Ra

jku
mar
iamr
itk
aur
c
oll
egeo
fnu
rsi
ng
L
ajpa
tna
gar
,ne
wde
lhi

To
pic
“ASSESSMENTOFL EARNI
NG,NEEDS,PRIORI
TIES,
RESOURCES,PROGRAMMEPLANNING,
IMPLEMENTATIONANDEVALUATIONOF
CONTINUINGEDUCATIONPROGRAM”

SUBMI
TTED TO-
SUBMI
TTEDBY-
MADAM MRS. SUNI
TA PATNEY
AKANSHA
ASSOCI
ATE PROFESSOR
MSC(PREV.)
RAKCON
RAKCON
1
ASSESSMENTOFLEARNI
NG,NEEDS,PRIORITIES,RESOURCES,PROGRAM
PLANNING,I
MPLEMENTATIONANDEVAL UATIONOFCONTI NUI
NG
EDUCATIONPROGRAMME
I
NTRODUCTI
ON
Educat
ionist h
epr oc
essofbri
ngingaboutdesi
rabl
ec hangeinthebehavi
oro fthel
e a
[Link] on
tin
uo u
s
andnevere ndi
ngpr o
cessofdevel
opmento fon
e'[Link]
ngedu c
ati
onisa i
me datproduci
ng
tr
aine
da ndt echni
cal
lycompet
entnursestoworkinv a
riousheal
thcaresett
ingsandn u
rsi
n gtr
aini
ng
i
nsti
tut
[Link] i
nginfl
uenc
edbyt h
en umerousch
a nge
st ak
ingplacei
nt hesoci
ety,advanc
e ment
sinthefield
ofmedicalscien
cea ndtech
nol
ogy,thescopeofn ur
singpracti
[Link] ur
sesisexpanded
[Link]
n,demandsnursestowo r
kins peci
al
ize
da r
easo fnursi
ngpracti
[Link]
her,the
publ
icdema ndforimprovedheal
thcarehasplacedac hal
lengebefo
ret henurs
estowo rk-uptothelevelof
perf
ecti
on.
DEFI
NITI
ONS
•Edu c
ati
onisth
ea ll
-rounddrawi
ngouto ft
hebestinc h
il
dandma n,body,mi
ndandspi
ri
t.— MKGandhi
•Educat
ioni
sthedevelopmentofal
lthoseca
pabil
i
tiesinthei
ndi
vidu
alwh i
chwi
lle
nabl
ehimtocon
tro
lhis
en
vir
onmentandful
l-fi
llhisres
pon
sibi
li
ti
es.— JohnDe wey
•Educat
ioni
ssel
f-real
izati
onandserv
iceofthepeople
.— Gu r
uNa nd
Co
nti
nui
ngEdu
cat
ion
•Co nt i
nui
nge du
cati
o nisan' educ
atio
nala ct
ivi
ty,pri
ma ri
lydesi
gn e
dtok eeptheregi
st
erednursesabre
astof
theirpa r
ti
cularfi
eldo fint
e r
estanddon otl e
adt oanyf ormaladvanc
eds t
andinginth
epro f
essi
on.
•Co nt i
nui
nge du
cati
o n:Inclu
desa l
lofthosee ducat
ionalacti
vit
iesorlea
rni
n gacti
vi
ti
esthatoccur
sa f
teran
i
n di
v i
dualhasc o
mpletedh isbasi
ce duc
ati
o n.— Co oper
Ac cordi
ngt oAme r
icanNu rsesAssocia
tio
n(ANA)-
Con t
inui
nge duc
ati
o nc o
nsist
so fplann
edl ear
ningexperie
n cebeyondaba s
icn u
rsi
ngeduc
ationa
lprogram.
Th e
sea rede s
igne
dt opr omotethede v
elopmento fknowledgeskil
lsandatti
tudeforth
eenh a
ncementof
nursingpracti
ce,thusimpro v
inghealt
hc aretothepu bl
ic.
Pr
oce
sso
fco
nti
nui
ngn
urs
inge
duc
ati
on
Cont
inu
ingeducati
onmu stachi
evec oal
iti
onbe t
weenn u
rsi
ng,me di
cine,dent
istr
ya ndo t
herhealt
hcaref i
el
ds
i
nthede v
elopmentofn e
ws truc
turef ora dmini
str
ati
ona ndfina
[Link]
erdisc
ipli
naryprogra
msmu stbe
es
tabl
is
hedt oavoi
ddu pl
icati
ono fe fforts
,timeandmo neya swellastoa s
sistinthec r
eati
onofteama nd
moneyaswellastoa ss
istinthecr eati
o nofteama pproa
cht ohealthcare.
 Itisac ommonbe li
efseena mongn urs
esthattheyfeelthei
re duc
ati
o nfini
shesastheycomplet
eb asi
c
nursi
[Link] cean ur sea l
waysan urs
[Link] a
s tchan
gesinme dicaltec
hnolo
gyn u
rseh a
s
tok e
e pupdat
ingh e
rk nowledg e
.Co nti
nui
ngn ur
sin
ge ducat
ionprograms houl
da ls
obepl ann
edo n
regul
arba s
is.
 Wh i
leplanni
ngc o
n t
inui
nge du c
ationorin-servi
ceeducati
ont hefol
lowingstepsneedtob efol
lowed
 Identi
fyi
ngthelearnin
gn eedso fthenursi
ngpersonn
e l
.
 Setti
nggo a
lsandd efi
nings pecifi
co b
ject
ives
.

