tolentino v. Secretary of Finance, 235
SCRA 630

III. Extent of and Limitations on Legislative

Power

1. In re: Cunanan, 94 Phil. 534

2. Ang Nars Party List v. Executive Secretary,
G.R. No. 215746, [October 8, 2019]
3. Belgica v. Ochoa, G.R. No. 208566,
November 19, 2013

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4. Abakada Guro Party-list v. Purisima, G.R.
No. 166715, August 14, 2008, 562 SCRA
251
5. Datu Michael Abas Kida v. Senate, G.R. No.
19671, October 18, 2011, 659 SCRA 270

MODULE 2:
STATUTES AND THEIR ENACTMENT

I. Title of Bills

1. Lidasan v. COMELEC, 21 SCRA 496

2. Giron v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 188179,
January 22, 2013

II. Formalities

1. Tolentino v. Secretary of Finance, 235

SCRA 630
2. PHILJA v. Prado, G.R. No. 105371,
November 11, 1993, 227 SCRA 203
Syllabus
III. Approval of Bills Recitation
Textbooks 30 Aug. to 11
1. Bolinao Electronics v. Valencia, G.R. No. L- Case Study
Sept. 2021
20740, June 30, 1964, 11 SCRA 486
Supreme Court
2. Abakada Guro Party-list v. Purisima, G.R. Discussion
Decisions
No. 166715, August 14, 2008, 562 SCRA
251

IV. Evidence of Enactment of Laws

a.) Enrolled Bill Theory

1. Mabanag v. Lopez Vito, L-1223, March 5,

1947, 78 Phil. 1 (1947)
2. Arroyo v. De Venecia, G.R. No. 127255,
August 14, 1997, 277 SCRA 268

b.) Journal Entry Rule

1. Astorga v. Villegas, G.R. No. 23475, April

30, 1974, 56 SCRA 714

Syllabus
MODULE 3: Recitation
CONSTITUTIONAL CONSTRUCTION
Textbooks 13 Sept. to
Case Study
18 Sept. 2021
I. Constitution, Definition and
Supreme Court
Characteristics Discussion
Decisions

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1. Manila Prince Hotel v. GSIS, G.R. No.
122156, February 3, 1997, 267 SCRA 408

II. General Principles of Construction

1. Gold Creek Mining Corp. v. Rodriguez, 66

Phil. 259 (1938)

III. Aids to construction

1. Civil Liberties Union v. Executive Secretary,

194 SCRA 317 (1991)
2. Luz Farms v. Secretary of the Department
of Agrarian Reform, 192 SCRA 51 (1990)
3. Tanada v. Cuenco, 103 Phil. 1051 (1957)
4. Galman v. Pamaran, 138 SCRA 294 (1985)

IV. Ordinary Sense v. Technical Sense

1. Ordillo v. Commission on Elections, 192

SCRA 100 (1992)
2. Krivenko v. Register of Deeds, 79 Phil. 461
(1947)

V. Self-Executing vs. Non-Self-

Executing

1. Manila Prince Hotel v. GSIS, G.R. No.

122156, 3 February 1997.
2. Pamatong v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 161872,
April 13, 2004

VI. Mandatory v. Directory

1. Tanada v. Cuenco, 103 Phil. 1051 (1957)

2. Gonzales v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 28196,
November 9, 1967

VII. Prospective v. Retroactive

1. Filoteo v. Sandiganbayan, 263 SCRA 222

(1996)
2. Co v. Electoral Tribunal, 199 SCRA 692
(1991)

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MODULE 4:
EFFECTIVITY OF STATUTES

I. When the Constitution Becomes

Effective

1. Alfredo M. de Leon v. Hon. Benjamin B.

Esguerra, G.R. No. 78059, August 31, 1987

II. When Statute Becomes Effective

1. Civil Code, Article 2

2. Administrative Code, Book I, Chapter 5,
Section 18
3. Administrative Code, Book I, Chapter 6,
Sections 24 – 25
4. Tanada v. Tuvera, G.R. No. 63915, 29
December 1986
5. Philippine Veterans Bank v. Vega, G.R. No.
105364, 28 June 2001

