Chapter -12, Lecture - 1 ( 16th February 2021)

( )

Mr. Mukesh Kaushik

Lecturer Chemistry
RPVV Narela
 TEAM : CHEMISTRY

Mr. Mukesh Kaushik Mr. Harpreet Singh Mr. Pradeep Gusain

Lecturer Chemistry Lecturer Chemistry Lecturer Chemistry
RPVV,Narela RPVV, Kishan Ganj RPVV,Gandhi Nagar

Mr. Rajeev Kumar Jha

Dr. Seema Bhardwaj Lecturer Chemistry
Lecturer Chemistry SOE,MPK
RPVV,Dwarka,Sec-10
 TEAM : CHEMISTRY

Dr. Deepak Kumar Ruhela Mrs. Akshma Mrs. Reshma Chandwani

Lecturer Chemistry Lecturer Chemistry Lecturer Chemistry
RPVV,Surajmal Vihar SOE, Dwarka,Sec-22 SOE,Kalkaji

Mr. Mohit Garg

Lecturer Chemistry
GSBV, Nangloi
MAKE A DIFFERENCE DURING THE COVID-19 PENDEMIC
Structure Of Carbonyl Group
 Nomenclature Of Aldehydes And Ketones

Aldehyde
prefix- oxo or
formyl
suffix- al
IUPAC Name
Alkanal

Ketone
prefix- oxo
suffix- one
IUPAC Name
Alkan-one
1. By oxidation of alcohols By dehydrogenation of alcohols
From Hydrocarbons
Ozonolysis of Alkynes

Hydration of Alkynes:
Catalyzed by mercury(II) salts, water can be added to alkynes according to the
Markovnikov’s rule. This reaction yields enoles which tautomerize to the carbonyl
compounds. Ethyne yields acetaldehyde; terminal alkynes produce methyl ketones.
 BaSO4/S OR
Quinoline Poison
the catalyst and
prevents reduction
of aldehyde into 1o
Preparation of Ketones from Acyl Chlorides alcohol

Acyl chlorides upon treatment with Dialkyl cadmium (R2Cd) form ketones.
Ketones can be prepared by Reaction of cyanides with RMgX
From Esters
From Geminal Dihalides
Friedel–Crafts acylation involves the acylation of aromatic rings using acylating agents like
acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides in the presence of catalyst anhydrous AlCl3
Aldehydes and ketones are polar in nature.

1.Physical State: Methanal is gas but other aldehydes and

ketone are solids or liquids at room temperature.

2.Boiling Points: Their boiling points are higher than that of

non-polar compounds but lower than that of alcohols and
carboxylic acids as these do not form intermolecular H-bonding.
3. Solubility: The lower members of aldehydes and ketones
are soluble in water because these form intermolecular
H-bonding with water but higher members do not dissolve in
water because hydrophobic part prevents H-bonding. Carbonyl
compouds are soluble in organic solvents.
 Let’s Try
Convert: Ethyl Bromide → 1-Phenyl propanone

1.

2.
 Chemical Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones

1.
2.

3.
4.
5.