YAVIRAC ENGLISH CENTER

García Moreno S4-35 y Ambato, C

entro Histórico de Quito Distrito Metropolitano de Quito

PORTADA:

ENGLISH BOOKLET

A2.1

AUTHORS:
PAOLA TONATO

ALEJANDRA HERNÁNDEZ

EDISON LÓPEZ

CYCLE II-2020

Revised and edited by : Carmen Alicia Moncayo

June 23, 2020
 CONTENTS
GRAMMAR VOCABULARY READING LISTENING SPEAKING Writing LESSON

Unit 1  Countable/
Uncountable
 Food and drink Reading: “The
raven who stole
Listen to Jamie In pairs: asking
questions
Writing a 1A: page 1
1B: page 3
Let’s eat nouns  Servings and the food” composition 1C: page 5
together  Quantifiers containers 1D: page 8
 There was/ There
were
Unit 2  Simple past
 Simple past
 Inventions
 Life stages
Reading: “Thomas
Edison”
Listen to Maggie Sharing with
classmates my last
Writing a 2A: page 10
2B: page 12
When I questions vacation letter 2C: page 14
was 2D: page 15
young…

Unit 3  Comparatives and

superlatives
 Adjectives:
personality,
Reading: “The
football game”
Listen to New
Year’s resolutions
Describe a family
member
Writing a 3A: page 16
3B page 19
My best  Verb patterns appearance, description 3C page 20
friend  Resolutions 3D page 22

Unit 4  Have to
 Be going to
 Means of
transportation
Reading: “My daily
routine”
Listen to a
conversation about
Describe a
vacation you took
Writing a Blog 4A: page 23
4B: page 25
I love vacation. by yourself 4C: page 28
vacation!  Vacation Activities 4D: page 30

Unit 5  Present Perfect  Entertainment

Reading: “Job
interviews”
Listen a dialogue
“choosing a good
Asking your
classmates the Writing a Post
5A: page 31
5B: page 33
Experience  Present Perfect  Places of a City restaurant for my given questions Card 5C: page 36
and Simple Past birthday” 5D: page 37

Revised and edited by : Carmen Alicia Moncayo June 23, 2020

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Unit 1: Let’s eat together

LESSON 1A
Vocabulary: Food
1. Match the words with the photos.

( ) Lamb ( ) Salmon
( ) Orange ( ) Cheese
( ) Grapes ( ) Lemon
( ) Butter ( ) Tomato
( ) Bread ( ) Milk
( ) Mushrooms ( ) Beef
( ) Pasta ( ) Onion
( ) Cucumber ( ) Eggs
( ) Rice ( ) Potato
( ) Chicken ( ) Pear
( ) Carrot ( ) Flour
( ) Sugar ( ) Prawns

2. Name of the food.

1. _______________

2. _______________

3. _______________

4. _______________

5. _______________

Grammar: Countable and uncountable noun

 Most nouns are countable. They can be singular or plural.
A student two students
 Uncountable nouns only have a singular form.
There was water There was milk.
 Some nouns may be countable in your language but uncountable in English.
Hair information money news advice luggage
Accommodation furniture paper fruit rain
 For generalizations, use the plural of the countable nouns.
I like cats.

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1. Write C for countable nouns and write U for uncountable nouns.

1 beef ......
2 laptop ......
3 work ......
4 ruler ......
5 bag ......
6 tea ......
7 bread ......

2. Complete the chart with the words. Write the plural of the countable nouns

Homework friend car jewelry shirt bread oil email work time
laptop photo knowledge party farmer chocolate bicycle nurse film
ice love strawberry grass paper mistake burger traffic

COUNTABLE UNCOUNTABLE

Singular Plural form

Listening: Eating Out

1. (track7) Listen and answer the questions.

a) What do Becky, Jaime and Alex want to do?

___________________________________________

b) Why is it a special day for Lauren?

___________________________________________

c) What did Jamie and Alex forget to do?

____________________________________________

d) What did Becky do?

___________________________________________

2. (track8) Listen and look at the menu.

Tick what the friends order

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LESSON 1B
Vocabulary: drink and containers
1. Match the food and drink with the containers. Some can go in more than one category.
Cheese orange juice water rice frozen chips biscuits pasta oil sweets
beans lemonade ketchup sugar milk tomatoes cornflakes
frozen peas

2. Complete the shopping list with these words.

bottles | cans | cartons | cornflakes | frozen chips | oil | packets

Shopping List
2 1 ____________of biscuits
2 2 ____________ of orange juice
a bottle of 3 ____________
3 4 ____________ of tomatoes
a large bag of 5 ____________
a packet of 6 ____________
2 7 ____________ of lemonade

Grammar: Talking about quantity

Countable nouns Uncountable nouns
Use a lot in positive and negative sentences. Use a lot in positive and negative
A LOT OF people sentences.
A LOT OF pollution
I don’t do a lot of exercises There are a lot of pollution.
Use some in positive sentences. Use some in positive sentences.
SOME cars SOME water
There were some cars There was some water

A FEW boats A LITTLE danger

Use any with negative and questions Use any with negative and questions
ANY students ANY milk
Use many with countable nouns. Use much with uncountable nouns.
MANY rooms

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HOW MUCH sugar was there in the

cabinet?

1. Complete the sentences with some or any.

1 Oh no! We haven’t got ................. sugar.
2 There are ................. potatoes in the kitchen.
3 There is ................. milk in the fridge.
4 There aren’t ................. apples in the bag.
5 Is there ................. pasta in your diet?
6 There is ................. money in my bag.
7 Are there ................. vegetables in the cupboard?
8 Is there ................. food on the table?
9 There isn’t ................. fruit in the bowl.
10 There is ................. old furniture in my room.
2. Complete the dialogue with the words below. There is one extra word.