III. When Statute Becomes Effective

Syllabus
Recitation
20 Sept. to 2
1. Administrative Code, Book VII, Sections 2
Textbooks Oct. 2021
–9 Case Study
2. Tanada vs. Tuvera, G.R. No. L-63915 April
Supreme Court
24, 1985 Discussion
Decisions
3. Commissioner of Customs v. Hypermix
Feeds Corporation, G.R. No. 179579, 1
February 2012
4. Commissioner of Internal Revenue v.
Michel J. Lhuillier Pawnshop, Inc., G.R.
No. 150947, 15 July 2003

IV. When Local Ordinance Takes Effect

1. Local Government Code, Sections 54 – 59

2. Municipality of Paranaque v. V.M. Realty
Corporation, G.R. No. 127820, 20 July
1998
3. Bagatsing v. Ramirez, G.R. No. 41631, 17
December 1976

V. Manner of Computing Time

1. Civil Code, Article 13

2. Administrative Code, Book I, Chapter 8,
Section 31
3. Administrative Code, Book I, Chapter 7,
Section 28

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4. National Marketing Corp. v. Tecson, G.R.
No. 29131, 27 August 1969
5. Commissioner of Internal Revenue v.
Primetown Property Group, Inc., G.R. No.
162155, August 28, 2007
6. PNB v. Court of Appeals, 222 SCRA 134
(1993)
7. Yapdiangco v. Buencamino, G.R. No.
28841, 24 July 1983

VI. Effectivity of Laws Until Repealed

1. Concept of Temporary Statutes

2. Co Kim Chan v. Valdez Tan Keh, G.R. No.
L-5, 17 September 1945
3. William F. Peralta v. The Director of
Prisons, G.R. No. L-49, 12 November 1945
4. Anastacio Laurel v. Eriberto Misa, G.R. No.
L-409, 30 January 1947

MODULE 5:
CONSTRUCTION AND INTERPRETATION

I. Definition

1. Caltex (Phils.), Inc. v. Palomar, G.R. No.

19650, 29 September 1966

II. Purpose of Construction

1. City of Baguio v. Marcos, G.R. No. 26100, Syllabus

28 February 1969 Recitation
Textbooks 4 Oct. to 9
III. When construction is resorted to Case Study
Oct. 2021
Supreme Court
1. Garcia v. Social Security Commission, G.R. Discussion
and Court of
No. 170735, 17 December 2007 Appeals
Quiz
Decisions
IV. Executive Construction

1. Commissioner of Customs v. Hypermix

Feeds, G.R. No. 150947, 15 July 2003
2. Victorias Milling Co. Inc. v. Social Security
Commission, 4 SCRA 627

V. Judicial Construction

A. Basis, Extent, and Limitations

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1. Article VIII, Section 1 and Section 4 of the
1987 Constitution
2. Record of the Constitutional Commission,
434-436 (1986)
3. Endencia v. David, 93 Phil. 696 (1953)
4. Marcos v. Manglapus, G.R. No. 88211, 15
September 1989

B. Requisites for Judicial Review

1. Southern Hemisphere Engagement

Network, Inc. v. Anti-Terrorism Council,
G.R. No. 178552, 5 October 2010
2. David v. Arroyo, G.R. No. 171396, 3 May
2006

C. Effect of Unconstitutionality

1. Article 7, New Civil Code

2. Peralta v. Civil Service Commission, G.R.
No. 95832, 10 August 1992
3. Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. San
Roque Power Corporation, G.R. No.
187485, 8 October 2013
4. Araullo v. Aquino, G.R. No. 209287, July 1,
2014

