APRENDE CON LOS PROFESIONALES DEL INGLÉS Noviembre 2010 - Issue 76 - € 4.

20

cops and
“rubbers”
Pence & R
Mayte Ziga: VaughanTown Volunteer Coordinator

pronombres
reflexivos
Grammar Matters

DESCARGA
TU AUDIO EN:
www.vaughanreview.com

www . gr upovaughan . com

index
THE VAUGHAN REVIEW

is published monthly and is a Vaughan Systems

Noviembre 2010
publication. All rights reserved.

Publisher:
Richard Vaughan
03 Editorial English: The Open, Welcoming Language
Editor in chief:
Richard Brown
Co-Editors in chief: 05 Easy Read Never say never!
David Waddell
Carmen Vallejo
06 Grammar Matters Pronombres reflexivos / enfáticos
Art Editor:
Annie Casasús Olea “By myself ” / “On my own”
-selves / Each other – One another
English Editing:
Greg Stanford Verbos no reflexivos
Design Team
Ivan Morgan
Juan Ignacio Fernández Peón
11 Cloverdale’s Characters Luigi Barghini

Illustrator
Pablo Gonzalo 12 People & Places Entrevista a Mayte Ziga
Contributing Editors:
Anna KatarinaVictória
Annie Casasús Olea
14 Business Letter 69
Conor McAlinden
Audio Editors: 16 Marketing List 32
Alberto Alonso
Ignacio Carvajal
Distribution Manager:
17 Pence & R Sección Infantil
Rubén Palomero
Subscriptions team: 21 Expressions with Duck
Enebral Luengo
Irene Alonso
Jose Carlos Morales
suscripciones@vausys.com
22 Humanities Quantum Computers

Cover Photograph:
Ignacio Fernández Peón 24 Phrasal Verbs To go over // To go through
Newsroom/ Redacción:
Edificio Master 1 26 Something to Chew Over
Avda. General Perón, 38 - 2ª Planta in Madrid.
Telephone/Teléfono:
91 444 58 44 30 Mastering the Interrogative 65
E-mail/Correo electrónico:
rbrown@vausys.com
31 Elision Fields Raanaútaf
Printed by/Imprime:
Grupo Aries
32 Sudoku Body Parts
Depósito legal:
M-46.801-2002
ISSN: 34 Translation List Nivel principiante y nivel avanzado
1887-6137
Lugar y fecha de impresión:
Madrid, el 1 de Noviembre de 2010
35 Creepy Corner El terrible “Yesterday I attended TO a meeting”

Edita

Vaughan S Y S T E M S CLAVE DE ACCESO AUDIO:

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2
 editorial
English: The Open, Welcoming Language
The writer M.
Kehrt wrote I was asked the other day for the umpteenth time (por
enésima vez) “Is English an easy language to learn?”
that “English is As someone who began teaching in the last millennium
and who has seen a student or two in his time, I suppose
essentially a half I’m fairly (bastante) well-qualified to answer that question.
“Well, my little grasshopper (mi pequeño saltamontes)” I
dozen other said, “I’m totally convinced that the answer is yes... and
no”. He didn’t look too happy with my answer; I think he
languages was hoping for something a little more enlightening
locked in a (instructivo).
The truth of the matter is that learning the basics of
small room. English is relatively easy and can be done in a short period
of time, but mastering it will take a lifetime... if not longer!
They fight.” It’s If you start learning English from scratch (desde cero) and
not hard to see work hard, you will be amazed to find that in no time at all
you are able to string (conectar) basic sentences together.
what he means. This is basically because the rules governing the structure
of English – i.e. the grammar – are quite simple. You only
have to compare the conjugations of verbs in Spanish and
English to know this is true; and I’m not talking about
complex things like the conditional past subjunctive (El
subjuntivo pluscuamperfecto. ¡Toma ya!), I’m talking about
verbs in the simple present tense: compare juego, juegas,
juego, jugamos etc. with I play, you play, he plays, we play etc.
The difficulty with English, once you have mastered the
basic grammar and the most important verb tenses, is
being able to understand the enormity of its vocabulary
and its variety of expression. This is not to say that most
native speakers have a freakishly (anormal) Shakespearean
capacity for words or will talk to you as if they had
swallowed (como si hubieran tragado) the Oxford English
Dictionary for breakfast. It’s more to do with the fact that
once you get beyond (ir más allá) the basics of structure,
there is literally a whole world of possibilities. English is an
incredibly rich language with hundreds and thousands of
words and an infinite number of idiomatic combinations.
This is largely due to the fact that (esto se debe en gran
parte al hecho de que) English is and always has been a
very open and welcoming language. Let me explain what I
mean with a brief – ludicrously (ridículamente) brief -
history of the English language.
The writer M. Kehrt wrote that “English is essentially a
half dozen other languages locked (encerrados) in a small
room. They fight.” It’s not hard to see what he means. It
is a mix of the languages of the people who invaded
England over the centuries: Romans (Latin), Celts (Irish
and Scots), Angles (Danes and Germans), Saxons (more
Germans), and Normans (French). According to one survey
(según una encuesta) English is 29% Latin, 29% French, 26%
Germanic Languages and 16% from other languages. Then
of course the English became terribly good themselves at
invading foreign lands. It is now spoken by nearly 400 million
people as the official language in fifty three countries with
hundreds of millions more who speak it as a second
language - the possibilities for linguistic mutation and
reproduction are endless. Furthermore, thanks to the
advent of (con la llegada de) Internet, which speeds up the
way communities and languages interact, English has begun
to evolve at an even quicker rate. All of this mixing together
of languages means that even native speakers have difficulty
understanding all the variations, the differences in meanings
and the manifold nuances (los multiples matices). So, if it’s
hard for native speakers, then what hope is there for non-
natives learning English as another language?
What an encouraging, motivating editorial this has been so
far, eh? (vaya editorial más alentador hasta ahora, ¿no?)
Before I make you lose hope altogether (por completo) -
all this variety and openness in the language does have a
positive side for the non-native speaker: it’s incredibly
relative to say what’s right and what’s wrong. People invent
words all the time that don’t exist; they twist (retuercen)
the grammatical and syntactical structures as they please
(como les da la gana). Take the former president (por
ejemplo, el ex-presidente) of the USA George Bush; he
did that all the time. See if you can spot the mistakes in
these two examples of his innovative linguistic genius:
“They misunderestimated me”, “Families is where our
nation finds hope, where wings take dream.” So if the
president of the USA can “innovate” like this you should
feel free to go ahead and be a linguistic innovator too!
Don’t ever let anyone tell you what you’ve said is wrong.
Explain to them that English is an open, liberal language
which gives room for creative, innovative expression!
Unfortunately, to get to that stage of innovation you will
need to have mastered the basics of the grammatical
structures first. As open and liberal a language as English
might be (por muy liberal y abierto que sea), it does have
a series of established basic rules that are universally
recognized. They have to be learned, repeated, practiced
and mastered until they become second nature (hasta
que se hagan sin pensar). Fortunately, that’s the easy part
and we at Vaughan are happy to help and make it that
much easier for you!
Conor McAlinden
3
 Si
difíc
t e result
il el
princ
e d i
ipal..
t
t

ículo
a
orial
.
es
easy read
a r
¡este ti!
para

Never say never!