How many | How much | much | Not many | lot | Quite a lot

JenHi Max! I’m at the supermarket. Are you in the kitchen?

Max Yes, I am.
JenGood. 1...................... eggs have we got?
Max 2...................... . Only two.
JenOK. 3...................... cheese is there?
Max A 4...................... .
JenGood. And how many bananas are there?
Max 5...................... .There are six.
JenOK, thanks Paul. See you later!

3. Choose the correct words.

a. I love my town because there are a lot of / enough / much parks and there aren’t much / many
/ lots cars.
b. We’d got a lot of / much / many chicken, but there wasn’t many / a lot / much rice.
c. Have we got much / enough / many eggs to make cupcakes?
d. There was too many / much / enough sugar in this coffee! How many / any / much sugar did
you take?
e. I didn’t get enough / many / a money to buy those boots.
f. There were too much / many / lots people and there weren’t much / some / enough chairs!
Speaking:
1. Work in pairs, A and B. Find out about your partner’s weekend. Ask and answer questions
and tick ( ✓ ) the correct columns for your partner.
Student A Student B
A How many video games did you play on Sunday? B How many video games did you play on Saturday?
B Not many. I didn’t have time! A Not many. I don’t have time!
How much? How many? How much? How many?
a lot some not any a lot some not any
video games ...... ...... ..✓.. video games ...... ...... ..✓..
time at the gym ...... ...... ...... time in bed ...... ...... ......
burgers ...... ...... ...... apples ...... ...... ......
milk ...... ...... ...... coffee ...... ...... ......
text message ..... ...... ...... e-mails ...... ...... ......

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LESSON 1C
Reading
The raven who stole food

I n the beginning there was no light in the house, because an old magician kept it hidden in a box inside
his house.
Raven, who was always hungry, didn’t like the darkness because it was difficult to find food. One day
he was looking for food near the old magician’s house. He heard a voice saying, “There is a box, and
inside this box is another box, and inside this there is another box, and inside the smallest box is all the
light in the house.” Raven decided to steal the light.

Raven waited until the old man’s daughter went down to the river to collect water. Just as she was dipping
her basket into the river, he changed himself into a hemlock needle. The needle floated into her basket.
When the girl drank some water, she swallowed Raven
too.
Inside the girl’s belly there was the Raven taking the
form of a human baby. He grew and grew, and in time
she gave birth to a funny looking child with black eyes
and a big nose. The old man loved his grandson so
much that he gave in to the child’s every wish. Raven
became spoilt and greedy. He was bored with all his
toys and wanted to play with the box that held the
light. Finally, the grandfather opened the box and
tossed the glowing ball of light to Raven.
As soon as Raven caught the light, he immediately
changed into his bird form. Holding the light in his
beak, It flew up where there was a hole. The magician was angry. He flew after Raven, but, The raven
escaped.
At night It appears to eat the food in the fridge. On the top of the kitchen there were cupboards where
there were biscuits. There was milk that disappeared the next day. One day the magician realized
someone was taking his food and decided to leave none in the kitchen. At night there wasn’t milk, there
wasn’t beef, no fruit, neither vegetables. The raven was very thin and thirsty until one day he disappeared
from earth.

1. Choose true or false

a. The magician kept the light in a box. ( )
b. The old man’s daughter was pregnant. ( )
c. The baby was handsome. ( )
d. The magician mistreated the baby boy. ( )
e. There was milk in the house. ( )
f. The raven die. ( )
2. Answer the following questions
a. Was there the light in the house? _____________________________________________________________
b. Where did the magician keep the light? ________________________________________________________
c. Why didn’t raven like the darkness? ___________________________________________________________
d. What did the raven change himself into? _______________________________________________________
e. What did the raven do when he had the light? ___________________________________________________
f. What did raven take from the cupboard? _______________________________________________________
g. Was there yogurt in the fridge? _______________________________________________________________
h. Were there carrots in the house? _____________________________________________________________

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Grammar: There was / there were

Positive Questions:
There was paper in the house. Was there any information? No, there wasn’t
There were chairs in the class. Were there some churches many years ago? No,
there were

Negative: Wh-questions
There wasn’t any juice on the table. Where was there a museum?
There weren’t any lemons in the fridge. What were there inside the house?

1. Complete with there was or there were.

1. ________ a birthday cake.

2. _________ a lot of people in New York.
3. ________ music at their party?
4. ________ any money in her wallet.
5. ________ a music festival in your town?
6. ________any chocolate biscuits.

2. This is a very famous place in

London called Piccadilly Circus. The
photo was taken in 1896. Look at the
photo and choose the correct option.
1.______________hundreds of people.
2. _____________a double-decker bus.
3.______________ many horse-drawn
4.______________a lot of traffic.
5. ______________any zebra crossing
6. _____________some old buildings.
7. ____________a flag on top of the
building on the left.

3. Complete the sentences with "there was" or "there were" in the affirmative, the negative or interrogative.

a._______________ a lot of rubbish in the bin?

b. Did you see famous people in the cinema? -No, _________any famous people.
c. _______________ an actor in the restaurant.
d. _______________a plastic cup on the table?
e. Did you buy any milk? -No, __________ any milk in the shop.