2
  Pla
nningando rga
nizi
ngcours
ea n
dde
sig
nin
gle
arn
inge
xpe
rie
nce
.
 Asse
ssi
nga vai
labl
eresour
ces.
 Est
abli
shi
ngawo r
kablebudget
.
 Impl
eme n
tingplanofteachi
ng.
 Eval
uati
ngt h
epr ogr
am.
 Mayr e
starttheproces
s.
ASSESSEMENTOFL
EARNI
NG
1.I dent
ify
inglea
r n
ingneeds
Toident
if
ythelearni
ngn ee
dso fthein
divi
dual
’ssur
vey,sl
i
pt ec
hni
que(writ
ingo
pin
iononas
ma l
lpi
eceo
f
paper
),me et
ing
,sk i
l
la s
sessments
tudi
es,int
ervi
ews
,c o
nsul
tat
ionmeet
ing
,a nda
chi
eveme
ntt
estmay
beused.
Theneedma ybeindi
vidua
l,o r
gani
zat
iona
lorc o
mmu n
ity
.

2. Sett
inggoal
sanddefi
ni
ngs pe
cif
icobj
ecti
ves
I
tisi
mportan
ttoest
abl
ishgoal
s/purpo
seanddefi
neth
especi
fi
cobj
ect
ive
s,whi
chwil
lgi
vedi
rec
tio
ni n
pl
anni
ngandassi
sti
nthedeter
minat
ionofappr
opri
ateo
bje
cti
ves
.The
yshouldbest
ate
donbehav
ioralt
erms
andse
rvedif
fere
ntf
unct
ions
.

3. Planni
nga n
do rg
anizi
ngcour
sea nddes
ign
ingle
a r
nin
ge xpe
rien
ces
Pl
anni
nga n
do r
gani
zati
onisth
er e
lati
onofeff
ortsandcapaci
ti
esofin
divi
dua
lsandgr
oupse
nga
gedu
pona
commontaskinsuc
hawa ya st
os ec
urethedesi
redobj
ecti
veswit
hthelea
stfri
cti
ona
ndthemos
t
sat
is
fact
ionforwhomthetaski
sdo ne.