When I was seven years old, I used to hate girls. I found them really
annoying (muy pesadas). They always seemed to want to provoke
the boys to get us in trouble (meternos en líos). I couldn’t ever
imagine anyone falling in love with one of them, let alone actually
settling down and marrying one. I even went as far as to proudly
proclaim before my entire family that when I grew up, I would
marry my best friend Barry. That was when I was seven.
Of course, when I was 15, I changed my mind. At that age, the only
thing on my mind was girls. And, sure enough, as I grew older I fell
in love with approximately 6,431 of them and ended up settling
down and marrying one. Funny, isn’t it? (curioso, ¿no?).
When I was eight years old, my father gave me a drop of wine to
try. It was red wine, I remember clearly. I was very excited because,
of course, wine was a grown-ups’ drink (bebida de mayores) and I
felt very grown-up as I lifted the glass and put it to my lips. I took a
sip (un sorbo) and swallowed it, at which point my excitement
immediately turned to (se convirtió en) disgust – “How can you
possibly drink that, Dad?” I asked in amazement. Apart from the
bleach (lejía) I had ingested out of curiosity as a three-year-old
(sorry for the heart attack, Mum!), it was probably the most
disgusting thing I had ever tasted. I swore before my entire family
that I would only drink lemonade for the rest of my life. That was
when I was eight.
Of course, when I was 17, I changed my mind. At that age, drinking moment on, all essays (ensayos) should be handed in typed
wine was THE thing to do if you wanted to be sophisticated and (escritos a máquina), I nearly fainted (por poco me desmayo). I
impress the girls (or so I unwittingly thought!) at all those dinner spoke to my tutor and argued that fluid writing was only possible
parties we used to organise. Now, I absolutely love wine and for me using a pen and paper and, to my great surprise, I managed
couldn’t imagine a special dinner without it. Funny, isn’t it? to convince him. He allowed me to hand in (entregar) all my essays
hand-written. I was convinced I would never have to use a
When I was 18 years old, I had to decide what I wanted to study
computer in my life.
at university. I had specialised in languages at the age of 16, so it was
a logical next-step to choose one or two of them as a university Of course, many books, magazines, articles and e-mails later, I
degree. I loved French and Italian and when my Latin teacher couldn’t imagine living or working without a computer. I spend most
suggested I study Spanish, I laughed. “But I’m not interested in the of my life typing away in front of a computer screen.
Spanish language or in Spanish culture so what’s the point of
Now, I know many Spaniards who always used to hate English,
studying Spanish?” “But it’s so much more useful than Italian” my
convinced that they could get through life without needing to know
teacher replied. As I absolutely KNEW I was going to end up living
how to speak it. Most of them soon realised they were wrong and
and working in Italy or in France as an adult, I didn’t pay (prestar)
now, having made a conscious effort, are able to fend for themselves
any attention. That was when I was 18.
in English to a greater or lesser extent.
Of course, I now live in Spain, am absolutely fascinated by Spanish
Moral of the story: prejudices are based on ignorance and are soon
culture and adore the Spanish language. What’s more, my son is
overcome (superados) by exposure and / or practice. We can all
half-Spanish! Funny, isn’t it?
end up being good at something that, at first, seems impossible, and
When I was 21 years old, I used to hate computers. So, when the just because you hate something now, doesn’t mean you will always
head of my University Italian Faculty announced that from that hate it.

Richard Brown

5
Pronombres reflexivos / enfáticos
Este mes veremos con detenimiento los pronombres reflexivos o lo que es lo mismo, aquellos pronombres que se
emplean cuando el sujeto que realiza la acción es también el que la recibe.

Compórtate bien o se te expulsará de este colegio. Behave yourself or you will be expelled from this school.

Me pellizqué para asegurarme de que no estaba soñando. I pinched myself to make sure I wasn’t dreaming.

Tom se cayó de la bicicleta y se hizo daño. Tom fell off his bike and hurt himself.

Nunca hablas de ti. You never talk about yourself.

A Peter no le gusta hablar en público; le cuesta mucho Peter doesn’t like to speak in public; he finds it very difficult
expresarse. to express himself.

No olvides incluir el pronombre “it” en la estructura “to find IT difficult to do something”.

En ocasiones colocamos los pronombres reflexivos después de un sustantivo o pronombre para enfatizar la
persona o cosa a la que nos estamos refiriendo. En este caso nos referimos a los pronombres reflexivos como
pronombres enfáticos.

El hijo de Kate se comió él mismo toda la tarta. Kate’s son ate all the cake himself.

El marido de Silvia siempre hace la cena él mismo. Silvia’s husband always makes dinner himself.

Lo hice yo misma. I did it myself.

El pueblo en sí mismo es tan pequeño que no tiene ni un

The town itself is so small that it doesn’t have a bank.
banco.

Cuando se le rompió el coche lo arregló él mismo. When his car broke down he repaired it himself.

Estos pronombres se pueden omitir sin que cambie el sentido de la frase.

6
 grammar matters
“By myself” / “On my own”
En el siguiente apartado estudiaremos dos estructuras que presentan el mismo significado y que se emplean para
expresar que una persona “está sola” o “hace algo sin la ayuda de nadie”. Primero veremos ejemplos con “by +
pronombre reflexivo”.

Me gusta pasar tiempo solo. I like to spend time by myself.

Mónica y Anna terminaron el proyecto sin la ayuda de nadie. Monica and Anna completed the project by themselves.

Mi sobrina siempre hace los deberes sin la ayuda de nadie. My niece always does her homework by herself.

Vivo aquí sola. I live here by myself.

Michael puso estas baldas sin la ayuda de nadie. Michael put these shelves up by himself.

Jamás, repetimos, jamás digas “theirselves”.

A continuación veremos que frases expresadas con la estructura “on + adjetivo posesivo + own” tienen el mismo
significado que aquellas expresadas con “by + pronombre reflexivo”.

Me gusta pasar tiempo solo. I like to spend time on my own.

Mónica y Anna terminaron el proyecto sin la ayuda de nadie. Monica and Anna completed the project on their own.

Mi sobrina siempre hace los deberes sin la ayuda de nadie. My niece always does her homework on her own.

Vivo aquí sola. I live here on my own.

Michael puso estas baldas sin la ayuda de nadie. Michael put these shelves up on his own.

Para evitar cometer el error de decir “by my own”, apréndete la regla del “o-o” (on my own / on his own…).

7
-selves / Each other – One another
Veamos otras cinco frases que contienen pronombres reflexivos. Esta vez nos centraremos en los pronombres
reflexivos del plural.

David y Richard se culparon a sí mismos por lo que pasó. David and Richard blamed themselves for what happened.

Teresa y Laura siempre están hablando consigo mismas. Teresa and Laura are always talking to themselves.

Nos estamos mirando a nosotros mismos. We’re looking at ourselves.

Los niños se hicieron daño a sí mismos. The children hurt themselves.

Se hicieron fotos a sí mismos. They took photos of themselves.

Ahora veremos las mismas cinco frases pero esta vez expresadas con pronombres recíprocos en vez de con
pronombres reflexivos. Los pronombres recíprocos se usan para indicar que los sujetos de una frase intercambian
la acción del verbo (ej: “we’re looking at each other”: “yo te miro a ti y tú me miras a mí”).

David y Richard se culparon el uno al otro por lo que pasó. David and Richard blamed each other for what happened.

Teresa y Laura siempre están hablando la una con la otra. Teresa and Laura are always talking to each other.

Sonia y Juan se están mirando el uno al otro. Sonia and Juan are looking at each other.

Los niños se hicieron daño el uno al otro. The children hurt each other.

Se hicieron fotos el uno al otro. They took photos of each other.

En teoría empleamos “each other” cuando hay dos personas y “one another” cuando se trata de tres o más. Sin
embargo, son muy pocos los que tienen en cuenta esta regla a la hora de poner en práctica ambas estructuras.