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LESSON 1D
Writing: A composition

My greatest invention
About 5000 years ago in ancient Egypt, thousands of people were building pyramids for their King. At
that time there was no machine. So, how could they create such splendid pyramids? How
could they create such a miracle? Well, the answer is the wheel. Wheel makes everything
possible.
Wheel is the greatest invention “wheel is so common that everybody takes it for granted.
Actually, wheel has been playing an important role in every aspect of people’s life from
antiquity to today. As everyone knows, wheel makes traveling much easier. In ancient
time, people travelled on foot. It wasted too much time. People often felt very tired. And also, I think
it’s a damage to the shoes. Don’t you think so? Then a clever man thought of the wheel and the horse.
He put them together, and the first cart was born. When the Industrial Revolution began, more and
more vehicles sprang up. You can see cars shuttling on the road. You can see trains running on the
rail. You can even see some planes hovering in the sky. Wheel’s important role is not only in traveling,
but also in industry. With the wheel’s help, the crane can lift many heavy things at one time. In
factory, you can find gears (toothed wheels) in every machine. Gears are so essential that we can’t
work efficiently without them. Wheel is also closely linked with our daily life. With the development
of technology, talented people make full use of the wheel. They invent many household electrical
appliances to improve our living standard, such as washing machine, air conditioner and microwave
oven. All of these have improved people’s life dramatically.

My dear friends, what if without wheels? We all can’t imagine. Right? Now you must understand why
I think the wheel is the greatest invention. Aristotle once said, “give me a lever, I can lever up the
earth.” Today I can also say, “give me a wheel, I can change the world!”

1. Read and answer the following sentences.

a. What was his favourite invention? ______________________________________________
b. Are we using this invention nowadays? __________________________________________
c. What People can do with this invention? _________________________________________

Paragraphs which give readers specific information about the topic. Details.

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PREPARE: a composition about food you eat in special days in your country.

Plan your ideas

_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
__________________________
__________________________

2. After thinking about your favorite dishes. Write the introduction, body and conclusion of the
composition.

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Unit 2: When I was young…

LESSON 2A
Vocabulary: Inventions
1. Look and label the pictures by using the words inside the box.

hair brush shower electric razor dishwasher food processor

juicer toaster vacuum cleaner sewing machine lawnmower sprinkler

2. Read the definitions and write the name of the inventions in exercise 1.
a. A device that works to trim away body hair. ___________________________
b. An electrical device used for making toast. ___________________________
c. Similar to a blender in many ways. ___________________________
d. A machine that washes dishes automatically. ___________________________
e. A brush for smoothing and styling hair ___________________________
Grammar: Simple Past: Affirmative and negative

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IRREGULAR VERBS

Rules:

Affirmative and negative sentences

Affirmative Negative (didn’t)

Subject + Verb in past + Complement Subject + didn’t + Verb + Complement

She lived in Quito. She didn’t live in Quito.

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Henry brought a birthday present. Henry didn’t bring a birthday present.

1. Write the verbs into past.

PRESENT PAST PRESENT PAST

travel __________________ copy __________________
discover __________________ say __________________
run __________________ fall __________________
laugh __________________ stop __________________
cry __________________ write __________________

2. Complete the sentences in simple past using the verbs in parentheses.

a. I ______________ (not/drink) any beer last night.
b. She ___________ (get on) the bus in downtown.
c. They ___________ (not/change) trains at Victoria.
d. We _____________ (wake up) very late.
e. He ______________ (receive) £300 when his uncle died.

3. Change the sentences into negative, use simple past.

a. I phoned Lucy last night. → I ________________ Lucy last night.
b. You tidied up your room. → You ______________ up your room.
c. Olivia became an actress. → Olivia _____________ an actress.
d. We found the treasure. → We _________________ the treasure.
e. He spoke Spanish. → He _______________ Spanish.

Lesson 2B
Vocabulary: Life stages

1. Complete the sentences with the vocabulary box.

a. My sister is a __________, she was born last month.
b. That ___________ woman paid the bill, I think she is 80 years old.
c. Erika was a ___________, when she played with her dolls.

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d. I started walking at 2 years old, when I was a ______________.

e. Your ___________ mom sang at my party; I guess she is 55 years old.
2. Match the pictures with the correct name.

toddler child elderly baby young adult

Listening
1. Listen to the audio 2B and choose the correct answers to the questions.
a. When did Maggie fly to Puerto Rico?
a) July 23th b) August 4th c) July 22nd

b. Who was worried on the plane?

a) Maggie b) Pablo c) his friend

c. When did Maggie meet her host family?

a) July 23th b) August 4th c) July 22nd

d. What language did Pablo and Sonia speak?

a) English b) Puerto Rican c) Spanish

e. Maggie felt _____________ because she didn’t understand them.

a) excited b) frustrated c) exhausted

2. Listen again and decide if the sentences are True (T) or False (F).
a. Maggie was worried on the plane. T F
b. Pablo and Sonia weren’t friendly. T F
c. Charlie’s Spanish was good, so he wasn’t frustrated. T F
d. Maggie and Charlie weren’t homesick after the first few days. T F
e. Maggie wasn’t glad she went to Puerto Rico. T F

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Lesson 2C
Reading
Thomas Edison
Thomas Alva Edison was probably the greatest inventor who ever lived, though at school he never did
really well. In fact, he went to the bottom of his class and stayed at the bottom for three months. Shortly
after, at the age of 12, he left school and never went back! His first job was selling newspapers on trains,
and later, at the age of 16, he got a job working in a telegraph office. Not all of Edison’s inventions were
successful. In fact, his first one was a failure. Many that followed, however, were spectacular successes
and Edison became famous. Most people regard him as a genius.

Edison worked hard all his life, often working all night in his laboratory, and would not come home for
days at a time. When asked what makes a genius he said, "Genius is 99% perspiration and 1%
inspiration." Edison married his first wife, Mary Stilwell, when he was 24. She was only 16 at the
time. The story goes that he tapped out his proposal to her in Morse code on a gas-pipe: "Will you
marry me?" "I will"came the reply, also in Morse code.