NEEDSOFCNE
 Toensuresafeande ffe
cti
ven ur
si
ngc ar
e
 Tomeett heneedo fpopulat
ionandshoul
dc at
ertot
hen
eedo
fse
rvi
ce
 Deve
lopme n
to fnursesbyupdati
ngt h
eirkno
wledg
e
 Forcareeradvance
me nt
 Toacquir
es peci
al
izedskil
ls
 Itpr
ovideo ppor
tunit
yf o
rpr of
essi
onalgr
owth

PRI
ORI
TIES
(Thecour
sereq
uire
dtomeetthespe
cif
icobj
ecti
ve):
Asse
ssmentofne
edswil
lbedonebysur
vey,t
hroughmail
edque
sti
onna
ire
,inte
rvi
ewfor
ma landi
nfo
rma l
di
scu
ssi
onswit
hparti
ci
pan
ts(fe
edback
)a ndche
ckli
[Link]
tera
sses
sin
gthen e
eds,pri
ori
ti
zati
onofneedshas
tobedone.

RESOURCES
 Ass
esst
hea
vai
la
bler
eso
urc
esf
ore
sta
bli
shi
ngt
hepr
ogr
am:-Ca
ref
ula
sse
ssme
nto
fwa
ysa
ndme
anst
o
me
ett
hee
sta
bli
she
dpr
ogr
amg
oal
[Link]
cul
ty,f
ina
nce
san
dfa
cil
i
tie
sma
ybes
eena
sth
ema
jorr
eso
urc
es

3
 requir
edf orac onti
nui
ngn ur
singe ducat
ionprogra
m.
-Abr oadsurveyo fthema j
orresourcesa r
en ece
ssarytothet ot
alcon
tin
u i
nge ducat
ionprogra
ma n
damo re
detai
l
e da s
sessmentf o
ra nyspeci
ficc our
seo racti
vi
ty.
•Plant hebu dgetappropriat
ef orthepr ogr
a m:Separat
ebu dgetisr
equir
edf ore ac
hs peci
fi
cactiv
ityand
eachindivi
dualofferi
ngise x
pecteda cti
vit
ya ndeachindi
vidualoff
eri
ngase xpectedtobes el
f-support
ing.
Budgetr equ
iresascert
ainalltheantici
patedc os
tsoftheo ff
ering
.
•Selecti
ono fresources:Resourcesa r
ec at
egori
zedasf i
nancia
lreso
urces,huma nresour
ces,fac
ili
ti
es,
equi
pme ntands uppli
es.
•Impl ementi
ngt hePr og
ram:T hepr ogrammu stbeimple
me ntedasperthes etobject
ivesandtheresourc
es
avai
lable:
-De velopthea genda
-Pr eparec orr
espondencetog ue
sts peaker
-Co ndu c
tthee ducati
onpr og
ram

PL
ANNI
NGPROCESS
Nurseside nt
ifymo stclose
lywi thplanningf orcli
entc are,buttheprinci
pleso fplanni
nga pplytoawi de
var
ietyo fs i
tuat
ionsv ar
iousa pproachesma ybeu sedi nplanni
ngf orconti
nuingeducati
on.
• Establis
hingg o
a l
swi t
ht hepu rposeo rph i
losophyo ftheo rg
aniza
tio
n :Pu r
poseg i
vesdirectio
ninpl a
nning.
Iti
de nti
fiesther easonfore xis
te nc
[Link] rposeisba sedo nthelearni
ngn eedsa ndsocie
taln eeds,soithasto
bere vi
ewe dfromt i
met ot i
mea n destate
sa sa ppropriat
e .
 T hepla n
ningfo r
mu l
a :Itpr ovi
desaf ra
me wo r
kf orprogramplanning:-
Wha tist obedo ne?
-Ge tac learunderstandingo fwha tyouru ni
ti sexpectedtodoi nrelati
ont othewo rka s
s i
gnedtoit?
Brea ktheu ni
t'swo r
ki ntose parat
ej obstermso fthee co
nomicaluseofme n,equi
pss pace,ma te
rial
sand
mo neyy ouh a
vea ty ourdi sposal.
Wha tisitn ecessa
ry ?
-Wh enbr eaki
ngt heun i
tsin t
os eparatejobs,t hi
n,o ftheobject
ivesofe achjob,thisma ya l
ter
nate
me t
h odso rthepo ss
ibi
li
t yofe li
minati
n gpa r
tso fjobso rwh ol
ejobs.
howi stobedo ne?
Inr el
ationtoe achjob,l ookf orbetterwa yso fdoingitintermso ftheu ti
l
izati
ono fme n,ma t
eri
als,
equipme ntandmo ne
y.
whereist obedo ne?
Studyt hef l
owo fwo rka ndt hea v
a i
la
bili
tyo fth ema ter
ial
sa n
dbe stsuitedme nfordo i
ngt hewo r
k/j o
b.
Wh eni stobedo ne?Fitt hej obintoat imet ableschedulethatwil
lper mitthema x
imu mu ti
li
zat
ionofme n,
ma t
e ri
als
,e qui
pme ntsan dmo ne
ya ndt heco mpleti
ono fthejoba tthewa ntedtime.
Whos ho ul
ddot hejob?
Determinewh ats k
il
lsa ren eededt odoj ob?Su cce
ssfull
y,sel
ectandt rainthema nbe stfit
tedforthe
job.

