SPRINGBOARD ACADEMY 1

Rajasthan Geography Notes

e`nk
A. e`nk D;k
B. e`nk dk oxhZdj.k
C. e`nk dh leL;k,¡

A. e`nk %&

 i`Foh dh mijh lrg ij vlaxfBr pV~Vuksa dh ijr dks e`nk dgk tkrk gSA
 uksV%& isMksykWth& e`nk lacaf/kr vè;;u dks dgk tkrk gSA
B. e`nk dk oxhZdj.k %&

ns'k (ICAR) jktLFkku

eq[; xkS.k jkT; Ñf"k oSKkfud

8 izdkj 27 izdkj foHkkx 14 oxhZdj.k 5 izdkj
(USDA)
uksV%&
 ICAR – Indian Council of Agricultural Research
¼Hkkjrh; —f"k vuqlaèkku laLFkku & 1929 ¼ubZ fnYyh½
 USDA – United State Department of Agriculutre
¼LFkkiuk & 1862] okaf'kxVu & DC½
I. jkT; Ñf"k foHkkx &

 blds }kjk jktLFkku dh e`nk dks 14 Hkkxksa esa ckaVk x;k gSA

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 SPRINGBOARD ACADEMY 2
Rajasthan Geography Notes

Jh 1- lkbZ&jkstsEl
xaxkuxj 2- jsosfjuk

chdkusj 3- fti~lhQsjl

4- dsYlh czkmu e:LFkyh;

feV~Vh
>qa>quw&
a lhdj] 5- ukWu dsfYly
t;iqj&vyoj] czkmu feV~Vh
vtesj & ukxkSj

vtesj&HkhyokM+k
6- uohu Hkwjh
feV~Vh

dksVk 7- ioZrh;
mn;iqj feV~Vh

ckalokM+k&
Mwxa jiqj&
izrkix<+ 8- jsM ykWe@yky
fpduh feV~Vh

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 SPRINGBOARD ACADEMY 3
Rajasthan Geography Notes

9-
e:LFkyh;
feV~Vh tSlyesj] chdkusj] ckM+esj tks/kiqj
,oa 'ks[kkokVh
11- uohu
vyoj] Hkjriqj] djkSyh] /kkSyiqj] tyks<+ feV~Vh
10- tSlyesj] chdkusj] ckM+esj ,oa
tks/kiqj nkSlk ,oa l-ek/kksiqj
e:LFkyh;
& ckyqdk
Lrwi
feV~Vh jktlean] fpÙkkSM+] HkhyokM+k]
12- ihyh&Hkwjh feV~Vh
vtesj] Vksd
a ,oa l-ek/kksiqj
13-xzs czkmu tyks<+
ikyh] tkyksj] fljksgh] feV~Vh
tks/kiqj ,oa ukxkSj dksVk] cwUnh]
ckjka] >kykokM++ 14- e/;e xgjh
dkyh feV~Vh

II. e`nk dk oSKkfud oxÊdj.k %&

 e`nk dk oSKkfud oxhZdj.k USDA ds }kjk fd;k x;k ftldk eq[; vkèkkj Þfeêh ds d.kksa
ds vkdkjÞ dks ekuk x;kA
 jktLFkku dh e`nk dks 5 oSKkfud e`nk oxksZa esa ckaVk x;k gS &
1- ,fjMksl‚y] 2- ,aVhl‚y]
3- vYQhl‚y] 4- bUlsfIVl‚y]
5- oVÊl‚y

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 SPRINGBOARD ACADEMY 4
Rajasthan Geography Notes

,aVhl‚y
,fjMksl‚y

1- ,fjMksl‚y %&

 foLrkj & chdkusj] tSlyesj] ckM+esj] tksèkiqj

 tyok;q & ;g 'kq"d tyok;q çns'k esa ikbZ tkrh gSA
 bl e`nk ds 4 milewg gS &
1- dSEcks v‚jfFkM~l] 2- dsylh v‚jfFkM~l] 3- isfy v‚jfFkM~l] 4- lsy v‚jfFkM~l
2- ,aVhl‚y %&

 foLrkj & vjkoyh ds if'pe esa

 tyok;q & ;g e`nk 'kq"d&vnZ'kq"d tyok;q çns'k ikbZ tkrh gSA
uksV %&
 jktLFkku esa bl e`nk dk foLrkj lokZfèkd ik;k tkrk gSA
 jktLFkku esa lokZfèkd ik;s tkus okyh oSKkfud e`nk & Ist&,aVhl‚y] IInd&,fjMksl‚y

