Presented By

PINTU BASAK
Junior Telecom Officer
NSCBTTC, Kalyani
What is Internet of Things?
How IoT Works?
Life Cycle of IoT
Current Status & Future Prospect of IoT
Architecture of IoT
IoT Technology And Communication Protocol
IoT Communication Model
IoT Devices
Applications of IoT
IoT Business Model
Industry 4.0
Technological Challenges of IoT
Criticisms & Controversies of IoT
References
The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objects or
"things" embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and
network connectivity, which enables these objects to collect and
exchange data.
In a simple way, You have "things" that sense and collect data and
send it to the internet. This data can be accessible by other
"things" too.
The term Internet of Things was first used by Kevin Ashton,
founding Executive Director of MIT's Auto-ID Center in 1999.
He coins “Internet of Things” as a part of an RFID power point
presentation.
“How much more IoT can do is only left to your imagination”
The Internet of Things (IoT), consists of all the web-enabled
devices that collect, send and act on data they acquire from
their surrounding environments using embedded sensors,
processors and communication hardware.

These devices, often called "connected" or "smart" devices,

can sometimes talk to other related devices, a process called
machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, and act on the
information they get from one another.

Humans can interact with the gadgets to set them up, give
them instructions or access the data, but the devices do most of
the work on their own without human intervention.
COLLECT COMMUNICATE ANALYSE ACT
Devices and Sensors are collecting data from everywhere

◦ At our home
◦ In our car
◦ At our office
◦ In the manufacturing plant.
Sending data and events through networks to some destination.

◦ Cloud platform
◦ Private data center
◦ Home network
Creating information from the data.

◦ Visualizing the data

◦ Building reports
◦ Filtering data
Taking action based on the information and data.

◦ Communicate with another machine (M2M)

◦ Send a notification (SMS, email, text)
◦ Talk to another system
The internet of things is growing fast and in future people’s daily
needs going to depend on the internet. It’s not just connecting
computers and smart phones anymore. Multiple devices that we use
in daily life need the internet to serve people.

The internet of things devices such as machines and sensors are

expected to generate 79.4 Zettabytes (1 trillion Gigabytes) of data in
2025 which is predicted by IDC (International Data Corporation).
Also, IoT will grow at a compound annual growth rate of 28.7%
over 2020 to 2025.

According to the projection of the Statista Research Department,

75.44 billion devices will be connected with the IOT worldwide by
2025.
 Year 2015 2020 2025

World
7.2 7.6 8.1
Population

Connected
15.41 30.73 75.44
Devices

Connected
Devices per 2.14 4.04 9.31
Person

*All figures are in Billions

#Annual growth rate of IoT will be 28.7% over 2020 to

2025.
There is a lot of scope for IoT in India and Government has
rightly recognized it and working towards it.

One of the key

initiatives of the
Government is to build
smart cities across the
country.

Govt. sanctioned 100

Smart Cities by 2020
and Invested
RS7500CR.
The fast convergence of Information and Communications
Technology is built on three layers of technology innovation

◦ Perception layer – Sensors, actuators

and edge devices that interact with
the environment.

◦ Network Layer – Discovers, connects

and translates devices over a network
and function in coordination with the
application layer.

◦ Application Layer – Data processing and

storage with specialized services and provide functionality for users.
Several Communication Protocols and Technologies are used
in the internet of Things. Some of the major IoT technology
and protocol (IoT Communication Protocols) are :

◦ Bluetooth
◦ Zigbee
◦ Z-Wave
◦ LoRaWAN
◦ WiFi
◦ Cellular
◦ NFC
Bluetooth is an important short-range IoT Communications Protocols which
has become very important in computing and many consumer product
markets.

It is expected to be key for wearable products.

The new Bluetooth Low-

Energy (BLE) – or Bluetooth
Smart – is a significant protocol
for IoT applications.
Importantly, while it offers a
similar range to Bluetooth, it
has been designed to offer
significantly reduced power
consumption.
ZigBee is similar to Bluetooth and is majorly used in industrial
settings.
It has some significant advantages in complex systems offering
low-power operation, high security, robustness
The latest version of ZigBee is the recently launched
Z-Wave is a low-power RF communications IoT technology
that primarily design for home automation for products such
as lamp controllers and sensors among many other devices.

A Z-Wave uses a simpler protocol than some others, which

can enable faster and simpler development
WiFi connectivity is one of the most popular IoT communication
protocol, often an obvious choice for many developers, especially
given the availability of WiFi within the home environment within
LANs.
Offers fast data transfer and the ability to handle high quantities of
data.
Any IoT application that requires operation over longer
distances can take advantage of GSM/3G/4G cellular
communication capabilities.
While cellular is clearly capable of sending high quantities of
data, especially for 4G.
NFC (Near Field Communication) is an IoT technology.
Enables simple and safe communications between electronic
devices, specifically for smart phones.
Allow consumers to perform transactions in which one does
not have to be physically present. It helps the user to access
digital content and connect electronic devices.

Essentially it extends the capability

of contactless card technology and
enables devices to share information
at a distance that is less than 4cm.
LoRaWAN is one of popular IoT Technology, targets wide-area
network (WAN) applications.
Design to provide low-power WANs with features specifically
needed to support low-cost mobile secure communication in IoT.
Meets requirements for
low-power consumption
and supports large
networks with millions of
devices, data rates range
from 0.3 kbps to 50 kbps.
Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)
Message Queue Telemetry Transport Protocol (MQTT)
Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP)
Data Distribution Service (DDS)
How do IoT devices connect and communicate, as part of the
business ecosystem?
In March 2015, the Internet Architecture Board (IAB) released
a guide to address the networking of IoT devices

Some of the models are:

◦ 1. Device-to-device communication model
◦ 2. Device-to-cloud communication model
◦ 3. Device-to-gateway model
◦ 4. Back-end data sharing model
Two or more devices that directly connect and communicate
between one another, rather than through an intermediary
application server.
These devices communicate over IP networks or the Internet
Often, they also use protocols like Bluetooth, Z-Wave, or
ZigBee to establish direct device-to-device communications,
and used in home automation systems (light bulbs,
thermostats, and locks).
In a device-to-cloud communication model, the IoT device
connects directly to an Internet cloud service like an application
service provider to exchange data and control message traffic.