Mary died when Edison was 37 years old and two years later he married his second wife, Mina
Miller. Although most of the inventions which made Edison famous were made in the first half of his
life, Edison continued to work and invent till he was over 70, often working 16 hours a day! During his
long and productive life Edison made 1,300 inventions. Edison died on October 18, 1931, at the age of
84. America and the world mourned his passing.

1. Read the text and decide if the following sentences are true or false.
a. Edison sometimes worked longer than 12 hours a day. T F
b. Edison knew Morse code, but Mary Stilwell didn’t. T F
c. Edison returned to his old school after becoming famous. T F
d. Mina Miller became Edison’s wife 2 years after Mary died. T F
e. Edison made his greatest inventions before he was 42. T F

Grammar: Simple Past: Yes/No questions and Information questions

Yes/No questions Information questions

Did + Subject + Verb + Complement + ? Wh-q + did + Subject + Verb + Complement + ?

Did she live in Quito? Where did she live?

Did Henry bring a birthday present? What did Henry bring?

1. Complete the questions with the information in the parentheses.

a. (you/dance) ________________ at the party last night?
b. (she/do) ______________ her homework?
c. (Robert/work) ______________ at the post office?

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d. (they/help) ______________ you with the washing-up?

e. When (I/say) ______________ that?
2. Make Yes/No questions.
a. He brought his friend. ______________________________________________________?
b. Peter stayed out late. ______________________________________________________?
c. He ate his toast. ______________________________________________________?
d. They drove to Denver. ______________________________________________________?
e. Susan bought a new toaster. ___________________________________________________?

3. Read the sentences and write informative questions.

a. The tornado destroyed this city in 2004.
When _____________________________________________?
b. He slept at his friend's home.
Where ____________________________________________?
c. She cut a piece of paper.
What _____________________________________________?
d. He went to bed at 12.00.
What time _________________________________________?
e. They came home by car.
How ______________________________________________?

Lesson 2D
Writing: Let’s write a letter.
Parts of a friendly letter

Exercise
1. Write a friendly letter to a penfriend that
is in another country, explain him or her an
adventure you had on your last holidays.

Speaking:

1. Imagine you were on vacation with your friends, tell your partner the activities you did.
Use simple past to express your ideas.

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Unit 3: My best friend

Lesson 3A
Vocabulary: Adjectives

1. Look at the pictures and label each with the correct adjective from the WORD BANK.

sad helpful angry crazy funny respectful smart

lonely shy lazy selfish clumsy generous
talkative loud quiet happy friendly proud
brave

a. b. c. d. e.

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f. g. h. i. j.

k. l. m. n. o.

p. q. r. s. t.

2. Look up in the crossword puzzle for the words provided in the word bank.

b e a u t i f u l x a b c
d e f g h j k l m n o p f
s f r q t h s h y l o a r
c h o n e s t v z d s h i
f b c e f y u r t p m t e
r o p a u s t d c v a i n
e f r t n w l w i q r k d
s z u r n o n a n o t i l
p g a g y x c w z j g l y
WORD SEARCH BANK e s e l b w u i k y a m j
beautiful helpful lazy c g u t h r c e u b g u q
smart friendly honest t s o w d w z r p i o p u
good crazy respectful f j r o g x v t a m k j h
funny shy happy
u z x y d l s e l z a e a
l m g a g a g o o j y r p
s a e t a n g a i s i u p
h q h e l p f u l i l k y

3. Fill in the gaps.

a. Anne is constantly on the phone. She's so ____________________.

b. Still in bed at lunch-time! Come on! Get up! You are a __________________boy.
c. Be careful while placing the plates in the cupboard! You're so ____________________.
d. Don't just think of yourself, that's so ____________________.

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e. I love Anna! She makes friends very easily, she's very ____________________.

Grammar: Comparatives and Superlatives

a. Complete the sentences using the comparative form.

a. It´s too noisy here. Can we go to a _____________ (quiet) place?
b. The hotel was ________________ (big) than the one we stayed in last year.
c. Your work is __________ (good) than mine.
d. The accident could have been ____________ (bad) than it was.
e. I was ________________ (nervous) in my exam yesterday than Mark.

b. Complete the sentences using the superlative form.

a. It´s a very nice house. It´s _________________ (nice) house in the street.
b. This is a cheap restaurant. It´s _________________ (cheap) I´ve ever been.
c. It was a very valuable painting. I´m sure it was _________________ (valuable) painting in the gallery.
d. She´s a very good tennis player. Her trainer says she is _________________ (good).
e. He´s a very dangerous criminal. The police says he is _________________ (dangerous) in the country.

c. Choose the correct answer.

a. Luisa’s work is _______________ mine.
a.- gooder than b.- better than c.- the best
b. Dogs are ____________ cats.
a.- the faithfulest b.- more faithful than c.- faithfuler than
c. My English homework was _____________ yours.
a.- worst than b.- worse than c.- badder than
d. I can swim _____________ my brother.
a.- more fast than b.- the fastest c.- faster than

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e. Please give me ______________ box.