11 Oct. to 16
MID-TERM EXAMINATIONS Oct. 2021

MODULE 6:
LITERAL INTERPRETATION AND
DEPARTURE THEREFROM

A . Li t eral I nt erpret at ion

Syllabus
Recitation
I. Verba Legi s
Textbooks 18 Oct. to 23
Case Study
1. TRADE AND INVESTMENT Oct. 2021
DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION OF THE Supreme Court
Discussion
PHILIPPINES v. CIVIL SERVICE Decisions
COMMISSION, G.R. No. 182249, March 5,
2013 (Application of the rule)

II. Dura l ex sed l ex

1. OLYMPIO REVALDO v. PEOPLE OF THE

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PHILIPPINES, G.R. No. 170589, April 16,
2009
2. ARNEL SAGANA v. RICHARD A.
FRANCISCO, G.R. No.161952, October 2,
2009

B. Depart ure f rom li t eral i nt erpret at i on

I. St at ut es must be capabl e of
i nt erpret at i on

1. MIRIAM DEFENSOR-SANTIAGO v.
COMELEC, G.R. No. 127325, March 19,
1997

II. Rat i o l egi s et ani ma

1. RODOLFO G. NAVARRO v. EXECUTIVE

SECRETARY EDUARDO ERMITA, G.R.
No. 180050, April 12, 2011
2. ATONG PAGLAUM, INC. v.
COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS, G.R. No.
203766, April 2, 2013

III. Li t eral import must yi el d t o

i nt ent

1. AUTOMOTIVE PARTS & EQUIPMENT

COMPANY v. JOSE B. LINGAD, G.R. No.
L-26406, October 31, 1969
2. UNITED STATES v. TORIBIO, 15 Phil. 85
(1910)
3. SY TIONG SHIOU v. SY CHIM and
FELICIDAD CHAN SY, G.R. No. 174168,
March 30, 2009

I V. Cessante ratione legis, cessat et

ipsa lex

1. B/GEN. JOSE COMENDADOR v. GEN.

RENATO S. DE VILLA, G.R. No. 93177,
August 2, 1991

V. Suppl yi ng l egi sl at ive

omi ssi on

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1. GOVERNOR RODOLFO C. FARINAS v.
MAYOR ANGELO M. BARBA, G.R. No.
116763, April 19, 1996

VI . Const ruct i on t o avoi d

absurdi t y

1. PARAS v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 123169,

4 November 1996

VI I . Const ruct i on i n f avor of ri ght

and j ust i ce

1. KAREN E. SALVACION v. CENTRAL

BANK OF THE PHILIPPINES, CHINA
BANKING CORPORATION and GREG
BARTELLI y NORTHCOTT, G.R. No.
94723, August 21, 1997

VI I I . Law does not require t he

i mpossi bl e

1. PEDRO T. SANTOS, JR. v. PNOC, G.R.

No. 170943, September 23, 2008

I X. Number and gender of w ords

1. SANTILLON v. MIRANDA, G.R. No.

19281, June 30, 1965

MODULE 7:
IMPLICATIONS

I. Necessary Implications

1. DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND

NATURAL RESOURCES (DENR) v.
UNITED PLANNERS CONSULTANTS, Syllabus
INC., G.R. No. 212081, February 23, 2015 Recitation
2. SUGBUANON RURAL BANK, INC. v. HON. Textbooks 25 Oct. to 30
UNDERSECRETARY BIENVENIDO E. Case study
Oct. 2021
LAGUESMA, G.R. No. 116194, February 2, Supreme Court
2000 Discussion
Decisions
II. Grant of power includes incidental
power

1. CARMELO F. LAZATIN v. HRET, G.R. No.

84297, December 8, 1988
2. CEMCO HOLDINGS, INC. v. NATIONAL
LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF THE

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PHILIPPINES, INC., G.R. No. 171815,
August 7, 2007

III. What cannot be done directly cannot

be done indirectly

1. TAWANG MULTI-PURPOSE
COOPERATIVE v. LA TRINIDAD WATER
DISTRICT, G.R. No. 166471, March 22,
2011

MODULE 8:
INTERPRETAION OF WORDS AND PHRASES

I. In General

1. JOSEPH EJERCITO ESTRADA v.

SANDIGANBAYAN, G.R. No. 148560, 19
November 2001.
2. JOSE JESUS M. DISINI, JR. v.
SECRETARY OF JUSTICE, G.R. No.
203335, 11 February 2014.