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 SPRINGBOARD ACADEMY 5
Rajasthan Geography Notes

3- vYQhl‚y %&

 foLrkj & ;g iwoÊ jktLFkku dh vksj ik;k tkus okyk e`nk lewg gSA
 tyok;q & ;g mikæZ&vkæZ çdkj dh tyok;q esa ikbZ tkrh gSA
4- bUlsfIVl‚y %&

 foLrkj & jktleUn] ikyh] mn;iqj] fpÙkkSM+x<+] ck¡lokM+k] Mwx

a jiqj] çrkix<+
 tyok;q & ;g feV~Vh væZ'kq"d & vkæZ tyok;q esa ikbZ tkrh gSA
5- oVÊl‚y %&

 foLrkj & gkM+kSrh {ks= ¼dksVk&cwanh] ckjka ,oa >kykokM+½ esa foLr`r gSA
 tyok;q & ;g feV~Bh vkæZ&vfrvkæZ tyok;q çns'k esa ik;h tkrh gSA
 ;g dkyh vkSj pjukste feêh gksrh gSA
 lkekU; vk/kkj ij jktLFkku dh fefV~V;ksa dk vè;;u &
1- cyqbZ@jsrhyh e`nk %&

 miuke & 'kq"d feêh] I;klh feêh

 fuekZ.k & cyqvk iRFkj o xzsukbV ds vijnu ls
 foLrkj & if'peh 'kq"d e:LFky ¼tSlyesj] chdkusj] ckM+esj ,oa tks/kiqj½
 mRiknu & cktjk ¼lokZfèkd½ ewx
a ] eksB] Xokj] ewaxQyh] puk
 fo'ks"krk,¡ %&
 bl feêh ds d.k eksVs gksrs gS blfy, ty fjlko vfèkd gksrk gS bl dkj.k
ckj&ckj flapkbZ dh vko';drk gksrh gS] blfy, bls ÞI;klh feêhÞ dgk tkrk gSA
 bl feêh esa dSfYl;e lokZfèkd ik;k tkrk gSA
 jktLFkku esa cqybZ feêh dk foLrkj lokZfèkd gSA

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 SPRINGBOARD ACADEMY 6
Rajasthan Geography Notes

2- Hkwjh jsrhyh feêh %&

 fuekZ.k & bldk fuekZ.k cyqvk iRFkj ls ywuh csflu esa gqvk gSA
 foLrkj & tkykSj] ikyh] ukxkSj] vtesj] lhdj ,oa >qa>quw
uksV %&
 bl feêh esa eq[;r% Q‚LQsV dh vfèkdrk ikbZ tkrh gSA
3- yo.kh; feêh %&

 miuke & jsg@dYyj

 fuekZ.k & vf/kd flapkbZ okys {ks= esa Hkwfe ls yo.kh;rk dsf'kdRo izfØ;k }kjk Åij
dh vksj vk tkrh gS ftlls lQsn ijr dk fuekZ.k gksrk gSA bls Þyo.kh; feV~VhÞ
dgk tkrk gSA
 foLrkj & ckM+esj] tkykSj] Jh xaxkuxj] guqekux<+] chdkusj
 mRiknu & vukj o xUuk
4- tyks<+ feêh &

 miuke & dNkjh feêh@nkseV feêh@MsYVkbZa feêh

 fuekZ.k & bldk fuekZ.k ufn;ksa ds }kjk tek fd;s x;s volknksa ls gqvk gSA
 foLrkj & vyoj] Hkjriqj] djkSyh] èkkSyiqj] lokbZ ekèkksiqj] t;iqj] nkSlk
 mRiknu & xsgw¡ ¼lokZfèkd½ ljlks]a jkbZ ] tkS] cktjk
 fo'ks"krk,¡ %&
 tyks<+ feV~Vh lokZf/kd mitkÅ gksrh gSA
 bl feV~Vh esa iksVk'k dh ek=k vf/kd ikbZ tkrh gSA

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 SPRINGBOARD ACADEMY 7
Rajasthan Geography Notes