a.- the smallests b.- the smaller c.- the smallest

Lesson 3B
Reading
The Football Game
Yesterday my brother and I went to see a football game. We watched our two favourite teams, the
Eagles and the Hawks. It was the second week of the season and the day was much colder than the
week before. We arrived at the stadium at 11:30 am, which is a little earlier than usual. We were excited
because I love the Hawks and he loves the Eagles.
The seats were good, but I wanted something closer to the field. However, we sat and enjoyed the
game. Well, we enjoyed it until we started arguing. My brother and I both think our team is better than
the other team. He always says to me that the Eagles are faster, stronger, and smarter than the Hawks.
I never agree. On this day, he was wrong. The Hawks played a lot better than the Eagles. They looked
stronger and tougher than the Eagles. The won by 15 points.
One thing I didn’t like was that the food and drinks were much more expensive than other places, and
tasted much worse. I was surprised that a hot dog cost $7, which is more expensive than the $3 I pay
outside the stadium. Also, the hot dog was smaller than normal hot dogs. So I was a little sad about my
meal, but I planned to get something tastier after the game.
Driving home, I talked about how much better my team was than the Eagles. My brother was getting
angry, and I noticed he was driving a lot faster than usual. We were lucky he didn’t crash. Finally, he
saw a police car so he started to drive slower. We arrived home around 7:00 pm, which is later than
normal. Usually we get home at about 6:00 pm.
Overall, it was a great day. I love going to the game with my brother. Even though we argue, I wouldn’t
want to watch the game with anyone else!

1. Read the story and choose the best answer to these questions.
a. Who won the game?
Hawks
Eagles
b. How much did a hot dog cost?
$7
$3
$4
c. What time did they arrive home?
1:30 pm
6:00 pm
7:00 pm
d. What is the brother’s favourite team?
Eagles
Hawks

Vocabulary: Resolutions
save money buy a house go to the gym start a good habit stop smoking
find love make friends eat healthy help others find a better job

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1. Match the pictures with the resolutions.

eat healthy food stop smoking find a better job save money go to the gym

2. Complete the ideas.

a. ____________ a good habit d. ____________ friends
b. ____________ others e. ____________ a house
c. ____________ love

Lesson 3C
Listening
Listen to the audio 3C about New Year’s Resolutions and decide who does the following things:

a. __________ enjoys saying “Happy New Year”.

b. __________ has a problem with her website.
c. __________ recommends somebody to help Olivia.
d. __________ offers to fix the web page.
e. __________ isn’t happy that her boyfriend is going to fix the web page.
f. __________ wants to ask somebody out on a date.
g. __________ is the last person to arrive at the café.

1. Listen again and match the two parts to make common expressions.
a. Let’s ______ there!
b. Oh ______ the problem?
c. Shut ______ please!
d. What’s ______ know!
e. Hello ______ up?
f. What’s ______ up!
g. You ______ on!
h. Go ______ wait.

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Grammar: Verb patterns

Examples:
I prefer find a new job.
She decides go to the gym.
We want eat healthy food.
They need to stop smoking.
He feels happy buy a house.
It’s easy help others.
Nancy went to the bank to save money.

1. Complete the sentences with the verbs in the box by using infinitives.

get up redecorate post look for meet

a. We decided ______________ the children's bedrooms.

b. Every morning I have to force my son ____________ for school.
c. Terry has decided ______________ a new job.
d. It's Tom's birthday today. Did you remember _______________ his card?
e. The teacher told the students _______________ at the station at 9 a.m.

2. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.

a. Dan enjoys _____________ science fiction.
reading to read
b. He asked _________ to the store manager.
talking to talk
c. I miss ______________ in the travel industry. Maybe I can get my old job back.
working to work
d. Where did you learn ______________ Spanish? Was it in Spain or in Latin America?
speaking to speak
e. Do you mind ______________ me translate this letter?
helping to help

3. Write 5 New Year resolutions.

a. ___________________________________________________
b. ___________________________________________________
c. ___________________________________________________
d. ___________________________________________________
e. ___________________________________________________

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Lesson 3D
Writing: A Description
MY BEST FRIEND Title

Introduction

Body

1. Write a description about your best friend, use the information above as guide.

Speaking
1. Record a video with one of your family members, describe him/her by using the vocabulary and
grammar learned in this unit.

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Unit 4: I love vacations!

Lesson 4A
Grammar: Have to
We often use have to to say that something is obligatory,
For example:
Children have to go to school.
Sara has to go to the hospital

Note that we can use that have to expression in all tenses, for example: he has to, he
had to, he has had to, he will have to

Have to / Has to = it is necessary

Don't have to / Doesn't have to = it isn't necessary

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES SUBJECT MODAL VERB EXAMPLES

I have to clean my room.
I clean You have to get a new book.
affirmative sentences you
have to get We have to pick up the
(+) we pick up laundry.
they have They have to have a
NECESSITY: eat notebook.
have to/has to he go He has to eat dinner now.
means it is necessary. she has to work She has to go to work now.
it It has to work.

NEGATIVE SENTENCES SUBJECT MODAL VERB EXAMPLES

I don't have to work on
I
you work Saturday.
negative sentences don't have to You don't have to do that.
we do
(-)
they clean We don't have to clean the car.
eat They don't have to eat pizza.
LACK OF NECESSITY: work He doesn't have to
don't have to/doesn't have to he go work tomorrow.
means it is not necessary. she doesn't have to be She doesn't have to go today.
You have a choice. it
It doesn't have to be that way.

QUESTIONS DO SUBJECT MODAL VERB EXAMPLES

Do I have to clean my
clean
room?
get
I Do you have to get a
pick up
questions you new book?
Do have to have
(?) we Do we have to pick
eat
they up the laundry?
go
Do they have to have a
work
notebook?

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Does he have to
he eat dinner now?
Does she Does she have to go to
it work now?
Does it have to work?

Exercise 1: Read the following situations and fill in the gaps with "have to" or "has to"

1. They __________plan their vacation

2. She _________________buy a ticket.
3. Ken and Liz ____learn English words.
4. Andy ______save money for his trip.
5. We _____________________pack.
6. He _________________get a map.
7. I ______________buy sunscreen.
8. You ______________take photos.
9. Victoria __________book a hotel.
10. I ________make tour reservations.