8
 grammar matters
Verbos no reflexivos
Por último, estudiaremos unos ejemplos en los que en español se acompañan de una estructura reflexiva, mientras
que en inglés el verbo no es reflexivo.

Él no se afeita cuando está de viaje. He doesn’t shave himself when he’s away on holiday.

Pilar prefiere trabajar desde casa porque no se puede Pilar prefers to work from home because she can’t
concentrar en la oficina. concentrate herself in the office.

¿Por qué no te relajas? Why don’t you relax yourself?

Se abrió la puerta y entró Simón. The door opened itself and Simon walked in.

El último libro de Peter se está vendiendo mucho. Peter’s latest book is selling itself really well.

Expresamos la palabra “holiday” en singular cuando a ésta le acompaña la preposición “on”.

Otros ejemplos que cumplen esta regla son:

Peter tardó dos horas y media en dormirse. It took Peter two and a half hours to fall himself asleep.

Él se baña en el mar todos los días del año. He swims himself in the sea every day of the year.

Me ducho todas las mañanas antes del desayuno. I shower myself every morning before breakfast.

Ella nunca se despierta antes de las nueve los domingos. She never wakes herself up before nine o’clock on Sundays.

Me tropecé cuando iba de camino al trabajo. I tripped myself over when I was on my way to work.

No quiero oirte decir “two hours and a half” o “three hours and a half”. Decimos, “two and a half hours”,
“three and a half hours”, etc.

9

Luigi Barghini
Luigi Barghini is 49 years old. He’s from a small
town in the north of Italy and now lives, with his
wife, Sofia, in a beautiful villa outside Verona. He
has a lot of money because he owns a big
factory that supplies car seats to Fiat in Turin.
Luigi is the Chairman of the company, but his
daughter, Anna, is the Managing Director. She
takes care of the day-to-day business, while Luigi
spends a lot of his time visiting different
members of the Agnelli family that owns Fiat. He
also spends a lot of time in Germany, because
his company is negotiating a big contract with
Mercedes Benz to supply car seats for the small
models that Mercedes makes in Stuttgart. He is
a very busy man, but he enjoys his work. When
he’s at his villa near Verona, he always goes to
1. How old is Luigi Barghini?
2. Is he from a big city or a small town?
3. Where is the small town?
4. Where does he live now?
5. Does he live in a beautiful villa or a small flat?
6. Who does he live with?
7. What’s his wife’s name?
8. Does Luigi have a lot of money or only a little
money?
9. Why does he have a lot of money?
10. What does the factory supply to Fiat?
11. Where is Fiat?
12. What is Luigi’s position in his company?
13. Who is the Managing Director of his company?
14. What does she take care of in the company?
cloverdale’s
CHARACTERS
www.vaughantienda.com
the factory, 23 kilometers away, to see his
daughter and to visit the workers. He probably
spends at least three hours on the floor of the
factory talking with workers, inviting them to
coffee, telling jokes and having a good time. He
likes the people in the north of Italy and really
enjoys human contact. That’s probably the
reason why his company is strong and healthy.
He doesn’t consider that his work is a job. He
considers it a game, something that he likes to
play. Of course, he wants to win and he wins,
but he has a good disposition all the time and
he doesn’t like to take things too seriously. His
daughter, Anna, is different, but she is a manager,
not an owner.
15. What does Luigi spend a lot of time doing? 28. Who else does he visit at the factory?
16. What other country does he spend time 29. How many hours does he spend with the
visiting? workers?
17. What company does he visit in Germany? 30. What does he invite the workers to?
18. What is he negotiating with Mercedes Benz? 31. What does he tell them?
19. Are the car seats for small or big models? 32. Does he like the people in the north of Italy?
20. Where does Mercedes make its small models? 33. What does he enjoy?
21. Is Luigi a busy man? 34. Why is his company strong and healthy?
22. Does he want to stop working? 35. Does he consider his work a job or a game?
23. How does he feel about his work? 36. Does he like to win?
24. When he’s not traveling, does he stay at home? 37. What kind of disposition does he have?
25. Where does he go every day when he’s at his 38. Does he take things too seriously?
villa? 39. Is his daughter similar to him?
26. How far is the factory from his villa? 40. Why is she different?
27. Does he see his daughter when he goes there?
11
 This month we talk to Mayte Ziga
whose job entails convincing
people to fly half-way round the
world for free to populate
VaughanTown
Q. What brought you to Spain?
A. My grandparents sent my mom and all her siblings to Spain for
two years when they were students. I remember them telling the
craziest and most amazing stories about their time here. Well, I
wanted a story of my own so I came over after finishing my degree
in Economics to study Spanish for 6 months. I was just a month shy
of turning 21. Nine years on, I’m still here!

Q. Apart from your family and friends, what do you most miss
about living in the Philippines?
A. The people: their warm smiles and extreme hospitality. Other
than that…virgin beaches, uninhabited islands and fresh coconut
juice.The Philippines is known as the Pearl of South East Asia. It has
very exotic and beautiful places but it also has everything one
could want from a first world country such as world class hotels,
massive shopping malls, etc. Imagine you have a craving: Chinese
food, Wendy’s burger or shopping at 4:30 am... totally do-able!
There is a little bit of everything for everyone.

FACT FILE Q. How would you define the Philippine character? Is there a big
difference between the Spanish national character and the
Philippines’?
A. I guess in many ways we’re similar to Spaniards, but that’s
Name Mayte Ziga probably to be expected since we were a colony for almost 400
years. The new generation is more influenced by America
Age 29 (mentality-wise) - we were also an American colony for almost 40
years. So to answer your question, we are cheerful, kind, simple and
Nationality Filipino easy-going people.

Position VaughanTown Volunteer Coordinator
Fact Mayte has lived through 4 typhoons, 2
major volcanic eruptions and an
earthquake and is still here to tell the
tale!
Q. What would you recommend anyone planning to visit the
Philippines, to visit?
A. I could easily make 7,107 recommendations - that’s how many
islands make up the Philippines. The number one destination at the
moment is Palawan. It has a little bit of everything: rain forest, caves,
coral reefs, mangroves, beaches and clear blue waters. However, I
would personally recommend the Bicol Region in the province of
Albay, which is where both my parents are from. You will find
possibly the most perfect cone-shaped volcano in the world there.

12
 people & places
(Don’t believe me? Check wiki!) The Mayon Volcano is an active
volcano which erupts every 10 years. The name Mayon originally
comes from the word MAGAYON which means beautiful. Bicol is
also the only place in the Philippines where you can go whale shark
Express Questionnaire
watching and swimming. I haven’t been but they say they are the
size of buses – enormous but very, very friendly.
Shy or outgoing…
Q. What aspect of living in Spain most surprised you when you Definitely shy… NOT!
first arrived?
An indulgence…
A. The thing that surprised me the most had more to do with me Sitting in a terrace, music in the background, good company,
being in Spain as opposed to Spain itself. The possibility of being flowing conversation and of course, gin and tonic.
independent surprised me! The beauty of being anonymous in a big
European city and simply living life. The thing you most like…
Being hugged.
Q. I understand that you are a demon paddle tennis player. What The thing you most hate…
attracts you to the game? Black shoes and brown belt (Why?).
A. I am a horrible player! (but getting less worse) I can’t really
remember how we got into it but I just remember going to A favourite saying…
Decathlon and buying myself a racket, then from there we started You have never really lived until you've done something for
somebody who can never repay you.
playing every Sunday. Before I knew, it turned into a weekend
routine – padel and dinner with good friends. (Yes you – JP, Bianca, The person you most admire…
Charlie and Mike who isn’t in Madrid any more but was the real Not just one – My two grandmothers. They were the
Demon player!) epitome of class, elegance and power.

