DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY

FACULTY OF SCIENCE

LAB REPORT

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I

CHM3201

MODULE 4: Thin layer chromatography

SEMESTER 1

2021/2022

NAME: SEHNEGHA A/P KASIRAJAN

MATRICS NUMBER: 202385

COURSE: BACHELOR’S IN SCIENCE BIOLOGY

DEMONSTRATOR: MS SYAFIQAH
1. Explain from your understanding the meaning ‘like attracts like’ related to
polarity.

Two chemical substances can have "Attraction," "No Attraction," or

"Repulsion" depending on their polarity. Polar molecules attract polar
molecules, whereas nonpolar molecules repel polar molecules, as illustrated
by the term "like attracts like." Polar molecules repel non-polar molecules,
whereas non-polar molecules attract non-polar molecules and repel polar
molecules. The polarity of a molecule is determined by its structure and
electron charge distribution.

2. Answer the following question in relation to the experiment.

a) Draw the TLC profiles acquired by the three solvent systems used.
 b) Calculate the R f of the main spots in each solvent system.

Lawsomia

Rr (ext) : 0.5 / 4.6 = 0.11 cm

Rr (stn) : 1.1 / 4.6 = 0.24 cm

Caffeine 8:2

Rr (ext) : 0.0 / 4.6 = 0 cm

3. \ How are the spots on the TLC plates observed? Why the spots should not be
observed or detected only by one method?

The silica gel on the TLC plate has been impregnated with a fluorescent
material that glows under UV light. We'll use a pencil to mark their
position under UV light. At least two visualization approaches were taken,
in case one of them fails to reveal a compound.

4. When using the mobile phase system of hexane: ethyl acetate (9:1), lawsone
spot can be detected near the bottom of the TLC plate. What can you do to

make the lawsone spot be observed above R = 0.5? f

By changing the mobile phase system's ratio by lowering hexane and raising
ethyl acetate.
5. Identify chemical constituents in the three plant samples.

1. Lawsonia inermis carbohydrates, phenolic compounds, flavonoids,

saponins, proteins, alkaloids, terpenoids, quinones, coumarins,
xanthones, 6% fat, 2-3% resin and 7-8% tannins and
2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (lawsone).

2. Camellia Sinensis catechin, epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin gallate,

theanine, theaflavin, gallocatechol, theophylline, theaflavin digallate,
gallocatechin gallate, triterpenoid saponin, xanthosine, theasinensin.