Exercise 2: Choose the right answer.

1. When you make pizza, you ___ add some pizza sauce.
a) have to b) has to c) don't have to d) doesn't have to
2. You also ___ put some cheese on top of the pizza.
a) has to b) don't have to c) doesn't have to d) have to
3. You ___ add peppers on your pizza, but you can if you want to.
a) have to b) has to c) don't have to d) doesn't have to
4. A good pizza ___ taste good.
a) have to b) has to c) don't have to d) doesn't have to
5. So, you ___ choose the pizza toppings that you like best.
a) have to b) has to c) don't have to d) doesn't have to

Exercise 3: Have to has to exercise. Choose the right forms “have to” or “has to” to complete the following
sentences in English.

1.-She ______ pass the driving test.

2.-I ________ tidy up my room.
3.-She _______ feed her dog in the morning.
4.-I ________ do my housework at the weekend.
5.-Bob and Tom ________ finish their essays

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Reading 1
MY DAILY ROUTINE

My name's Julia, and I am 27 years old. I live in London but I’m German. I live with my boyfriend and
we are very happy. I work in a bank and I love my job. From Monday to Friday, my day starts very
early. I always get up at 6:30 and I have a 20-minute shower. Then, I get dressed and comb my hair.
At 07:00 a.m I have breakfast, I usually have coffee and cereal. After that, I put on my make up and go
to work. At 10:00 a.m., I sometimes have a snack and at 12:00 I usually have lunch at the office with
my colleagues. They are wonderful people who have a good sense of humor, and they are good friends
too. At 3:30 I have a snack again; I usually have some tea and biscuits.
On Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday I go to the gym after work. When I get home, I have a shower
again, I prepare dinner and I watch TV for a while. I like to go to bed as soon as possible, around 9:30.
Thursday is different because I don't go to the gym. I go out with my boyfriend every Thursday. We
sometimes go to the cinema or we go out for dinner and to have a drink.
My boyfriend's name is Daniel, he is 31 years old, and he's an architect. He likes cooking but he doesn't
like cleaning the house, so we share the housework. His family is from Spain. He has two brothers
and no
sisters. We have been a couple for six years. And we have been living together for two years.
On Friday night I always go out with my friends, we sometimes go to a bar and sometimes we meet
at a
friend’s house, but I can't be home late because I have to get up early on Saturday to clean the house.
At the weekend, I always visit my parents and I often visit my grandparents, too.

Read the sentences and choose True or False, pay attention to the use of have to and has to:

1.-Julia has to get up at 6:30 on Tuesdays. True False

2.-In the morning, Julia has to put on her makeup and after that, she has breakfast. True False
3.-She has to go out with her boyfriend on Thursday night. True False
4.-Julia has to go home very late on Friday. True False
5.-Julia has to take the bus on Mondays

Lesson 4B
Vocabulary: Means of transportation

subway car train bus airplane subway

Exercise 1: Choose the correct means of transportation with the chart above

1.-In England you can drive a ____when you're 17

2.-Can we get a ____from here to Cambridge?
3.-Jim used to have a bicycle but he has just bought a_______
4.-They went all the way from Paris to London by _______.
5.-The_______is a very popular public transit system in London.

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Exercise 2: Draw a line to match means of transportation to its correspondent picture:

1.-TRAIN a)

2.-MOTORCYCLE b)

3.-BUS c)

4.-BIKE d)

5.-AIRPLANE e)

Vocabulary 2: Vacation Activities

Exercise 1.-Read all the activities you can do in vacation, make a list of 5 activities you like doing in your
free time, write down in your notebook.

Exercise 2: Read the following letter and complete the blank spaces with the words in the box
below:

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Vacation museum Take photos seaside grill forest

sunbathe hiking swim car mountains hotel

A great summer vacation!

I just returned from the greatest summer 1)________! It was so fantastic, I never wanted it to end. I spent eight
days in Europe. My best friends, Henry and Steve, went with me. We made reservations in a beautiful
2)_______in the city, and it wasn’t even expensive. We had a balcony with a wonderful view.
We visited many famous touristic places. My favorite was the Louvre, a well-known 3)________. I was always
interested in art, so that was a special treat for me, I 4)________ with my camera to show them to my mother.
We also decided to rent a 5)______ so we could travel from one place to another without spending money.
We travelled to the 6)_________as we were told that Europe has the most beautiful trees. We also went to the
7)_______ as my friends wanted to spend time in the beach, 8)___________in the sand. The French food we ate
was delicious. One of the restaurant even let us have a barbecue and 9)_________ hamburgers. Steve’s favorite
part of the vacation was to go 10)_______ in the mountains, he's an explorer. He said he would be happy to
move to Europe. We had so much fun that we’re already talking about our next vacation!
Listening 1
Listen again the recording and answer the questions.

1. The woman wants to ____________ on Monday.

a) go to the lake
b) visit the city park
c) walk along the river

2. The man doesn't want to go because he ___________________.

a) wants to see a movie instead
b) is worried about the sun
c) is busy with work

3. On Tuesday, the woman suggests _________________________.

a) visiting an art museum
b) driving in the mountains
c) going for a bike ride

4. On Wednesday, the woman to _______________________.

a) have a barbecue
b) go fishing
c) catch a movie

5. On Friday or Saturday, the woman would like to ____________.

a) go shopping for clothing
b) play games at home
c) have a nice picnic

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Lesson 4C
Grammar: Be going to

Be going to is used to express the intention that a person has to carry out a certain activity in the more or
less near future. The decision to carry out this activity has been made at some point in the past.

