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Precision Waveform Generator: ... The Analog Plus Company
Precision Waveform Generator: ... The Analog Plus Company
Precision Waveform
...the analog plus company TM Generator
June 1997-3
FEATURES APPLICATIONS
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The XR-8038A is a precision waveform generator IC voltage changes. Both full frequency sweeping as well as
capable of producing sine, square, triangular, sawtooth, smaller frequency variations (FM) can be accomplished
and pulse waveforms, with a minimum number of external with an external control voltage. Each of the three basic
components and adjustments. The XR-8038A allows the waveform outputs, (i.e., sine, triangle and square) are
elimination of the external distortion adjusting resistor simultaneously available from independent output
which greatly improves the temperature drift of distortion, terminals.
as well as lowering external parts count. Its operating
The XR-8038A monolithic waveform generator uses
frequency can be selected over eight decades of
advanced processing technology and Schottky-barrier
frequency, from 0.001Hz to 200kHz, by the choice of
diodes to enhance its frequency performance.
external R-C components. The frequency of oscillation is
highly stable over a wide range of temperature and supply
ORDERING INFORMATION
Operating
Part No. Package Temperature Range
XR-8038ACP 14 Lead 300 mil PDIP 0°C to 70°C
Rev. 2.01
1992
EXAR Corporation, 48720 Kato Road, Fremont, CA 94538 (510) 668-7000 FAX (510) 668-7017
1
XR-8038A
11
VEE
Rev. 2.01
2
XR-8038A
PIN CONFIGURATION
SA1 1 14 NC
SWO 2 13 NC
TWO 3 12 SA2
DCA1 4 11 VEE
DCA2 5 10 TC
VCC 6 9 SQO
FMBI 7 8 FMSI
PIN DESCRIPTION
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁ
Pin #
ÁÁÁ ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁ
1
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
Symbol Type Description
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
SA1 I Wave Form Adjust Input 1.
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁ
2
ÁÁÁ ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁ
3
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
SWO O Sine Wave Output.
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
TWO O Triangle Wave Output.
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁ
4
ÁÁÁ ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁ
5
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
DCA1 I Duty Cycle Adjustment Input.
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
DCA2 I Duty Cycle Adjustment Input.
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁ
6
ÁÁÁ ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁ
7
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
VCC Positive Power Supply.
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
FMBI I Frequency Modulation Input.
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁ
8
ÁÁÁ ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁ
9
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
FMSI I Frequency Sweep Input.
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
SQO O Square Wave Output.
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁ
10
ÁÁÁ ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁ
11
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
TC I Timing Capacitor Input.
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
VEE Negative Power Supply.
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁ
12
ÁÁÁ ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁ
13
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
SA2 I Wave Form Adjust Input 2.
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
NC No Connect.
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁ
14
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
NC No Connect.
Rev. 2.01
3
XR-8038A
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Test Conditions: VS = +5V to +15V, TA = 25°C, RL = 1M, RA = RB = 10k, C1 = 3300pF, S1 closed, unless
otherwise specified. (See Figure 2.)
Notes
1 Currents through R and R not included.
A B
2V
SUPPLY = 20V.
3 Apply sweep voltage at Pin 8.
VCC - (1/3 VSUPPLY - 2) VPIN 8 VCC
VSUPPLY = Total Supply Voltage across the IC
Rev. 2.01
4
XR-8038A
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (CONT’D)
Test Conditions: VS = +5V to +15V, TA = 25°C, RL = 1M, RA = RB = 10k, C1 = 3300pF, S1 closed, unless
otherwise specified. (See Figure 2.)
Notes
4 Triangle duty cycle set at 50%, use R and R .
A B
5 As R is decreased distortion will increase, R min [ 50K.
L L
Bold face parameters are covered by production test and guaranteed over operating temperature range.
Rev. 2.01
5
XR-8038A
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
The XR-8038A precision waveform generator produces potentiometer between the supplies, with the wiper
highly stable and sweepable square, triangle, and sine connected to Pin 1.
waves across eight frequency decades. The device time
base employs resistors and a capacitor for frequency and Small frequency deviation (FM) is accomplished by
duty cycle determination. The generator contains dual applying modulation voltage to Pins 7 and 8; large
comparators, a flip-flop driving a switch, current sources, frequency deviation (sweeping) is accomplished by
buffers, and a sine wave convertor. Three identical applying voltage to Pin 8 only. Sweep range is typically
frequency outputs are simultaneously available. Supply 1000:1.
voltage can range from 10V to 30V, or ±5V to ±15V with
The square wave output is an open collector transistor;
dual supplies.
output amplitude swing closely approaches the supply
Unadjusted sine wave distortion is typically less than voltage. Triangle output amplitude is typically 1/3 of the
0.7% with the sine wave distortion adjust pin (Pin 1) open. supply, and sine wave output reaches 0.22 of the supply
Distortion levels may be improved by including a 100kΩ voltage.
