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Aesthetics Presentation - ARISTOTLE
Aesthetics Presentation - ARISTOTLE
Group - 9 | SEMESTER -7
Group - 9 | SEMESTER - 7
Introduction
Theory of Education
Theory of Mimesis
Theory of Happiness
12 Virtues
Philosophies of Aristotle
Aristotle’s Rhetoric & Poetics
Top 10 contributions of Aristotle
His Influence
Conclusion
AESTHETIC ASSIGNMENT
Group - 9 APPLIED ART Department | Semester - 7
INTRODUCTION TO ARISTOTLE
Born 384 BC
Died 322 BC (aged 61–62)
Education Platonic Academy
Notable students Alexander the Great,
Theophrastus, Aristoxenus
For Aristotle, philosophy was about practical wisdom. He asked and answered many
questions related to life and being. We will discuss it deeply in the following slides.
Moderation in all things, including moderation: Aristotle was clear that too
much (excess) of any virtue is just as bad as lack (deficiency). You must find
the mean, the right balance.
Of the twelve above, I find myself struggling the most with a deficiency of #7, patience. All of us
struggle with all of the virtues; many of us do too but striking a balance is what we should learn.
But that’s Aristotle’s point: it’s a process, it’s about balance, and it’s not easy.
Vanika | Roll No. - 94
Aristotle's Poetics and Rhetoric
Aristotle's Poetics continues to remain a staple of academic study. Aristotle
treated the principles of creative writing in general, but his primary focus was
on tragedy which uses dramatic, rather than narrative, form, and deals with
agents who are better than us ourselves. Tragedy serves to arouse the emotions
of pity and fear and to effect a catharsis of these emotions. Aristotle divided
tragedy into six different parts, ranking them in order from most important to
least important as follows: plot, character, thought, diction, melody, and
spectacle. Though the Poetics is not one of Aristotle's major works, it has
exercised a great deal of influence on subsequent literary theory, particularly in
the Renaissance.
iii. Psychology
Psychology is the study of the psyche, which is often translated as “soul.” While prior philosophers
were interested in the psyche as a part of political inquiry, for Aristotle, the study of the psyche is part
of natural science (Ibn Bajjah 1961, 24), continuous with biology. This is because Aristotle conceives
of the psyche as the form of a living being, the body being its material.
c.First Philosophy
There is a science of independent beings that Aristotle calls “first philosophy” or
“wisdom.” Metaphysics is called "First Philosophy"- The most general philosophy
(or science) that is foundational for all other disciplines.
What is desirable on its own account is the subject of first philosophy.
It is impossible for the same thing both to belong and nt to belong at the same
time and to the same thing in the same respect.
Vishu Saroha | Roll No.-97
Practical Philosophy
Practical philosophy is distinguished from theoretical philosophy both in its goals
and in its methods. While the aim of theoretical philosophy is contemplation and the
understanding of the highest things, the aim of practical philosophy is good action,
that is, acting in a way that constitutes or contributes to the good life.
The human function cannot be nutrition or perception, since those activities are
shared with other living things. Since other animals lack reason, the human function
must be an activity of the psyche not without reason. In other words, by acting
virtuously one will by that fact achieve the human good.
Aristotle taught that virtue has to do with the proper function of a thing. An eye is only
a good eye in so much as it can see, because the proper function of an eye is sight.
Aristotle reasoned that humans must have a function specific to humans, and that this
function must be an activity of the soul in accordance with reason.
10 discovery of Aristotle:
Invented the Logic of the Categorical Syllogism Advances in Meteorology
Classification of Living Beings Ethics
Founder of Zoology Aristotelianism
Contributions in Physics Politics
Influences in the History of Psychology Poetics Sushil Kumar | Roll No. - 88
Invented the Logic of the Categorical Syllogism
A categorical syllogism is an argument consisting of exactly three categorical propositions (two premises and a
conclusion) in which there appear a total of exactly three categorical terms, each of which is used exactly twice.
Founder of Zoology
Aristotle is also known as the Father of Zoology. All his classification procedures and several other treatises primarily
involved different species of the animal kingdom only. However, he wrote a number of treatises that revolved around
different aspects of zoology as well. Some of his popular treatises such as History of Animals, Movement of Animals,
Progression of Animals and others were based on the study of different land, water, and aerial animals.