When you were young…

Q. Do you have any tips on how to improve your game?
I was called “little monster” and I don’t think I’ve changed
A. The key is having a very competitive partner… I would pretty
that much.
much just stand there and my partner would run after the ball like a
mad man! We almost always won every game! I must say padel is more Your favourite book…
tiring these days especially since I now have to run! Who knew! The Little Prince.

Your favourite film…

Q. You do a lot of entertaining. What do you think makes a good
The Godfather trilogy.
host / hostess?
A. A smile! Okay seriously now, I think a good host just means Your favourite song…
having good guests. You can prepare as much as you want but in Smile (though your heart is breaking).
the end, the 2 things that matter most are the conversation and
When you work…
how well the guests get along. So the most important thing –
I always have my headphones on.
choosing the right concoction of invitees.
Your biggest defect…
Q. As volunteer coordinator, you’ve spent a lot of time in Sharp tongue.
VaughanTown, what is the most common feedback you get from
When travelling, never forget…
the participants?
Passport and anti-bacterial gel.
A. “Our group is the best, for sure! – other groups couldn’t have
been this great”. Every VaughanTown experience is unique and A colour…
even people who have done it before will agree with me. Green – hope and life.
VaughanTown is what it is today, meaning AMAZING, because it is
A day you’ll never forget…
a program where we get a group of people who in normal
One night at my terrace at home...
circumstances wouldn’t ever meet and we make them talk and get
to know each other. The outcome is always very satisfactory for
both the volunteers and Spaniards.

13
business letter 69
Hola a todos,
Espero que todos disfrutarais tanto como yo del curso de ayer sobre
gestión del tiempo. Estoy seguro de que todos estaréis de acuerdo
conmigo cuando digo que el presentador, Oren Gutan, hizo un
trabajo excelente. Consiguió que el curso fuera instructivo a la vez
que divertido. Espero que sus consejos prácticos nos ayuden a todos
a ser más eficientes en la ejecución de nuestras tareas diarias.
Adjunto un documento que resume los treinta
consejos claves que nos dio. Me gustaría que lo
leyerais con cuidado y que incorporarais lo mejor
posible sus consejos a vuestros hábitos de trabajo. Inten
la ca
Visto que todos recibimos tantos emails cada día, me
gustaría también destacar algunos de los excelentes com
consejos que dio en cuanto a cómo manejar los emails.
Al comienzo del día dedicad una hora de trabajo a
vuestras tareas más importantes antes de comprobar
vuestros emails. Luego, si es posible ocupaos de vuestros emails
en momentos específicos del día. Si tenéis que ver los emails
según llegan, limitad vuestras sesiones a menos de cinco minutos.
Intentemos atender cada email en el momento: ¡leedlos y luego
contestadlos o borradlos en seguida!
Hello everybody,
I hope you all enjoyed yesterday’s time management course as
much as I did. I’m sure you’ll all agree with me when I say that the
presenter, Oren Gutan, did an excellent job. He made sure that
the course was not only informative but fun at the same time. I
hope his practical advice will help us all to be more efficient in the
execution of our daily tasks.
I’m attaching a document that summarises the thirty
cir key pieces of advice that he gave. I would like you
t a t radu to read it carefully and then to do your best to
y lueg
o
incorporate his advice into your working practices.
r t a la
l a con
pá r a As we all receive so many emails, I would also like
tra to highlight some of the excellent tips he gave
nues regarding how to handle emails.
At the beginning of the day devote an hour of work to
your most important tasks before checking your email. Then,
if possible deal with E-mail at set times each day. If you need to
check messages as they arrive, limit your sessions to less than five
minutes. Let’s aim to handle emails only once: read them and then
answer or delete them straight away!

yesterday’s time En inglés no sólo utilizamos el genitivo sajón con nombres de personas sino con frases de tiempo: “Monday´s class”,
management “next week’s meeting”, “November’s conference”, etc.

as much as Ojo con la estructura: “tanto como...” es “as much as...”.

En esta carta vemos unos ejemplos clásicos de errores de vocabulario típicos de los españoles: “estar de acuerdo”
you’ll all agree
es “to agree”. ¡¡¡Nunca decimos “to be agree”.

Esperemos que hayas puesto “fun” y no “funny”. “Funny” es algo cómico o gracioso que te hace reír; “fun” es
fun
cuando te lo pasas bien.

Lo habremos visto varias veces antes en Business Letters, pero “advice” es un sustantivo incontable. “Un consejo”
advice
es “some advice” o “a piece of advice”.

I would like Igual que verbos como “want”, “need”, “ask”, “tell”, etc. “would like” nunca va seguido de “that + sujeto”, se dice
you to read it “Would like + complemento directo + infinitivo”: “I would like them to help me”, “She would like us to be quiet”, etc.

Mira lo fácil que es la voz imperativa en inglés en comparación con el español. Tanto en la segunda persona singular
read them and then
como en la segunda persona plural, se pone el verbo en infinitivo y se quita el sujeto, ej.: “Jump!”, “Dance!”, “Be
answer or delete
quiet”. En imperativo negativo se pone “Don’t” delante, ej.: “Don’t smoke!”, “Don’t lie!”, “Don’t be silly!”.

14
marketing
Cons
igue
en
enda
List 32
h an Ti
Va u g cífico
a l espe Ponte a prueba. Tapa la columna derecha con un papel y
mate
r i les.
f e s iona
pro traduce al inglés las frases en español. Irás ganando en
para iend
a.com
hant
vaug vocabulario y fluidez, a medida que aumentes el número de
repeticiones.

Quiero ensayar el efecto de una reducción de precio. I want to test the effect of a price reduction.

Los precios fueron reducidos en un 15 por ciento. Prices were cut by 15 percent.

¿Qué podemos concluir de todo esto? What can we conclude from all this?

Mi tarea es realizar la recogida de datos. My task is to perform data collection.

Lo tienes que hacer lo más claro y sencillo posible. You have to make it as clear and simple as possible.

¿Has hecho un análisis coste/beneficio del proyecto? Have you made a cost/benefit analysis of the project?

La diferencia no es debida al azar. The difference isn’t due to chance.

No estoy de acuerdo con tus métodos de muestreo. I don’t agree with your sampling methods.

Los datos no son ni relevantes ni fiables. The data is neither relevant nor reliable.

¿Quién va a introducir todos los datos? Who’s going to input all the data? (enter all the data)

¿Por qué no se lo preguntas a los representantes? Why don’t you ask the sales reps?

¿Qué técnicas de previsión utilizáis aquí? What forecasting techniques do you use here?

Diseña un formulario para la recogida de datos. Design a form for data collection.

¿En qué basas tus previsiones de ventas? What do you base your sales forecasts on?

Tendrás que bajar precios si quieres ganar cuota. You’ll have to lower prices if you want to gain share.

El precio al por menor duplica el precio al por mayor. The retail price is double the wholesale price.

Voy a ponerlo en manos de una consultora. I’m going to put it in the hands of a consulting firm.

Muchas compañías centralizan las compras. Many companies centralize their purchasing.

Estamos todavía preparando el embalaje. We’re still preparing the packaging.

Estará listo para embarcar en dos horas. It will be ready for shipping in two hours.