This model is employed in the Samsung smart television.

◦ The television uses an Internet connection to transmit user viewing
information to Samsung for analysis and to enable the interactive
features of the television
Here, the IoT device connects through an application layer
gateway service as a conduit to reach a cloud service
There is an app operating on a local gateway device, which acts
as an intermediary between the device and the cloud service and
provides security and other functionality such as data or
protocol translation.
For example, the local device is a smart phone running an app
to relay data to a cloud service as in personal fitness trackers.
◦ The smart phone does not have the native ability to connect directly to a
cloud service, so they rely on smart phone app software (intermediary
gateway) to connect the fitness device to the cloud
This model is frequently used to integrate new smart devices
into a legacy system with devices that are not natively
interoperable with them
The back-end data-sharing model refers to a communication
architecture that enables users to export and analyze smart
object data from a cloud service in combination with data from
other sources.
This architecture supports “the
user’s desire for granting access
to the uploaded sensor data to
third parties”.
This approach is an extension
of the single device-to-cloud
communication model,
Amazon Echo August Doorbell Cam Awair
Awai

Belkin Wemo Canary Chamberlain MyQ

Building and Home automation/
Smart Home
Smart wearable
Smart city
Manufacturing
Medical and Healthcare systems
Environmental monitoring
Smart Retail
Smart Supply Chain
Smart Farming
Energy management/ Smart Grids
Transportation
Better quality of life for elderly
Smart Home is the most
popular IoT application.

It is an application that
allows the user to access the
home appliances like
lighting, heating, security,
and entertainment remotely.

It provides security, comfort

and convenience to the
owners.
Smart watches are the most common wearable tools right now.
Today, IoT wearables can display calls, text messages, social
media updates, and track fitness and health.
Devices like pacemaker and insulin pumps can connect to the
IoT for added monitoring.
Smart city includes traffic management to water distribution,
to waste management, urban security and environmental
monitoring.
IoT solutions in the
area of Smart City
solve trafficcongestion
problems, reduce air
and noise pollution and
help make cities safer.
Health monitoring system consists of several small sensors
located around your body to continuously measure the
statistics of the body by calculating ECG, EEG, blood
pressure, temperature, etc.
This information can be sent and stored on the cloud.
Smart grid uses information about the behaviors of electricity
suppliers and consumers in an automated fashion.

This technology helps in:

◦ Deliver power more
efficiently

◦ Improve operations

◦ Reduce emissions and

management cost

◦ Restore power failures

faster
With the use of IoT, farmers will be able to reduce waste and
enhance productivity.
This system will allow monitoring the crop field with the help
of censors.
Also, the farmers will be able to monitor the field condition
from anywhere.
At present IoT is faced with many challenges, such as:

◦ Scalability
◦ Technological Standardization
◦ Inter operability
◦ Software complexity
◦ Data volumes and interpretation
◦ Power Supply
◦ Interaction and short range communication
◦ Wireless communication
◦ Fault tolerance
Scholars and social observers and pessimists have doubts
about the promises of the computing revolution, in the areas
as:
◦ Privacy
◦ Security
◦ Autonomy and Control
◦ Social control
◦ Political manipulation
◦ Design
◦ Environmental impact
◦ Influences human moral decision making
1st Industrial revolution – Machines and Utilization of machines
2nd Industrial revolution – Mass production (Volume)
3rd Industrial revolution – Employing Automation
4th Industrial revolution – Cyber physical system (Machine talking
to Machine)
Industry 4.0 is focused on creating intelligent products,
processes and procedures.
The essence of the industry 4.0 is in the Internet of Things and
Internet of Services.
Computers and automation will come together, in particular
based on cyber physical production systems that integrate
communications, IT, data and physical elements.
These system transform the traditional plants into smart
factories.
It will be the combination of Intelligent machines, Informed
manufacturing and processes.
Connect smart devices with Home Gateway
Control the devices from Smartphone
Connect a Web Camera and a
Motion Detector with IoT
server.
Configure IP address to the
Server, web camera and motion
detector.
Activate the IoT service, create
userid and password.
Register devices in Server.
Add conditions
Access & control the devices
from server/computer,
Connect Wireless Gateway with IoT Server through a Switch
Configure IP address to server and gateway
Set SSID name of the wireless gateway
Enable wireless security mode as WPA2 Enterprise
Configure RADIOUS server in Gateway
Configure RADIOUS client and user in AAA Server
Create user id and password in IoT server
Configure devices for connecting with gateway
Register devices in Registration server
Access and control the smart devices from
Computer/Smartphone
 IoT is
a) Internet of Technology
b) Internet of Teams
c) Internet of Things
d) Internet of Thoughts

Which of the following is not a Fundamental Characteristics of IoT

a) Interconnectivity
b) Things-related services
c) Heterogeneity
d) Dynamic changes
e) Enormous scale
f) All of the above
 The requirement of IoT are
a) Network
b) Sensors
c) Data Analysis
d) Data Mining
e) All of Above
https://www.wikipedia.org/

https://www.softscripts.net/

https://thriveglobal.coom

https://www.netburner.com

https://data-flair.training

https://www.multisoftsystems.com

https://www.mediabuzz.com.sg

Internet Architecture Board (IAB)