VERB
SUBJECT AUXILIARY GOING TO EXAMPLES
(INFINITIVE)

I Am I'm going to swim at the beach.

You Are You're going to swim at the beach

He He's going to swim at the beach.

She Is She's going to swim at the beach.

GOING TO swim

It It's going to swim at the beach.

We We're going to swim at the beach.

You Are You're going to swim at the beach.

They They're going to swim at the beach.

 You can also use be going to talk in affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences,
for example:

Affirmative: SHE IS GOING TO RUN.

Negative: SHE IS NOT GOING TO RUN.
Interrogative: IS SHE GOING TO RUN?
 Take into account that when you use be going to in an interrogative sentence, the verb goes
before the subject (Verb to be + subject + to+ infinitive).

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Exercise 1: Fill the blank with the correct form of be going to:

I am hot. ___________________have a shower.

He is thirsty. ___________________have a drink.

They are bored. __________ ____watch television.

My sister is ill._____________take some tablets.

You are hungry.______________get some food.

It is very cold. ______________________snow.

I have got a toothache. ________see the dentist.

It's dark. They can't see.________turn on the light.

Exercise 2: Complete with be going to

1.- He __________ buy a car. 2.-It __________eat the green grass 3.-It __________ rain.

4.-We _______ go out for a walk. 5.-You________ ride a horse.

Exercise 3: Complete the sentences by using future.

Future: intentions and predictions

1.-I ____________________sleep.

2.-You __________________ win.

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3.-He___________________have a bath.

4.-She __________________ play.

5.-It _____________________rain.

Speaking:
My last Vacation
Describe a vacation you took by yourself or with family and friends. Where did you go and what did you
do? What did you enjoy most about the trip?

Lesson 4D
Writing a Blog
A blog is a type of website where the content is presented in
reverse chronological order (newer content appear first). Blog
content is often referred to as entries or “blog posts”.
Blogs are typically run by an individual or a small group of
people to present information in a conversational style.

Now it is your turn! Write a Blog explaining where will you go on your next
vacation and what will you do. Remember to use the structures learned in this
unit ( have to and be going to). Ex: On my next vacation I am going to hike mount
Everest, in order to do this, I have to practice a lot.

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Unit 5: Experiences 30

Lesson 5 A
Grammar: Present Perfect

The "present perfect" of any verb is made up of two elements: the appropriate form of the auxiliary verb to
have (present) and the "past participle" of the main verb. The form of the "past participle" of a regular verb is
root + ed, eg : played, arrived, looked.

Example: To Walk, "present perfect"

Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I have walked I haven't walked Have I walked?
You have walked You haven't walked. Have you walked?
He, she, it has walked He, she, hasn't walked Has he, she, it walked?
We have walked We haven't walked Have we walked?
You have walked You haven't walked Have you walked?
They have walked They haven't walked Have they walked?

The "present perfect" is used to describe:

 An action or situation that started in the past and continues in the present.
"I have lived in Bristol since 1984" = I still live there.
 An action performed for a period of time not yet concluded.
"She has been to the cinema twice this week". = the week is not over yet.)

 An action repeated in a non-specific period of time located between the past

and the present. "We have visited Portugal several times".

 An action that has been completed in the very recent past, indicated by 'just'.
"I have just finished my work".

 An action for which the precise moment in which it occurred is not important.
"I've read 'War and Peace" . = what is relevant is the result of the action.

Exercises:
Exercise 1.- Complete with the correct present perfect tense
1.-Karen _____ ________ me an e-mail. (to send)
2.-Dave and Pat _______ _______ the museum. (to visit)
3.-I _______ ________ at the pet shop. (to be)
4.-They________ ________ already their rucksacks. (to pack)
5.-Marcus ________ ________ an accident. (to have)

Exercise 2.-Complete with the have or has and verb past participle
1. They _____ ________ London this month. (leave)
2. He ______ _______ a lot of English papers. (bring)
3. She _____ ______ me about it. (tell)
4. I_____ ______ a long letter from father this week. (get)

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5. She ______ ______; she will speak to you in a minute. (come)

Exercise 3.-Choose the correct answer and fill in the gaps

1.- I _____________ my homework yet.
a) have finish b) has finished c) did finished d) haven't finished
2. My father is on the way. He ____________ home yet.
a) haven't arrived b) hasn't arrived c) didn't arrived d) arrived
3. I am not hungry. I have _______ eaten.
a) yet b) now c) just d) ever
4. I have never ___________ to Paris.
a) been b) went c) go d) was
5. ________ you ever been to New York?
a) Are b) Were c) Do d) have

Reading
JOB INTERVIEWS
Exercise 1.-Read the conversation underline the present perfect tense and answer the questions below.
Don’t forget to pay attention to all the examples of the present perfect.

People doing job interviews.

Bob: We need to make a decision on who we are going to hire for the new salesperson position.
Darren: I know. There are a lot of good applicants. So far we have interviewed 10 people and have looked at
over 50 resumes.
Bob: Well, let’s take a look at some of the best and make a decision.
Darren: OK, the first person is Phil. He has worked as a salesperson for 10 years in both The United States and
Canada. Also, he has been the manager of the sales department of a large auto-parts company.

