MODULE 28:

SYNTHESIS OF PHYSICAL, COGNITIVE AND SOCIO-COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT OF TODDLERS

SYNTHESIS:

Give a summary of the key characteristics of toddler's development by filling out the table below.

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
Toddlers will quickly master walking and move on to running, jumping and
climbing. Around age two, most toddlers will be able to navigate stairs, kick or throw a
ball and draw simple lines. During this time, children may still stumble frequently and be
accident prone. In this case it must be give a much attention and care to avoid accident.
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
Toddlers start to explore simple shape puzzles and nesting cups, and can
understand some size words, such as big and little. Toddlers are curious about the
world and begin to ask lots of “why” questions about their environment. Toddlers enjoy
spending time outside observing nature.
SOCIO-EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
most toddlers have started to feel emotions like fear, embarrassment, empathy,
envy, guilt and shame. It is also learning about a big new emotion or frustration. They
are likely to get frustrated and cry, yell or hit out when they don't get their way.
 LEARNER-
CENTERED PRINCIPLES
CLUSTER 1 – Principles referring to Cognitive and
Metacognitive factors
(State the relevant learner-centered principles
here)
Cognitive Development in infancy refers to
development in the wat a baby thinks and
includes his/her language, communication and
exploration skills. In this case cognitive activities
include paying attention, remembering, learning
to talk, interacting with toys and identifying faces.
Metacognitive factors are in this case his/ her
activity is most sensitive for it must give much
attention for it is prone to accident.
CLUSTER 2- Principle referring to the Motivational
and Effective Factors
(State the relevant learner-centered principle
here)
Motivational and Affective Factors Intrinsic
motivation to learn—The learner's creativity,
higher order thinking, and natural curiosity all
contribute to motivation to learn. Intrinsic
motivation is stimulated by tasks of optimal
novelty and difficulty, relevant to personal
interests, and providing for personal,
For toddlers, let them see new things and
learns from it, don't cage them inside your
home. Let them acquire knowledge by taking
them outside home but still with a proper
guidance to its parents. And also, give them
toddlers learning toys that are appropriate to
their development stage. In this case, it can
help them develop.
APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLE IN THE
TEACHING-LEARNING PROGRESS OF TODDLERS
How the principle applied in the teaching learning
process of toddlers?
Make the classroom or home environment safe
and nurturing the toddlers to learn by ensuring
their safety while they climb the stairs, jumps and
explore etc. Make the environment conductive by
talking to them, taking field trips together to the
garden, park to the bus ride. Give them toddler
learning toys to appropriate to their development
stage.
How is this principle applied in the teaching-
learning process toddlers?
Principle 7: Motivational and emotional
influences on learning
What and how much is learning is influence by
the learner's motivation. Motivation to learn, in
turn, is influence by the individual's emotional
states, beliefs, interest, goals and habits of
thinking.
Principle 8: Intrinsic motivation to learn
The learner’s creativity, higher order thinking,
and natural curiosity all contribute to motivation
to learn, Intrinsic motivation is stimulated by task
of optimal novelty and difficulty, relevant to
personal interests, and providing the personal
choice and control.
Principle 9: Effects of motivation on effort
Acquisition of complex knowledge and skills
requires extended learner effort and guided
practice. Without learner’s motivation to learn,
the willingness to exert this effort is unlikely
without coercion.
CLUSTER 3: Principles referring Development and
Social Factors
(State the relevant learner-centered principle
here)
Developmental and Social Factors Social
influences on learning—Learning is
influenced by social interactions,
interpersonal relations, and communication
with others.
Give them material that is appropriate to their
developmental level and also materials that is
presented in an enjoyable and interesting way.
In that way, it can catch its attention and help
them learn in a best way. Also, parental
interaction or two-way communications
between parents and toddlers can influence
these developmental areas.
CLUSTER 4: Principles referring to individual
Different Factors
(State the relevant learner-centered principle
here)
Parents should be sensitive to the toddlers'
preferences for how they learn and the pace at
which they learn. Make a great or better
choice of toddler’s instructional material to
give them in which their development is in
better way or that are good for their
learning’s.
Individual Differences Factor Individual
differences in learning. Learners have
different strategies, approaches, and
capabilities for learning that are a function of
prior experience and heredity.
How is this principle applied in the teaching-
learning process of the toddler?
Principle 10:
Developmental influence on learning
As individuals develop, they encounter different
opportunities and experience different
constraints for learning. Learning is most effective
when differential development within and across
physical, intellectual, emotional, and social
domains is taken into account.
Principle 11: Social influences on learning
Learning influenced by social interactions,
interpersonal relations, and communication with
others.
How is this principle applied in teaching learning
process of toddlers?
Principle 12: Individual differences in learning
Learners have different strategies, approaches
and capabilities for leaning that are a function of
prior experience and heredity.
Principle 13: Learning and Diversity
Learning is most effective when differences in
learners’ linguistic, cultural and social
backgrounds are taken into account.
Principle 14: Standard and Assessment
Setting appropriately high and challenging
standards and assessing the learner and learning
progress- including diagnostic, process and
outcome assessment- are integral parts of the
learning process.