16
Art Editor: Annie Casasœs Illustrator: Pablo Gonzalo
Cops and Rubbers!
ÁLee la apasionante historia de la persecuci—n del terrible Bandido Pence!
Detective R was on a very difficult and dangerous mission.
He had to capture one of the most dangerous criminals in
the world: Pence the Bandit! No! Not Pence the Bandit! YES!
Pence the Bandit!
Detective R was probably one of the best detectives in the
world and he had some important information on Pence the
BanditÕs next strike. Pence the Bandit was planning to steal
one of the biggest diamonds in the world that was on display
in the shop window of one of the biggest jewellerÕs in London.
One Thursday night in the middle of one of the coldest
Januarys in memory, Detective R was hiding behind a lamp
post opposite the jewellerÕs, waiting for Pence the Bandit to
show up. And sure enough, at 3.22am, Pence the Bandit
showed up. Within 20 seconds he had broken the shop
window, stolen the diamond and run off.
Detective R was hot on his trail. Pence the Bandit jumped
into a car in order to escape. It was one of the fastest cars
in the world. But fortunately, Detective R jumped into his
helicopter: one of the fastest helicopters in the world.
After chasing Pence the Bandit for an hour, Detective R was
surprised to see Pence the Bandit stop his car right next to
a Police Station and run straight inside. When Detective R
ran in after Pence the Bandit, he saw him run into a cell. When
Detective R got to the cell, it was empty but the diamond
was inside so he ran in. As soon as he ran in, the door of the
cell closed. Behind it was Pence the Bandit, who said ÒMission
accomplished!Ó.
Yes! Pence the Bandit, one of the greatest detectives
in the world had just captured Detective R, one of
the most corrupt police rubbers in the world.
Not all baddies are bad and not all goodies are good.
El detective R estaba envuelto en una misi—n muy dif’cil y
peligrosa. Ten’a que atrapar a uno de los criminales m‡s
peligrosos del mundo: ÁPence el Bandido! ÁNo! ÁNo Pence el
Bandido! ÁSê! ÁPence el Bandido!
El detective R era probablemente uno de los mejores detectives del
mundo y ten’a informaci—n importante acerca del pr—ximo golpe
de Pence el Bandido. Pence el Bandido estaba planeando robar uno
de los diamantes m‡s grandes del mundo que estaba expuesto en
el escaparate de una de las joyer’as m‡s grandes de Londres.
Un martes por la noche a mediados de uno de los eneros m‡s
fr’os que se recuerda, el Detective R estaba escondido detr‡s
de una farola al otro lado de la joyer’a esperando a que
apareciera Pence el Bandido. Y en efecto, a las 3:22 de la
ma–ana, Pence el Bandido apareci—. En cuesti—n de 20 segundos
hab’a roto el escaparate, robado el diamante y salido huyendo.
El Detective R estaba sobre su pista. Pence el Bandido se
subi— a un coche para huir. Era uno de los coches m‡s r‡pidos
del mundo. Pero por fortuna, el Detective R se subi— a su
helic—ptero: uno de los helic—pteros m‡s r‡pidos del mundo.
DespuŽs de perseguir a Pence el Bandido durante una hora, el
Detective R se sorprendi— al ver a Pence el Bandido aparcar su
coche al lado de la comisar’a y entrar corriendo. Cuando el
Detective R corri— tras Pence el Bandido, le vio entrar corriendo
a una celda. Cuando el Detective R lleg— a la celda, estaba vac’a
pero el diamante estaba dentro as’ que entr— corriendo. En
cuanto entr—, la puerta de la celda se cerr—. Detr‡s de ella estaba
Pence el Bandido, que dijo ÒÁMisi—n cumplida!Ó
ÁS’! Pence el Bandido, uno de los mejores
detectives del mundo acababa de atrapar al
Detective R, uno de las gomas polic’acas m‡s
corruptas del mundo.
Ni todos los malos son malos ni todos
los buenos son buenos.
SW
AG
 Mix and to
get
match
Un mes m‡s volveremos a jugar con el verbo Òto getÓ, si bien esta vez lo haremos con frases en las que
Žste significa ÒrecibirÓ.
tom recibio una bici el mes pasado

tom got a bike last month

CîMO JUGAR: Recorta los cuadrados con la ayuda de un adulto e intenta formar 6 frases siguiendo la
estructura gramatical que te indicamos en el ejemplo (si quieres, puedes hacer una fotocopia en color de la
p‡gina). Algo que te puede ayudar a hacerlo correctamente es ir uniendo las fichas por sus colores. Es decir,
el rojo al final de una palabra siempre tiene que coincidir con el rojo al principio de otra.

Yo recib’ diez tarjetas de navidad las navidades pasadas. Yo recib’ dinero por mi boda.
ƒl recibi— algunos regalos en su cumplea–os. Ellos recibieron un premio por sus cuentos.
Ella recibi— un vestido de su t’a. Nosotros recibimos una carta de nuestros abuelos.

her aunt i got from some money

a letter my wedding they for got

from got i some presents Christmas

he their tales for got a prize

got a dress our grandparents on She

his birthday we last got ten Christmas cards

LO QUE NECESITAS:
ask mummy
and daddy
Scissors for help!!!
 Word search (shops)
Encuentra las palabras que te indicamos a continuaci—n en la siguiente sopa de letras:

1. ButcherÕs (Carnicer’a) 11. Supermarket (Supermercado)

P B D R Y C L E A N E R S A N
2. ChemistÕs (Farmacia) 12. Record shop (Tienda de discos)
O S U P e R M A R K E T U W O
3. FloristÕs (Florister’a) 13. Book shop (Librer’a)
4. JewellerÕs (Joyer’a) 14. GreengrocerÕs (Fruter’a) h a m t r a v e l a g e n t s
5. OpticianÕs (îptica) 15. Travel agentÕs (Agencia de viajes) s s r e c o r g n e e r g u l
6. BakerÕs (Panader’a) 16. NewsagentÕs (Estanco) t i o w i h b u t n i f h e n
7. StationerÕs (Papeler’a) 17. Pet shop (Pajarer’a)
e n p s t n e g a s w e n k i
p s r e
8. Shoe shop (Zapater’a) 18. TailorÕs (Sastrer’a)
p u f i o k a b a s s
9. Dry cleanerÕs (Tintorer’a) 19. DraperÕs (Mercer’a)
10. IronmongerÕs (Ferreter’a) 20. Cake shop (Pasteler’a) o c h e m i s t s h u n m r t
h i r o n m o n g e r s e o s
s r e c o r d s h o p l c l i
e b o o k s h o p w l u f i r
o p t i c i a n s e b s h a o
h d r a p e r s w f o t k t l
s t a t i o n e r s n i e n f
e w f u s h j c a k e s h o p
pence

Anagrams
Unscramble the five words below:

1. People can buy flowers and plants at the STLOFIRÕS.

2. Sarah bought some staples and paper clips at the OTASTINERÕS.

3. HeÕs going to the TIPOCAINÕS because he needs a new pair of glasses.

4. He bought his wife a pair of earrings at the WELLEJERÕS.

5. I went to the RABEKÕS to buy some bread for the sandwiches.

5. BakerÕs (panader’a). 4. JewellerÕs (joyer’a).

3. OpticianÕs (—ptica). 2. StationerÕs (papeler’a). 1. FloristÕs (florister’a).
RESPUESTAS:
 expressions with
She took to her new job like a duck to water.

Empezó en su nuevo trabajo como si lo hubiera hecho toda la vida.

His comments don’t affect me. They are like water off a duck’s back.
DUCK Sus comentarios no me afectan. Es como quien oye llover.

We’re sitting ducks!

¡Somos una presa fácil!

She used to be an ugly duckling; now she’s a top model.

Ella antes era un patito feo; ahora es una top model.

That matter’s a dead duck.

Es un asunto acabado.

The president’s been reduced to a lame duck.

El presidente ya no tiene poder.

Don’t duck the question!

¡No esquives la pregunta!