Advances in Meteorology
For his time and age, Aristotle was able to put forth a very detailed analysis of the world around him. At present, the term
“meteorology” specifically encompasses the interdisciplinary scientific study of atmosphere and weather. But Aristotle
had a far more generalized approach wherein he also covered the different aspects and phenomena of air, water, and
earth within his treatise Meteorologica.In this treatise, in his own words, he lays out details of “different affections” that
are common.
Sushil Kumar | Roll No. - 88
Ethics
An attempt to summarize the rich details of Aristotelian ethics within the bounds of a couple of paragraphs will not do it
justice. Having said that, The Nicomachean Ethics stand out as a major highlight of Aristotle’s interpretations. It
represents the best-known work on ethics by Aristotle: a collection of ten books based on notes taken from his various
lectures at the Lyceum. The Nicomachean Ethics lays out Aristotle’s thoughts on various moral virtues and their
respective details.
Aristotelianism
Aristotelianism is the biggest example of the influence Aristotelian philosophy has had on the entire subsequent
philosophical paradigm. Aristotelianism represents the philosophical tradition that takes its roots from the various works
of Aristotle in philosophy. Aristotelian ideologies including his view on philosophical methodology, epistemology,
metaphysics, aesthetics, ethics, and many more.
Politics
The word “politics” is derived from the Greek word polis which in ancient Greece simply represented any city state.
Aristotle believed that the polis reflected the topmost strata of political association. Being a citizen of a polis was
essential for a person to lead a good-quality life. In Aristotle’s view, this very pursuit pointed to the fact that “man is a
political animal.”
Sushil Kumar | Roll No. - 88
Poetics
Many of the records of Aristotle’s views on art and poetry, composed around 330 BC. Most of these exist and survive to
this day because they were duly noted down and preserved by his pupils during his lectures. Aristotle’s insight into
poetics primarily revolves around drama.
During a later period when Aristotelianism was gaining more ground around the world, his original take on drama was
divided into two separate segments. The first part focused on tragedy and epic, and the second part discussed the various
details of comedy. According to Aristotle, a good tragedy should involve the audience and make them feel katharsis.
It has been more than 2,300 years since the last day of the Aristotelian era in ancient
Greece yet the research and work of Aristotle remain as influential today as it ever
was. From fields that lean towards structurally scientific orientation such as physics
and biology, to the very minute details about the nature of knowledge, reality, and
existence, his multitudinous all-round contributions truly make him one of the most
influential people in human history.
Areas of Influence
Later Greek Hellenistic science Byzantine scholars
philosophers
After Theophrastus, the Lyceum failed to produce any original work. Though interest
in Aristotle's ideas survived. The first medical teacher at Alexandria, Herophilus of
Chalcedon, corrected Aristotle, placing intelligence in the brain, and connected the
nervous system to motion and sensation. Herophilus also distinguished between
veins and arteries, noting that the latter pulse while the former do not.
With the loss of the study of ancient Greek in the early medieval Latin West, Aristotle was
practically unknown there from AD 600 to 1100. In the twelfth and thirteenth centuries,
interest in Aristotle revived and Latin Christians had translations made, both from Arabic
translations and the original Greek. The demand for Aristotle's writings grew, and the
Greek manuscripts returned to the West, stimulating a revival of Aristotelianism in Europe
that continued into the Renaissance. These thinkers blended Aristotelian philosophy with
Christianity, bringing the thought of Ancient Greece into the Middle Ages. Besides Dante's
fellow poets, the classical figure that most influenced the Comedy is Aristotle. Dante built
up the philosophy of the Comedy with the works of Aristotle as a foundation, just as the
scholastics used Aristotle as the basis for their thinking.
Vani Bhalla | Roll No. - 93
The 19th-century German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche has been said to have taken nearly
all of his political philosophy from Aristotle.
Greek Christian scribes played a crucial role in the preservation of Aristotle by copying all the
extant Greek language manuscripts of the corpus. John Philoponus stands out for having
attempted a fundamental critique of Aristotle's views on the eternity of the world, movement,
and other elements of Aristotelian thought. Philoponus questioned Aristotle's teaching of
physics, noting its flaws and introducing the theory of impetus to explain his observations.
Group - 9 | SEMESTER -7
Group - 9 | SEMESTER - 7