5- yky fpduh feêh@jsM y‚eh %&

 fuekZ.k & bldk fuekZ.k dk;kUrfjr pêkuksa ds vijnu ls gksrk gSaA

 foLrkj & ckalokM+k] Mwaxjiqj] çrkix<+] nf{k.k mn;iqj
 mRiknu & eDdk] pkoy] xUuk
uksV %&
 bl feêh dk jax yky gksus dk dkj.k Þyksgk v‚DlkbMÞ dks ekuk tkrk gSA
6- dkyh feêh %&

 miuke & diklh feêh@Tokykeq[kh feêh@jsxqj feêh@Lor% tqrkbZ okyh feêh

 fuekZ.k & ;g cslkYV pêkuksa ds vijnu ls fufeZr gksrh gSA
 foLrkj & gkMkSrh {ks= & dksVk] cwanh] ckjka] >kykokM+
 mRiknu & dikl] elkysa] lks;kchuA
uksV %&
 dkyh feêh dks pjukste~ feêh Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
 bl feêh esa Dys dh ek=k lokZfèkd gksrh gSA
 bl feêh dh tyèkkj.kk {kerk lokZfèkd gSA bl dkj.k ,d ckj flapkbZ ds ckn yEcs
le; rd flapkbZ dh vko';drk ugha gksrh gSA
7- yky&dkyh feêh %&

 foLrkj & çrkix<+] >kykokM+] fpÙkkSM+x<+] HkhyokM+k

 mRiknu & eDdk] dikl] vQhe
8- yky&ihyh feêh %&
 fuekZ.k & ty ;kstu ds dkj.k yksgk ;qä pêkuksa dk vijnu gksrk gS] ftlls
yky&ihyh feV~Vh dk fuekZ.k gksrk gSA
 foLrkj & mn;iqj] fpÙkkSM+] HkhyokM+k] vtesj] Vksd
a ] lokbZ ekèkksiqj
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 SPRINGBOARD ACADEMY 8
Rajasthan Geography Notes

C. e`nk dh leL;k &

e`nk dh leL;k

(i) vijnu (ii) yo.kh;rk (iii) lse (iv) e`nk vod"kZ

(Erosion) (Salinity) (Water Logging) (Soil Degradation)

(i) vijnu %&

 D;k & feêh ds dVko dks vijnu dgk tkrk gSA bls feêh dh ^jsx
a rh gqbZ ekSr* vFkok
^fdlku dh e`R;q* Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
 vijnu izdkj &
vijnu izdkj

ijrnkj vijnu pknjh vijnu voukfydk vijnu

dkjd & gok }kjk o"kkZ ty }kjk unh ty }kjk
lokZf/kd & if'pe jkt-esa jktlean ,oa lokZf/kd pEcy
lokZf/kd fljksgh csflu

uksV%& jktLFkku esa gok ds }kjk vijnu lokZf/kd gksrk gSA

 vijnu ds eq[; dkj.k %&
 o`+{kks dk vfrnksguA
 vR;f/kd i'kq pkj.k
 Ñf"k Hkwfe dh vR;f/kd tqrkbZ
 vijnu ds mik; %& o`+{kkjksi.k] [ksrks dh esM+canh
(ii) yo.kh;rk %&
vR;f/kd flapkbZ ds dkj.k Þdsf'kdRoÞ izfØ;k }kjk yo.k dk Hkwfe dh Åijh lrg vkdj
teuk yo.kh;rk@jsg@dYyj dgykrk gSA

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 SPRINGBOARD ACADEMY 9
Rajasthan Geography Notes

mik;

fof/k &Lianu fof/k mik;&ftIle [kknksa

dk mi;ksx
(iii) lse %&

 Hkwfe dk nynyh@vfèkd ueh ;qä gksukA

 foLrkj & guqekux<+ ¼cM+ksiy½] JhxaxkuxjA
 mik; & ;qdsfyfIVl ¼lQsn½s o`+{kks dk jksi.k vkSj QOokjk ,oa cwUn&cwUn flapkbZ
rduhd dk mi;ksx
(iv) {kkjh;rk %&

 D;k & feêh eas Ph ek=k 8 ls vfèkd gksus ij mls {kkjh;rk dh leL;k dgk tkrk
gSA
 mik; & Xokj & <+aps s dh Qly dh cqokbZ dj iqu feêh esa feyk nsuk ,oa ftIle ,oa
j‚d&Q‚LQsV [kknksa dk mi;ksxA
(v) e`nk vod"kZ.k%&

 feêh dh HkkSfrd] jklk;fud o tSfod {kerk dk ál gksukA

 mik; & tSfod moZjdksa dk mi;ksxA

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