Bob: Sounds interesting, but has he ever worked in the food sales industry?
Darren: No, he hasn’t.
Bob: That might be a problem. We need someone with food experience.
Darren: OK, what about Karen? She has worked in the food industry for 6 years. She has been a manager of a
major supermarket and worked in marketing for a large meat company.
Bob: OK. Has she worked in international sales before?
Darren: No, she has never worked in international sales.
Bob: Well, that could be a problem. This job will require a lot of international experience. I think we need
someone who has worked in an international environment
Darren: Well what about Larry? We haven’t met him yet but his resume looks good. He has been a salesperson
in the food industry for 13 years. He has worked in The United States, Canada and Mexico. In the past 4 years
he has learned to speak Spanish and French.
Bob: Wow, sounds great!
Darren:The problem is we still haven’t had an interview with him. I have called him many times, but I haven’t
been able to reach him.
Bob: Well, why don’t you send him an email? Perhaps he will respond that way.
Darren: OK, I will try that. I will let you know.
Bob: Great, thanks.

1.B Activity: Answer the following questions regarding the dialogue above:

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1.How many people have they interviewed?

a) 50
b) 10
c) 3
d) 5
2. Who has worked in the food industry?
a) Phil
b) Karen
c) Larry
3. Who have they not met?
a) Karen
b) Larry
c) Phil
4. Why haven’t they interviewed Larry?
a) They haven’t had the chance to call him.
b) They haven’t been able to contact him by email.
c) They haven’t been able to reach him on the phone
d) They haven’t looked at his resume yet.

Lesson 5B
Vocabulary: Entertainment
1.A What do you do for entertainment? Circle the activities that you do in the image:

Exercise 1: Join the following entertainment activities with a line:

1.-GO OUT WITH FRIENDS a)

2.-PLAY SPORTS b)

3.-LISTEN TO MUSIC c)

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4.-GO TO THE MOVIES d)

Vocabulary: Places of a City

Exercise 1
A.-Look the places in the city in the image above and answer the following questions:
a. Where do you usually play with your family? ___________________
b. What do you deposit your money? _________________
c. Where do you pray? ________________
d.-Where do you go when you feel sick? _______________
e.- Where do the people usually park their cars? ___________________

B. Choose the best option and write it in the blank space.

-Oh, hello! Where are you going?

*I’m going to the a)______________to buy some cheese, some milk and some potatoes. And you?
(Supermarket, butchery, museum).
-I’m going to the b)_____________to study English. (Library, school, park).
*Oh I 'm going with you to the c)__________ (library, school, park) to help you, then to
the d)___________theatre, bank, gym do some exercise and then to the e)_________ park, butcher, museum
with my family this evening, to watch a new film.
*That's great! Let's go then!
- Let's go!

Exercise 2: Match the words with the images and write their name next to the correct number:

restaurant- museum - hospital - fire station- police station-

1. _________________

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 34

2. ________________

3. ________________

4. ________________

5. ________________

Listening
Listen to following the dialogue and read all over:
Choosing a good restaurant for my birthday

A: Devi, have you thought about where would you like to

go to dinner on Friday for your birthday?
B: I am not sure. I don't know that many restaurants
around here.
A: You know, we could look online at the local Internet
sites.
B: Good. Let's take a look!
A: What kind of food would you like for your birthday?
B: I enjoy Thai or Japanese the best.
A: This one, Shogun, looks good.
B: Oh yes, I've heard of that one. Everyone I've spoken
with says that it is great!
A: Would you like to go there then?
B: I think that that would be a really good choice! Let's call
and make a reservation.

Exercise 1.-After listening to the dialogue, read the questions and circle the correct answer:

1.-What is the special occasion they are celebrating? 3.-What kind of food does Devi prefer?
a) Christmas a) Italian
b) Birthday b) Thai or Japanese
c) Devi's graduation c) French

2.-Where will they look for restaurants? 4.How will they contact the restaurant?
a) Newspaper a) Call

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b) TV b) email
c) Internet Sites c) they will just go

Lesson 5C
Grammar 2: Present Perfect and Simple Past

We use the "present perfect" whenever the time in which the action takes place is not relevant
or is not specified.
Instead, we use the "simple past" whenever data about the time or place of the action is
requested or specified.

For example

Present perfect Simple past

I have lived in Lyon. I lived in Lyon in 1989.
They have eaten Thai food. They ate Thai food last night.
Have you seen 'Othello'? Where did you see 'Othello'?
We have been to Ireland. When did you go to Ireland?

Exercises
Exercise 1. Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verbs:
1. I _____________(see) the twins in town last week.
2. ________________(you/ever/meet) her brother.
3. Where______________(you/be) last week?
4. _____________________(you/see) Paula?
5. We______________(not/go) on holiday last year.

Exercise 2. Underline the correct option:

1. I lost - have lost my wallet. I can't find it anywhere. I looked - have looked at the bedroom but it wasn't
there.
2. I didn't sell - haven't sold my car. I decided - I have decided to keep it.
3. Didn't you finish - haven't you finished your work yet?
4. They went - have gone to New York. They must be having a great time.
5. Selma lived - has lived in Quito for two years

Exercise 3. Fill in the blanks with the given time expressions

EVER - SINCE 2003 -TEN MINUTES AGO- YET - IN 1998

1. I haven't watered the flowers________.

2. My family has lived in Dubai _________________.
3. The train left_______. I missed it.
4. I graduated from high school _____________.
5. Have you _________ been to Ecuador?

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Speaking Exercise 1.-Let's practice your present perfect! Ask your classmates the following questions,
be sure to use the present perfect in your answer
1. Have you ever drastically changed your hair style or
clothing style in a short time?
2. What sports have you played?
3. Where is the best place you have ever been?
4. What interesting foods have you eaten?
5. Where have you traveled?

Lesson 5D
Writing: Post Card
Holiday Post Card
1.- Look at the following reading, jot down on a piece of paper the present perfect forms.

2. Now is your turn! Write a Post Card to a friend and explain how's your life in Quito. Remember to use
the present perfect tense.

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