+15V
RA RB
4 5 1 12 6 RL
10 2 Sine Wave
TC Timing Sine SWO
C1 Circuitry Converter
7 3 Triangle Wave
FMBI U1 TWO
S1
8
FMSI 9 Square Wave
Square Wave
SQO
Converter
VEE
XR-8038A
11
–15V
Rev. 2.01
6
XR-8038A
VCC
11
RA
R2 IA
10K
7 8 Buffer 4 10
VCC SWITCH S
R1
40K C
RB
Buffer
5
2IB
11
VEE
WAVEFORM ADJUSTMENT
The symmetry of all waveforms can be adjusted with the pins 4 and 5 can be shorted together, as shown in
external timing resistors. Two possible ways to Figure 6. This connection, however, carries an inherently
accomplish this are shown in Figure 4, Figure 5, and larger variation of the duty cycle.
Figure 6. Best results are obtained by keeping the timing With two separate timing resistors the frequency is given
resistors RA and RB separate (Figure 4.) RA controls the by:
rising portion of the triangle and sine wave and the “low”
state of the square wave. 1 1
f+ +
The magnitude of the triangle waveform is set at 1/3 VCC;
t1 ) t2 5
3
ǒ
·R AC 1 ) 2R
RB
A–R B
Ǔ
therefore, the duration of the rising proportion of the
triangle is: or, if RA = RB = R
The duration of the falling portion of the triangle and sine If a single timing resistor is used (Figure 5 and Figure 6),
wave and the ”low” state of the square wave is: the frequency is:
2 1
C·|DV | C·| 3 V CC- 3 V CC| R R C f + 0.15
t2 + + + 5· A B RC
2I B-I A 2 V
CC
V
- CC 3 2R A-R B
5R 5R
B A
The frequency of oscillation is independent of supply
Thus a 50% duty cycle is achieved when RA = RB
voltage, even though none of the voltages are regulated
If the duty-cycle is to be varied over a small range about inside the integrated circuit. This is due to the fact that
50%, the connection shown in Figure 5 is slightly more both currents and thresholds are direct, linear function of
convenient. If no adjustment of the duty cycle is desired, the supply voltage and thus their effects cancel.
Rev. 2.01
7
XR-8038A
DISTORTION ADJUSTMENT
To minimize sine wave distortion, two potentiometers can be connected as shown in Figure 7. This configuration allows
a reduction of sine wave distortion close to 0.5%.
+15V
RA RB
4 5 1 12 6 RL
DCA1 DCA2 SA1 SA2 VCC
10 2 Sine Wave
TC Timing Sine SWO
C1 Circuitry Converter
7 FMBI 3 Triangle Wave
U1 TWO
8 FMSI
Square Wave 9 Square Wave
Converter SQO
VEE
11 XR-8038A
–15V
+15V
Frequency
Duty Cycle
4 5 1 12 6 RL
DCA1 DCA2 SA1 SA2 VCC
10 TC 2 Sine Wave
Timing Sine SWO
Circuitry Converter
7 FMBI 3 Triangle Wave
U1 TWO
8 FMSI
Sine Wave 9 Square Wave
Converter SQO
VEE
11 XR-8038A
–15V
Rev. 2.01
8
XR-8038A
+15V
4 5 1 12 6 RL
DCA1 DCA2 SA1 SA2 VCC
10 TC 2 Sine Wave
Timing Sine SWO
C1 Circuitry Converter
7 FMBI 3 Triangle Wave
U1 TWO
8 FMSI
9 Square Wave
Square Wave
Converter SQO
VEE
XR-8038A
11
–15V
+15V
100K
100K
RB
RA
4 5 1 12 6
RL –15V
DCA1 DCA2 SA1 SA2 VCC
10 2 Sine Wave
TC Timing Sine SWO
C1 Circuitry Converter
7 3 Triangle Wave
FMBI U1 TWO
8
FMSI 9 Square Wave
Square Wave SQO
VEE Converter
11 XR-8038A
–15V
Rev. 2.01
9
XR-8038A
SELECTING TIMING COMPONENTS
For any given output frequency, there is a wide range of R advantage that all waveforms move symmetrically about
and C combinations that will work. However, certain ground.
constraints are placed upon the magnitude of the The square wave output is not committed. A load resistor
charging current for optimum performance. At the low can be connected to a different power supply, as long as
end, currents of less than 0.1mA are undesirable because the applied voltage remains within the breakdown
circuit leakages will contribute significant errors at high capability of the waveform generator (30V). In this way,
temperatures. At higher currents (1 > 5mA), transistor the square wave output will be TTL compatible (load
betas and saturation voltages will contribute increasingly resistor connected to +5V) while the waveform generator
large errors. Optimum performance will be obtained for itself is powered from a higher supply voltage.
charging currents of 1mA to 1mA. If pins 7 and 8 are
shorted together, the magnitude of the charging current FREQUENCY MODULATION AND SWEEP
due to RA can be calculated from:
The frequency of the waveform generator is an inverse
R 1·V CC V
I+ · 1 + CC function of the dc voltage at pin 8 (measured from +VCC).
