Table of Contents

Do’s and Don’ts in the Laboratory

EXPERIMENT 1: NUCLEIC ACIDS .......................................................................................... 2

Salty Alcohol and My Saliva
Salty Alcohol and Blood
Salty Alcohol and Onion
Salty Alcohol and Banana
EXPERIMENT 2: PROTEINS ................................................................................................... 8
PPE: Project Protein Extraction (Egg)
Egg Whites like Cloud
PPE: Project Protein Extraction (Milk)
Salty Sweet
GlutBalloon (Flour)
EXPERIMENT 3: ENZYMES ...................................................................................................14
Juice Ko Enzyme
What keeps them from browning?
Bubbling Veggies
Magic Bubble
Clot for Me(lk)
EXPERIMENT 4: CARBOHYDRATES ....................................................................................20
Spit of my Sugar
Show me your true color
Parched Starch
Potato Under Quarantine: Sugar Positive
Savage Carbs
EXPERIMENT 5: LIPIDS .........................................................................................................28
Water x Oil: A Forbidden Love Story
I Second that Emulsion
Good or Bad Fat
Let’s Break Up

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DO’s and DON’Ts IN THE LABORATORY
Learning real science can be enjoyable and exciting BUT dangers might also be lurking
in many situations especially now that you will be doing the laboratory at home. So
always wear personal protective equipment (PPE) even if you are working with
materials usually seen at home. Pay attention to the safety practices that go with your
lab activities, such as handling chemicals and sharp materials. Most of all, stay safe as
you explore the “amazing chemistry in you”.

(1) Do Wear Eye Protection- Wear goggles or safety glasses to protect your eyes.
Labs contain sharp materials, caustic chemicals, vapors, open flames and other
substances that may harm your eyes.

(2) Do Practice Fire Safety- Keep your hands and arms away from the open flames,
wear safety glasses, tuck in loose clothing, and keep long hair tied back. Open flames
are necessary for experiments that involve heating, boiling and burning specimens.

(3) Do Keep Notes- Write proper laboratory procedures, observations and instructions
in a laboratory notebook. Lab notebooks help keep track of data, maintain records of
experiments and facilitate thinking.

(4) Do Wear Gloves- Protect your hands with the proper gloves for each job. Handle
hot and cold items with insulated gloves, wear latex gloves when handling biological
samples, and use chemical-resistant gloves when working with caustic chemicals.

(6) Do Wear Closed-Toed Shoes- Protect your feet from spills, hot items and heavy
objects by wearing shoes with closed toes. Sandals and other open-toed footwear leave
your feet vulnerable to burns and broken bones.

(7) Do Wear Laboratory Gowns- Protect your skin and personal clothing from
incidental contact and small splashes. This provides a removable barrier in the event
of an incident involving a spill or splash of substances.

(8) Don't Eat or Drink during the Lab- Even if you are doing the lab at home be mindful
that you are also using chemicals and non-edible substances. These can be harmful
when accidentally used or ingested.

(9) Don't Leave A Mess- Clean up spills immediately. Cover the spill with paper towels
and then wipe it up from the outside in, pushing the mess toward the center of the table,
rather than the floor. Dispose of the paper towels in a proper container. Clean up all
laboratory materials, supplies and work surfaces before leaving the lab. Make sure
Bunsen burners and other sources of heat or gas are properly turned off.

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EXPERIMENT 1: NUCLEIC ACIDS

OBJECTIVES
1. To extract DNA from biological samples and plants;

2. To determine some factors affecting DNA.

BACKGROUND
Diet is a ‘big thing’ these days because of increasing cases of obesity. Surely, you
have heard of people trying to get fit talk about carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. These
are three out of four biomolecules in our bodies. What is usually missed out? Here you
will learn about one of the nucleic acids, specifically Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA.

Nucleic acids are the least talked about biomolecule but the most fundamental
constituent of the living cell because all other biomolecules are programmed in cells.
Even the common questions about whether I have curly or straight hair, dark or fair skin,
or small or tall stature fall to these molecules. DNA is a very long molecule made up of
a chain of nucleotides. The order of these nucleotides makes organisms similar to others
of their species and yet different as individuals.

DNA can be found in every cell of every living

thing and almost everywhere on the planet.
However, we rarely come face-to-face with the
molecule, not because DNA is difficult to find or
isolate. DNA extraction is a routine procedure used
to isolate DNA from the nucleus of cells. Scientists
can buy ready-to-use DNA extraction kits. These
kits help extract DNA from particular cell types or
sample types. However, they can be expensive to
use routinely, so many labs have their methods for DNA extraction. In this experiment,
you will attempt to extract DNA from biological samples (blood, saliva) and plant
materials (onion, tomato) using different substances found at home.

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MATERIALS
Syringe (10mL) Water Saliva

Plastic cups (2pcs) Salt Fresh Chicken Blood

Measuring spoons Dishwashing liquid Onion

Dropper Fresh Pineapple juice Banana (any species)

Liquid measuring cup 70% Ethyl Alcohol

Mortar and Pestle

Toothpick

Timer

Strainer

Knife

PROCEDURE
Sample preparation:

Saliva: Take a mouthful of 40 mL water and swoosh it for two minutes. Spit out into a
plastic cup.

Blood: Measure 5 mL of fresh chicken blood. Transfer into a cup.

Onion: Cut the onion into small pieces. Get a teaspoonful and put it in a mortar.
Mechanically grind it with a pestle to break down. Put the ground onion in a cup.

Banana: Cut the banana into small pieces. Get a teaspoonful and put it in a mortar.
Mechanically grind it with a pestle to break down. Put the ground banana in a cup.

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Salty alcohol and me

1. Add one teaspoon of salt to your samples.

2. a. On a separate glass, pour 250 mL of water.

b. Add 5 tsp. of dishwashing liquid. Stir well.

c. Add 2 tsps. liquid soap solution into 1. Stir well. Separate the liquid portion using a
strainer. Wash the strainer thoroughly every after use.

3. a. Add two drops of fresh pineapple juice.

b. Stir gently using a toothpick.

4. a. Pour 2 tsps. of 70% ethyl alcohol.

b. Leave it for one minute.

5. Observe and note any changes for 1 minute, 30 minutes, and 2 hours.

Safety Since you added ethyl alcohol and dishwashing liquid to the
food products, these are no longer safe to eat.

In handling biological samples, make sure to follow the safety

protocols.

Clean-up/Disposal Syringe, Blood, and blood tainted materials are biohazard;

therefore, they should be discarded properly.

Everything else is safe to go down the drain.

The work area needs to be cleaned with soap and water; rinsed.
Use a sponge!

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DATASHEET

After 1 minute After 30 minutes After 2 hours

SALIVA

+salt + liquid soap

solution +
pineapple juice +
ethyl alcohol

BLOOD

+salt + liquid soap

solution +
pineapple juice +
ethyl alcohol

ONION

+salt + liquid soap

solution +
pineapple juice +
ethyl alcohol

BANANA

+salt + liquid soap

solution +
pineapple juice +
ethyl alcohol

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CONCLUSION

1. In the experiment, you able to extract DNA from biological samples? Plant samples?
Explain.
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2. What factors affect DNA?
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