He did a lot of ducking and diving before he was in prison.

Estuvo metido en muchos trapicheos antes de ir a la cárcel.

You’re always ducking out of things.

Siempre estás escabullendote de las cosas.

Duck!

¡Agáchate!

21

QUANTUM
COMPUTERS
By Ewan Munro
In last month's article we saw the value and
impor tance to society of fundamental
scientific research. Taking such research for
granted (por sentado) is something we do at
our own peril (nuestra cuenta y riesgo), and
this seems to have been recognised by some
governments who have actually decided to
increase (aumentar) their scientific budget
despite the current economic crisis. After all
(al final y al cabo), exporting new technologies
and the exper tise behind them can
significantly boost your economy.
Deciding exactly where to award research
grants (conceder subvenciones) is a difficult
task, because you never know exactly where
vital breakthroughs will come from. For
example, the RSA encryption algorithm, which
makes online data transmission safe, was
invented by three mathematicians (Rivest,
Shamir, and Adleman) working on pure
number theory, a field not exactly renowned
(que no tiene fama) for its practicality.
There are, however, certain lines of research
that show significant technological potential
from the outset (desde el principio). Years of
theoretical and experimental work may still
remain until the first products based on the
new science are produced, but the benefits of
investing in the field are obvious because the
eventual economic and social benefits of the
new technology are already clear.
22
¡Novedad!
CLUB DE LECTURA
DE HUMANIDADES
Para más información visita:
www.vaughanhumanidades.com
In this article we'll see some examples of
research fields in modern physics that are
believed to hold (tener) exciting technological
possibilities for the future. Here we look at
quantum computers, which could potentially
provide much faster and more powerful
computing than even the most advanced
computer we could ever dream of building
based on current technology.
Quantum Mechanics
The discovery of quantum behaviour (see
Vaughan Review, May 2010) in sub-atomic
particles around 100 years ago radically
changed physics and our understanding of the
universe forever (para siempre). Electrons,
protons, and all the other microscopic
components of matter behave (se
compor tan) radically differently to large,
macroscopic objects like tennis balls, cars, and
planets. They don't obey deterministic laws of
motion; if you observe an electron twice
under exactly the same conditions it can
behave differently both times.
For example, if we try to measure the exact
position of an electron various times, with
exactly the same experimental set-up, we find
it can appear in a number of different places; it
can be here, there, or even over there. From
one experiment to the next, there is no
particular order to where we find the electron;
it doesn't appear here and then there, here
and there, here and there. Generally it will
appear in a complex sequence such as here,
here, there, here, there, here, there, there,
here, there, with no apparent underlying
(subyacente) repeated sequence. The only
thing we can say is the proportion of the time
it appears in each of the two places: quantum
mechanics is a science based on probability.
In contrast, macroscopic objects behave totally
deterministically. Any time you set out north-
east from Madrid on the A-2, driving for about
6 hours at 110 km/h in good weather and with
not too much traffic on the road, you arrive in
Barcelona. You can try it as many times as you
want, but you'll always end up in Barcelona,
because cars don't obey quantum mechanical
laws. If they did, you might one day find
yourself in Zaragoza, and another in Lleida,
without having changed any of the conditions
in which you make the journey!
The conclusion that physicists have drawn
(han sacado) from strange quantum behaviour
is that if you don't know exactly where an
electron is before you observe it in some
experiment, then you might as well (podrías)
consider it to be in both places, here and
there, at the same time! When you measure it
you only get one answer, but before that you
cannot be certain. You can only give a
probabilistic statement like 'there is a 60%
probability of the electron being here, and a 40%
probability of it being there'.
We usually say that, before measurement, the
electron is in a superposition of here and
there, meaning that it's a mixture of the two.
This mixture can be in any proportion, for
example half here half there, a quarter here

three-quarters there, or any combination of
numbers that adds to one. This is one of the
hardest concepts to swallow in quantum
mechanics, that a physical object does not
have well-defined proper ties before we
measure it; as strange as it may seem, however,
the theory is spectacularly successful at
predicting what results we should get when
we actually make the measurement!
humanities
A PASSION FOR LEARNING
Making Electrons Count Answers to problems that today seem
intractable (inextricable) – from modelling
But what if you had a capacitor that could not
highly-complex systems like the stock markets,
only take the values 0 or 1, but any
the weather and climate, chemical and
combination of them? Then you could store
biological reaction mechanisms, or even trying
information in every one of those different
to design more efficient landing slots for
combinations – half-zero half-one, quarter-
aeroplanes and better timing sequences for
zero three-quarters-one, and so on. Each of
traffic lights – would suddenly be within our
these could hold intermediate results in your
reach (dentro nuestro alcance).
calculations, which you can then retrieve later.

Computation
To understand why quantum mechanics can
lead to faster and more powerful computation,
you also need to know some very simple facts
about how a computer works. Every laptop,
desktop, Mac, iPad, and netbook performs its
operations by manipulating a series of 0s and 1s
which make up what is called a binary string.
These binary strings are read by whatever
programme or piece of software you are using
to carry out the tasks you desire. Every click of
the mouse and every key pressed means the
processor needs to make some modification to
these binary strings, so that the software can
read the updated instructions.

The more you ask of the computer, the more

memory it needs. Just like when you perform a
long calculation you need to write certain
intermediate results, which you don't want to
forget, in the margin of the paper to use them
again later, your processor needs to store
intermediate results in another set of 0s and 1s so
it can come back to them again when it needs to.

The 0s and 1s are, of course, defined by the Sound familiar? That

properties of a real physical object. Usually,
mini-capacitors containing a small amount of
electric charge represent the number 1, while
0 is a capacitor with no charge stored in it. The
more of these little capacitors you have, the
longer your binary strings can be, and the
faster the computer is. This speed and power
comes at a cost, however, and megacomputers
can occupy entire buildings.
magic capacitor is the
electron, or any sub-atomic particle! We can
take advantage of quantum superposition to
perform many, many parallel calculations that
would be impossible on an ordinary computer.
In the time that even the fastest computer
ever built performs one calculation, a quantum
computer consisting of just 20 or 30 electrons
could perform millions!
Many theoretical and practical challenges
remain to be resolved before we see the first
quantum computers, but when they eventually
land you can be sure their impact will be big.
The transition from conventional computer to
quantum computer could well be as
revolutionary as the transition from pen and
paper to conventional computer!

23
 g to go I can’t b
I’m tr yin y mind e
in m teacher lieve the
over it u nder sta
nd ha
over ou sn’t gone
ill d o n ’t
and I st h a ppened
. r exams
yet.
ho w it No pued
o creer
asarlo no haya que el p
in t e n t a ndo rep no revisado rofesor
Estoy odavía nuestros aún
e n t a lm ente y t asó. exámen
es.
m cómo p
entiendo

Have yo se
v
u
er tho
To go over It would
e o
go n
et? bad ide n’t be a
figures y Repasar a to go
over
your sp
isado Revisar eech.
¿Has rev ya?
s
esas cifra No te ve
n
repasar dría mal
tu discu
rso.

ver I went
ju s t going o back ar ticle a over the
I’m l give it fe
your re p o r t ; I ’l found lo w times and
u in a minute. ts of mis
takes.
to yo
e
tu inform Repasé
p a s a n d o varias ve el artículo
Estoy re ismo; ahora te ces y
ah m uelvo.
o ra muchos encontré
lo dev errores.