II. General rules of interpretation

1. ATTY. REYNANTE B. ORCEO v.

COMELEC, G.R. No. 190779, 26 March
2010 Syllabus
2. MUSTANG LUMBER, INC. v. HON. Recitation
COURT OF APPEALS, G.R. No. 104988, Textbooks 3 Nov. to 20
18 June 1996. Case Study
Nov. 2021
Supreme Court
Discussion
III. Where the law does not distinguish Decisions

1. REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES v.

DAISY R. YAHON, G.R. No. 201043, June
16, 2014
2. VISAYAS COMMUNITY MEDICAL
CENTER (VCMC) v. ERMA YBALLE, G.R.
No. 196156, January 15, 2014

IV. Disjunctive and Conjunctive Words

1. ANTONIO D. DAYAO v. COMELEC, G.R.

No. 193643, January 29, 2013
2. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES v.
ANTONIO COMADRE, G.R. No. 153559,
June 8, 2004
3. GONZALES v. COMELEC, G.R. No.
28196, November 9, 1967

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V. Noscitur a sociis

1. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES v.

ISIDRO FLORES, G.R. No. 188315,
August 25, 2010
2. CESAR M. CARANDANG v. VICENTE
SANTIAGO, G.R. No. L-8238, May 25,
1955

VI. Ejusdem generis

1. EMETERIA LIWAG v. HAPPY GLEN

LOOP HOMEOWNERS ASSOCIATION,
INC., G.R. No. 189755, July 4, 2012
2. COMMISSIONER OF CUSTOMS v.
COURT OF APPEALS, G.R. No. 33471,
January 31, 1972.

VII. Expressio unius est exclusion

alterius and casus omissus

1. SAN PABLO MANUFACTURING

CORPORATION v. COMMISSIONER OF
INTERNAL REVENUE, G.R. No. 147749,
June 22, 2006
2. COCONUT OIL REFINERS ASSN., INC.
v. TORRES, G.R. No. 132527, July 29,
2005
3. THE COMMISSION ON AUDIT OF THE
PROVINCE OF CEBU v. PROVINCE OF
CEBU, G.R. No. 141386, November 29,
2001

VIII. Reddendo singula singulis

1. MA. MERCEDITAS N. GUTIERREZ v. THE

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
COMMITTEE ON JUSTICE, G.R. No.
193459, February 15, 2011
2. CITY OF MANILA v. LAGUIO, G.R. No.
118127, April 12, 2005

IX. Provisos, Exceptions and Saving

Clauses

1. RICARDO FERNANDEZ v. NLRC, G.R.

No. 106090, February 28, 1994
2. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL
REVENUE v. FILIPINAS COMPANIA DE

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SEGUROS, G.R. No. L-14880, April 29,
1960
3. ARENAS v. CITY OF SAN CARLOS, G.R.
No. 34024, April 5, 1978
4. CHARTERED BANK OF INDIA v. C. A.
IMPERIAL, G.R. No. L-17222, March 15,
1921
5. ROBERTO S. BENEDICTO v. COURT OF
APPEALS, G.R. No. 125359, September
4, 2001
6. BALAGTAS MULTI-PURPOSE
COOPERATIVE, INC. v. COURT OF
APPEALS, G.R. No. 159268, October 27,
2006

