The Executive Branch

Article VII
• Article VII, Section 1 states that the executive power shall be vested
in the President of the Philippines.

• Executive Power is defined as the power to implement laws in one

country. If the legislature’s task is to create or make laws while the
judiciary’s duty is to interpret or apply these laws, the executive
branch of the government is vested with the power to execute these
laws and make sure that they are properly implemented.
THE PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES
 THE PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES

• The president is entrusted to execute laws, and control and

administer government affairs. The president is also regarded as the
government’s chief executive officer.

• The President of the Republic of the Philippines is both the head of

government and head of state. This means that he or she holds both
governmental and ceremonial powers.

• The President is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the

Philippines.
 QUALIFICATIONS

• Section 2. No person may be elected President unless he is:

1. a natural-born citizen;
2. a registered voter;
3. able to read and write;
4. at least 40 years of age on the day of the election; and
5. a resident of the Philippines for at least 10 years immediately
preceding his or her election.
 MANNER OF ELECTION AND TERM OF OFFICE
• Section 4. The President and the Vice-President shall be elected by
direct vote of the people (the person having the highest number of
votes [plurality method] shall be elected) for a term of six years.

• The President shall not be eligible for any re-election.

• Should there be any questions pertaining to the election, the

Supreme Court shall be the one to settle questions about the
election, returns, and qualifications of these officials. The Supreme
Court serves therefore as the Presidential Electoral Tribunal.
 MANNER OF ELECTION AND TERM OF OFFICE

• In case of a tie, the candidate who will win will be chosen by the vote
of a majority of Congress (both Senate and House of
Representatives), voting separately.

• There are, however, instances when the position of president or vice

president will be vacated. This is an issue of presidential succession
and the constitution also has provisions regarding such
circumstances.
 LINE OF SUCCESSION
• The constitution provides for a line of succession in the event that
the elected President of the Philippines is not able to discharge the
duties of his office due to death, disability, or resignation. The
following is the line of succession:

• Vice President — in cases of the death, disability, or resignation of the

President
• Senate President — in cases of the death, disability, or resignation of the
President and Vice President
• Speaker of the House of Representatives — in cases of the death,
disability, or resignation of the President, Vice President, and Senate
President
Presidential Line of Succession
 LINE OF SUCCESSION
• Contrary to popular belief, the constitution doesn’t include the Chief
Justice of the Supreme Court in the President’s line of succession.

• The Congress of the Philippines is mandated to enact a law calling for

a special election three days after the vacancy in the Office of the
President and Vice President.

• Should there be a vacancy of the Office of the Vice President, the

President of the Philippines is required by the constitution to
nominate a replacement with the concurrence of Committee on
Appointments.
 POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT
• Besides the constitution, the powers of the President of the
Philippines are specifically outlined in Executive Order No. 292, s.
1987, otherwise known as the Administrative Code of 1987. The
following powers are:
1. Power of control over the executive branch
2. Ordinance power (issuance of executive orders, administrative orders,
proclamations, general or special orders, etc.)
3. Power over aliens (deportation, change of status, etc.)
4. Power of appointment (of government officials)
5. Power of general supervision over local governments
6. Other powers as may be provided by law
THE VICE-PRESIDENT OF
THE PHILIPPINES
 QUALIFICATIONS, MANNER OF ELECTION, AND TERM OF OFFICE

• Section 3, Article VI states that: “There shall be a Vice-President

who shall have the same qualifications and term of office and be
elected with, and in the same manner, as the President. He may be
removed from office in the same manner as the President.

• The Vice President of the Philippines is elected by direct vote by the

people for a term of six years, and may run for reelection once.

• The Vice-President may be appointed as a Member of the Cabinet.

Such appointment requires no confirmation.
 DUTIES OF THE VICE PRESIDENT

• The Vice-President may concurrently assume a cabinet position

should the President of the Philippines offer the former one. The
Vice-President will become a secretary concurrent to the position of
Vice-President.

• Aside from the cabinet post, the Vice-President is mandated to

assume the presidency in case of the death, disability, or resignation
of the incumbent President.
THE CABINET
 CABINET SECRETARIES

• Cabinet secretaries act as the alter ego of the President executing,

with his authority, the power of the Office of the President in their
respective departments.

• The number of cabinet secretaries varies from time to time

depending on the need of an administration. According to the
Administrative Code of 1987, the President of the Philippines may
create or dissolve any department as he sees fit.
 APPOINTMENT OF CABINET SECRETARIES

• According to the Article VII, Section 16, the President may appoint
anyone to executive departments with the consent of the
Commission on Appointments. Names of individuals nominated to
cabinet posts are submitted to the Commission on Appointments for
their consideration.
LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
 LOCAL GOVERNMENTS

• The executive branch extends beyond the national government.

According to Article X, Section 4 of the constitution, the President
of the Philippines is mandated to supervise local governments all
over the country.

• However, because of Republic Act No. 7160, otherwise known as

the Local Government Code of 1991, local governments enjoy
relative autonomy from the national government.
 POWERS OF THE LGUs

• Local government units also have the power to create its own
sources of revenue and to levy taxes, fees, and charges that shall
accrue exclusively to them.
• Each local government has its own chief executive. The following is
the list of local chief executives:
1. barangay — punong barangay (barangay chairman)
2. municipality — municipal mayor
3. city — city mayor
4. province — provincial governor
• The local chief executives have the power to approve or veto local
ordinances recommended by the local legislators.
 POWERS OF THE LGUs

Punong Barangay
• The punong barangay, as the chief executive of the barangay
government

Municipal and City Mayors

• The municipal mayor and city mayor, as the chief executive of the
municipal government and city government

Provincial Governors
• The provincial governor, as the chief executive of the provincial
government
 TERM LIMITS

• The offices of the abovementioned local chief executives are limited

to three consecutive three-year terms. Once they end their third
term, they may not run for reelection, but may run again once they
let one term pass.
References:
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