( R 1 ) R 2) R A 5R A By altering this voltage, frequency modulation is
performed.
A similar calculation holds for RB. For small deviations (e.g., +10%), the modulating signal
When the duty cycle is greater than 60%, the device may can be applied to pin 8 by merely providing ac coupling
not oscillate every time, unless: with a capacitor, as shown in Figure 8. An external
resistor between pins 7 and 8 is not necessary, but it can
1. The rise times of the V+ are 10X times slower than
be used to increase input impedance. Without it (i.e. pins
RA@CT.
7 and 8 connected together), the input impedance is
2. A 0.1mF capacitor is tied from pin 7 and 8 to ground. 8KW); with it, this impedance increases to (R // 8KW).
NOTE: For larger FM deviations or for frequency sweeping, the
- This is only needed if the duty cycle is powered up with modulating signal is applied between the positive supply
RA >>RB . voltage and pin 8 (Figure 9.) In this way the entire bias for
the current sources is created by the modulating signal
SINGLE-SUPPLY AND SPLIT-SUPPLY OPERATION and a very large (e.g. 1000:1) sweep range is obtained
(f=0 at VSWEEP=0). Care must be taken, however, to
The waveform generator can be operated either from a regulate the supply voltage; in this configuration the
single power supply (10V to 30V) or a dual power supply charge current is no longer a function of the supply
(+5V to +15V). With a single power supply the average voltage (yet the trigger thresholds still are) and thus the
levels of the triangle and sine wave are at exactly one half frequency becomes dependent on the supply voltage.
of the supply voltage, while the square wave alternates The potential on pin 8 may be swept from VCC to 2/3
between +VCC and ground. A split power supply has the VCC-2V.
Rev. 2.01
10
XR-8038A
+15V
RA RB
RL
4 5 1 12 6
–15V
+15V
RA RB
4 5 1 12 6 RL
10 2 Sine Wave
C1 TC Timing Sine SWO
Circuitry Converter
7 3 Triangle Wave
FMBI U1 TWO
8
FMSI 9 Square Wave
Square Wave
Sweep Voltage Converter SQO
VCC - (VSUP - 2) VEE
< = VIN & < = VCC
XR-8038A
11
–15V
Rev. 2.01
11
XR-8038A
20 1.03
1.02
Normalized Frequency
Current Consumption
15 1.01
-55°C
1.00
125°C
25°C
10 0.99
0.98
5
5 10 15 20 25 30 5 10 15 20 25 30
Supply Voltage Supply Voltage
12
10
8
Distortion – %
Unadjusted
2
Adjusted
0
10Hz 100Hz 1kHz 10kHz 100kHz 1MHz
Frequency
Rev. 2.01
12
XR-8038A
14 8
E1
1 7
D E
A2
Seating A
Plane L C
A1 α
B
e B1 eA
eB
INCHES MILLIMETERS
SYMBOL MIN MAX MIN MAX
α 0° 15° 0° 15°
Note: The control dimension is the inch column
Rev. 2.01
13
XR-8038A
Notes
Rev. 2.01
14
XR-8038A
Notes
Rev. 2.01
15
XR-8038A
NOTICE
EXAR Corporation reserves the right to make changes to the products contained in this publication in order to im-
prove design, performance or reliability. EXAR Corporation assumes no responsibility for the use of any circuits de-
scribed herein, conveys no license under any patent or other right, and makes no representation that the circuits are
free of patent infringement. Charts and schedules contained here in are only for illustration purposes and may vary
depending upon a user’s specific application. While the information in this publication has been carefully checked;
no responsibility, however, is assumed for inaccuracies.
EXAR Corporation does not recommend the use of any of its products in life support applications where the failure or
malfunction of the product can reasonably be expected to cause failure of the life support system or to significantly
affect its safety or effectiveness. Products are not authorized for use in such applications unless EXAR Corporation
receives, in writing, assurances to its satisfaction that: (a) the risk of injury or damage has been minimized; (b) the
user assumes all such risks; (c) potential liability of EXAR Corporation is adequately protected under the circum-
stances.
Rev. 2.01
16