MODULE 9:
STATUTES CONSTRUED AS A WHOLE
AND IN RELATION TO OTHER STATUTES

I. Statutes construed as a whole

1. AQUINO v. QUEZON CITY, G.R. No.

137534, August 3, 2006
2. LIWAYWAY VINZONS-CHATO v.
FORTUNE TOBACCO CORPORATION, Syllabus
G.R. No. 141309, June 19, 2007 Recitation
3. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES v. Textbooks 22 Nov. to 27
LUISITO D. BUSTINERA, G.R. No. 148233, Case Study
Nov. 2021
June 8, 2004 Supreme Court
Discussion
Decisions
MODULE 10:
MANDATORY AND DIRECTORY STATUTES

1. Article 5, New Civil Code

2. ACOSTA v. ADAZA, G.R. No. 168617,
February 19, 2007
3. LUIS K. LOKIN, JR. v. COMELEC, G.R.
Nos. 179431-32, June 22, 2010
4. FLORANTE S. QUIZON v. COMELEC,
G.R. No. 177927, February 15, 2008

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MODULE 11:
STRICT OR LIBERAL CONSTRUCTION

I. Statutes strictly construed

A. Penal laws

1. INTESTATE ESTATE OF MANOLITA

GONZALES VDA. DE CARUNGCONG v.
PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, G.R. No.
181409, February 11, 2010
2. GERARDO R. VILLASEÑOR v.
SANDIGANBAYAN, G.R. No. 180700,
March 4, 2008

B. Statutes in derogation of rights

1. HEIRS OF ALBERTO SUGUITAN v.

MANDALUYONG, G.R. No. 135087, March
14, 2000
2. PHILACOR CREDIT CORPORATION v.
COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL Recitation
Syllabus
REVENUE, G.R. No. 169899, February 06,
2013 29 Nov. to 11 Case Study
Textbooks
3. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL Dec. 2021
REVENUE v. KUDOS METAL Discussion
Supreme Court
CORPORATION, G.R. No. 178087, May 5, Decisions
Quiz
2010
4. MAPULO MINING ASSOCIATION v. HON.
FERNANDO LOPEZ, G.R. No. L-30440,
February 7, 1992

C. Statutes granting privileges

1. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL
REVENUE v. PHILIPPINE LONG
DISTANCE TELEPHONE COMPANY, G.R.
No. 140230, December 15, 2005
2. RAOUL B. DEL MAR v. PAGCOR, G.R. No.
138298, November 29, 2000
3. REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES v.
KERRY LAO ANG, G.R. No. 175430, June
18, 2012

D. Exceptions and provisos

1. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL
REVENUE v. THE COURT OF APPEALS,

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CENTRAL VEGETABLE
MANUFACTURING CO., INC., G.R. No.
107135, February 23, 1999
2. GEOLOGISTICS, INC. v. GATEWAY
ELECTRONICS CORPORATION, G.R.
Nos. 174256-57, March 25, 2009

II. Statutes Liberally Construed

1. RE: APPLICATION FOR SURVIVORSHIP

PENSION BENEFITS UNDER REPUBLIC
ACT NO. 9946, A.M. No. 14155-Ret.,
November 19, 2013
2. MARIA OBRA v. SSS, G.R. No. 147745,
April 9, 2003
3. IN RE: PETITION FOR ADOPTION OF
MICHELLE P. LIM, G.R. Nos. 168992-93,
May 21, 2009
4. THE COCA-COLA EXPORT
CORPORATION v. CLARITA P.
GACAYAN, G.R. No. 149433, December
15, 2010
5. REGIONAL AGRARIAN REFORM
ADJUDICATION BOARD v. COURT OF
APPEALS, G.R. No. 165155, Apr 13, 2010
6. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL
REVENUE v. BASF COATING, G.R. No.
198677, November 26, 2014
7. RAMON A. SYHUNLIONG v. TERESITA
RIVERA, G.R. No. 200148, June 4, 2014

13 Dec. to 18
FINAL EXAMINATIONS Dec. 2021

13