24
 phrasal verbs
I went t
hr
my belo ough all
e n t through couldn’t ngings and
They w find the
u s e a n d they anywhe receipt
the ho a nything. re.
fin d
didn’t Revisé t
oda
casa y y no pud s mis pertenen
t ra r o n toda la e encon cia
trar el re s
Reg is ada.
e n c o n traron n en ningú
n sitio.
cibo
no

hink I
I don’t t ough
thr
To go through
could go gain. I went t
a hrough
all that Pasar por hell wo
r king w
da ith him
o c r e o que pue Repasar con cuidado on that
project.
N so
r todo e
aguanta ez. Cumplimentar Pasé las
otra v de C
con él e aín trabajando
n ese pr
oyecto.

You wo
believe uldn’t
e to go what I w
You hav many through
when I nt
e
so broke
through et married both m
y legs.
ies to g
formalit ountr y. No te p
in this c ued
que pas es imaginar por
é cuand
tantos o me ro lo
c u m p li mentar las dos
piernas.
mpí
Hay que s para casarse
trámite país.
en este

25
something
TO CHEW OVER

¡Algo para pensar!

Abajo encontrarás una serie de frases. Sólo una es correcta en cada caso, bien sea por razones gramaticales o por el contexto.
Piensa la respuesta muy bien antes de contestar y piensa el porqué de la respuesta correcta y de las incorrectas. Como
siempre, las respuestas vienen en la página 28 con sus correspondientes explicaciones.

1.b. What up?

1.c. What is up?

1
1.a. What’s up with you? 2.a. I have haste.

2.b. I have hurry.

2.c. I am in hurry.
1
1.d. What happens to you? 2.d. I’m in a rush.

1
3.a. Why you don’t take a cab?

3.b. Why don’t you catch the taxi?

3.c. Why don’t you catch a cab?

4.a. OK, I will do it.

4.b. OK, I’ll.

4.c. OK, I will.

1
3.d. Why you don’t take a cab? 4.d. OK, I will it.

1
5.a. There’s one who is coming now.

5.b. There’s one coming now.

5.c. There’s one that is coming now.

1
6.a. I think already it’s taken.

6.b. I already think it’s taken.

6.c. Already, I think it’s taken.

5.d. There’s one which is coming now. 6.d. I think it’s already taken.

1
7.a. That one looks liberal.

7.b. That one looks untaken.

7.c. That one looks free.

8.a. I think that not.

8.b. I think not so.

8.c. I don’t think it is.

1
7.d. That looks untaken. 8.d. I don’t think is it.

26
answers
SOMETHING TO CHEW OVER
Aquí tienes las respuestas al reto que te propusimos en la página 26. La idea no es sólo acertar, sino también sacar
provecho de las respuestas erróneas que, en muchos casos, son errores típicos.

Aquí estamos ante uno de los errores más comunes que cometen Aquí estamos
“Tener ante
prisa”uno de be
es “to los inerrores más
a hurry” comunes
o “to be in a que
rush”.cometen
Ambas
Dos formas
los españoles de decir
cuando “¿Quéintegrarse
quieren son la
te pasa?” en “What’s cony
cocinaup?” los españoles cuando quieren integrarse en la cocina con
expresiones son muy comunes pero asegúrate de utilizar el
“What’s“Remover”
angloparlantes.
aaloparlantes. up with you?”.
“Remover” no Tratándose
no se
se traduce de“move”
traduce nini una expresión
“move” (cambiarmuy
de angloparlantes. “Remover” no se traduce ni “move” (cambiar dey,
1.sitio)
A ni coloquial 2.sitio) verbo “to be”. Por otro lado, aunque “haste”
D ni “remove” (quitar). A veces se dice en las recetas “remove sí existe
“remove”la(quitar).
empleamos casise
A veces siempre
dice encon
las larecetas
contracción
“remove(a
como sustantivo, significa “prisa”, hoy en día queda bastante
no pero
the sauce” ser casi
que siempre
estemosse muy
añadeenfadados). La DEn es
“from the heat”. una
cuanto the sauce” pero casi
obsoleto. De siempre se añade
todas formas “from
no se emplearía conEnelcuanto
the heat”. verbo
aberración
a “moven” lingüística.
me lo inventé para la ocasión. a “moven” me lo inventé para la ocasión.
“have”.

Aquí estamos ante uno de los errores más comunes que cometen Aquí estamos ante uno de los errores más comunes que cometen
los españoles y “a taxi”quieren
“A cab” cuando significanintegrarse
lo mismo.en También se puede
la cocina con los españoles cuando quieren integrarse en la cocina con
angloparlantes. “Remover” no se traduce ni “move” (cambiarque
decir “to take a taxi” o “to catch a taxi”. Recuerda de La forma
angloparlantes. más natural
“Remover” nodesedecir “Vale,nilo“move”
traduce haré” refiriéndonos
(cambiar de
3.sitio)
C ni nunca se puede
“remove” (quitar).formular
A vecesuna pregunta
se dice en lasdirecta
recetas“Why you
“remove 4.sitio)
C ni a“remove”
un verbo(quitar).
ya empleado
A veces se dice en las recetas es
por nuestro interlocutor “OK, I
“remove
don’t…?”
the sauce” Siempre
pero casi siempre hemos de invertir
se añade “fromelthe
sujeto con
heat”. Enelcuanto
verbo will”. Todas las demás opciones son incorrectas.
the sauce” pero casi siempre se añade “from the heat”. En cuanto
“don’t”.
a “moven” me lo inventé para la ocasión. a “moven” me lo inventé para la ocasión.

Aquí estamos ante uno de los errores más comunes que cometen Aquí estamos ante uno de los errores más comunes que cometen
Curioso. cuando
los españoles Para decir quieren uno ahora”enni ladecimos
“Vieneintegrarse cocina “One
con Aquí haycuando
los españoles dos opciones:
quierenla integrarse
B y la D. Sinenembargo,
la cocinala Bcon
no
comes now” ni “One’s coming now” sino, literalmente,
angloparlantes. “Remover” no se traduce ni “move” (cambiar “Hay
de tiene mucho sentido ni en este contexto ni en
angloparlantes. “Remover” no se traduce ni “move” (cambiar de casi ningún
5.sitio)
B ni uno que está
“remove” viniendo
(quitar). ahora”:
A veces “There’s
se dice en lasone coming“remove
recetas now”. 6.sitio)
D ni otro porque
“remove” “already”
(quitar). casi nunca
A veces se dicese en
emplea junto al
las recetas verbo
“remove
También
the sauce” resulta
pero casi curioso
siempre que “from
se añade ni empleamos
the heat”. la
En palabra
cuanto “think” en inglés. Recuerda que el adverbio “already”
the sauce” pero casi siempre se añade “from the heat”. En cuanto se
“that” ni “which” en estos contextos.
a “moven” me lo inventé para la ocasión. posiciona después del verbo
a “moven” me lo inventé para la ocasión.“to be”.

Aquí estamos ante uno de

Para referirnos a unlos taxi
errores
quemásno comunes
está cogido que en
cometen
inglés Aquí estamos ante uno de los errores más comunes que cometen
los españoles
empleamoscuando quieren
el adjetivo integrarse
“free”. en la lo
“Liberal” significa cocina
mismoconen los españoles cuando quieren integrarse en la cocina con
angloparlantes.
inglés “Remover”
que en no seportraduce
castellano lo que ninunca
“move”debe (cambiar de
emplearse angloparlantes. “Remover”
“Creo quenonose(lotraduce ni “move” (cambiar
think it de
7.sitio)
C ni “remove” (quitar). A veces se dice en las recetas “remove C ni Para
8.sitio) decir es)” decimos “I don’t is”
para significar “libre”. Por otro lado, “that” sólo se puede o“remove” (quitar).
“I don’t think so”.A veces se dice en las recetas “remove
the sauce” pero acasi
emplear siempre
solas comosepronombre
añade “from the heat”.
cuando En “eso”
significa cuantoy the sauce” pero casi siempre se añade “from the heat”. En cuanto
a “moven” me loque
no “ése” inventé paraellauso
requiere ocasión.
de la palabra “one”: “That one”. a “moven” me lo inventé para la ocasión.

28
mastering
THE INTERROGATIVE 65
In November’s mastering the interrogative we’re going to
have a look at the verbs “to miss” and “to lose”.

Villa missed a penalty when Spain played Honduras. ? Who missed a penalty when Spain played Honduras?

Peter lost his house keys last night. ? When did Peter lose his house keys?

Sarah couldn’t sing because she had lost her voice. ? Who couldn’t sing because she had lost her voice?

Teresa misses working with Pam. ? Who does Teresa miss working with?

I’ve missed the 8:15 train three times so far this month. ? How many times have you missed the 8:15 train so far this month?

Mike wants to lose 20 kilos. ? How much weight does Mike want to lose?

I missed what you said because I wasn’t paying attention. ? Why did you miss what I said?

I spent three days looking for my phone when I lost it. ? How long did you spend looking for your phone when you lost it?

The soldier didn’t die because the bullet missed his heart. ? Why didn’t the soldier die?

Federer loses to Nadal every time they play. ? How often does Federer lose to Nadal?

No, I’ve never missed a plane. ? Have you ever missed a plane?

If I lost my engagement ring, my husband would kill me. ? What would your husband do if you lost your engagement ring?

BJ and Lucinda missed the concert because of the strike. ? Why did BJ and Lucinda miss the concert?

No, Megan has never got lost in Istanbul. ? Has Megan ever got lost in Istanbul?

When Susan was living in Australia she missed her parents. ? Who did Susan miss when she lived in Australia?

I lost my place in the line because I went to get some bread. ? Why did you lose your place in the line?

30
 elision fields
‘RAANAÚTAF’ La pá
gina
te ay que
Yet another look at the way we slide one word into another creating “new words” which sound uda
com con
unintelligible to a Spaniard. For example, when we say “itsa” we are actually using three words you know
pren la
perfectly well - it + is + a. It is essential to learn these “new words” as it will help your understanding of the sión
spoken language enormously. Recognizing these contractions or, in some cases, elisions, represents the key to
reaching a better understanding of English as spoken by native speakers. It is the key to “English Paradise”.
Don’t forget that the “Elision Fields” are right before the “Elysian Fields”.
This month’s example of real spoken English is the way many natives tend to slide the words “run out of…” (“quedarse
sin…”) together when they speak at a normal speed.

He’s RAANAÚTAF money.

Él se ha quedado sin dinero.
He’s run out of money.

It’s the second time we’ve RAANAÚTAF petrol this month.

Es la segunda vez que nos quedamos sin gasolina este mes.
It’s the second time we’ve run out of petrol this month.

They’ve RAANAÚTAF ideas.

Se han quedado sin ideas.
They’ve run out of ideas.

I’ve RAANAÚTAF coffee, would you like some tea instead?

Me he quedado sin café, ¿querrías un té?
I’ve run out of coffee; would you like some tea instead?

We’ve RAANAÚTAF milk, could you go to the shop for more? Nos hemos quedado sin leche,
We’ve run out of milk; could you go to the shop for more? ¿podrías ir a la tienda a por más?

I can't print off the document; we’ve RAANAÚTAF paper. No puedo imprimir el documento;
I can't print off the document; we’ve run out of paper. nos hemos quedado sin papel.

I can’t offer you breakfast; we’ve RAANAÚTAF bread. Lo siento, no puedo ofrecerte nada de desayuno;
I can’t offer you breakfast; we’ve run out of bread. nos hemos quedado sin pan.

He doesn’t wash his hair when they RAANAÚTAF shampoo.

Él no se lava el pelo cuando se quedan sin champú.
He doesn’t wash his hair when they run out of shampoo.

31
translation list
Ponte a prueba. Tapa la columna derecha con un papel y traduce al
inglés las frases en español. Comprobarás que tu nivel mejora a medida
ue tu
Consig que avanzas en la lista. Incluimos dos listas para diferentes niveles.
tion
Transla
t
Bookle

Nivel Principiante

1. ¿Qué estás haciendo? 1. What are you doing?

2. ¿Con qué frecuencia haces eso? 2. How often do you do that?

3. ¿Entiendes por qué le estoy buscando? 3. Do you understand why I’m looking for him?

4. Siempre le estás buscando. 4. You’re always looking for him.

5. Es porque siempre necesito encontrarle. 5. It’s because I always need to find him.

6. ¿Qué es lo que necesita tu hermano? 6. What does your brother need?

7. No estoy hablando contigo. 7. I’m not talking to you.

8. ¿Qué te pasa? 8. What’s the matter (with you)?

9. Todo el mundo quiere saber por qué. 9. Everybody wants to know why.

10. Es una reacción normal. 10. It’s a normal reaction.

Nivel Avanzado

1. Han llegado a una conclusión final. 1. They’ve reached a final conclusion.

2. Han decidido vender el negocio. 2. They’ve decided to sell the business.

3. Tienen que pagar a sus acreedores. 3. They have to pay their creditors.

4. Tienen muchas deudas. 4. They have a lot of debts.

5. Deben millones a los bancos. 5. They owe millions to the banks.

6. Nadie les dará un préstamo ahora. 6. No one will give them a loan now.

7. Es muy arriesgado invertir ahora. 7. It’s very risky to invest now.

8. La mano de obra es cara. 8. Manpower is expensive.

9. Los bancos se niegan a prestar dinero. 9. Banks refuse to lend money.

10. Nadie quiere ahorrar. 10. Nobody wants to save.

34
 creepy corner
El TERRIBLE... “Yesterday I attended TO a meeting”
g i n a d e los Muchos de los errores que cometen los españoles son debidos a la tendencia
La pá
más
errores s
existente a traducir frases y expresiones del español al inglés de forma literal. Un

m u n e s y má claro ejemplo de ello es acompañar al verbo “to attend” (“asistir”) de la

co
es
horribl preposición “to” cuando en realidad a éste no le sigue ninguna preposición. Lo
mismo sucede con el sustantivo “attendance” (“asistencia”), si bien en este caso, a
éste le acompaña la preposición “at”.

El jefe de estudios expulsó a Peter porque The headmaster expelled Peter because his
su asistencia al colegio era esporádica. attendance to at school was sporadic.

Me quedé dormida y no asistí a la clase. I overslept and didn’t attend to the lecture.

La semana pasada diversas personalidades Last week various celebrities attended

asistieron a la ceremonia en Madrid. to the ceremony in Madrid.

Her English didn’t get any better

Su inglés no mejoró porque sólo asistió a una clase.
because she only attended to one class.

Su jefe nunca le ha dicho nada, His boss has never said anything to him,
pero rara vez asiste a las reuniones. but he rarely attends to meetings.

Finalmente se dio de baja porque asistía a He eventually dropped out because he

sus clases de tenis de manera esporádica. attended to his tennis classes sporadically.

No firmaron el contrato, ya que sólo tres They didn’t sign the contract, as only three
de las diez personas asistieron a la reunión. out of ten people attended to the meeting.

Mis vecinos asisten a misa de forma regular. My neighbours attend to Mass regularly.

Shelly no pudo asistir al concierto porque Shelly couldn’t attend to the concert because
había dado a luz el día anterior. she had given birth the day before.

El 25 de junio él va a asistir a un festival en Londres. On the 25th of June he’s attending to a festival in London.

35