•Es
tabl
is
hgo
alsa
ndo
bje
cti
ves
:Pl
ann
ingmo
vest
owa
rdsg
oal
swh
icha
res
ign
ifi
can
tan
dre
ali
st
ic,wh
ich
4
 c
anbeatt
[Link] bject
iveisspeci
fi
c,itisade si
rede ndoraccompli
shmen
ttobes ought
.
Obj
ect
ive
s:
 Toassi
stthen ur
sei nidenti
fyi
ngandme eti
ngc urr
entlear
nin
gn eedsandthos
en ee
dsg e
nerate
db y
chang
ingprofess
ionalpracti
ce.
 Toencouragethen ur
set oident
if
ya ndinfl
uencesocie
talchangeswhi
chhaveimpli
cat
ion
sf ornur
si
ng
andtomo dif
ypr act
icea cc
ordi
ngly
 Topromo t
et h
ede velopmentofleader
shippo t
entia
lfornurse.
 Toident
ifynursi
ngpr oble
msa ndseeki
ngs ol
utiontothem.
 Todevelopvari
edt eachin
gme thodforextendi
ngn urs
ingknowl
edgea ndc
ompe t
ency.
 Tofaci
li
tatereturntopr act
ice
.
 Toassessthehealthne e
dso fnurs
es,hospi
tala ndcommunit
yt oplan
,imple
me n
ta n
de val
uate
educa
tio
n a
lprogramsi nh o
spit
alandh e
althf a
cil
iti
es.

I
MPL
EMENTATI
ON
 Imple
me nttrai
ni
ngplan:th
erea r
et wobasicapproachtoimpleme n
ttraini
ngplan:onisc e
ntere
dt o
tr
aine
rwh oc ont
rolthel
earni
ngcontentandexperience
sa ndotherislearn
erc en
tre
d,withthetrai
ner
asag ui
dea ndprovi
deresour
[Link]
cha ssumethatpeo pl
ea reableandwil
li
ngtolearnif
the
ya regiventheprope
rma te
rial
sina natmospherethatisconduci
vet olear
nin
g.
 Conducttra
inin
g:I t’
simport
anttopr ovi
deyourt r
aini
ngtoe mployeesinthewaysthatwil
lbemo st
use
fultothem.
 Format
iveevaluat
ion:Lear
ningandde vel
opmentpro gr
amsa r
en’ts t
ati
c.T hebestone
sconti
nuall
y
evol
vea n
di mprove.
 Wat
chi
ngh owe mploy
eesac c
ess an
di n
ter
a c
twi t
hy ourtrai
ni
ng,andevalu
ati
ngits
e
ffe
cti
ven
ess
,he
lpsy
oude
cideh
owt
oma
kei
tbe
tte
r.i
ntr
ain
ingf
orma
tiv
eev
alu
ati
on/a
sse
ssme
nti
s
i
mpo r
tantbe ca
us ethea imo fthec our
seistoimprovepe rfo
r mance,nottog r
a dethepa rt
ici
pa n
[Link]
tr
a i
ne rcanh el
pt hemt ol ear
nmo r
eq ui
cklybyprovi
di ngthe
mwi t
hc onst
ruct
ivec ri
ti
ci
smdu r
ingCNE.
 Docu menttrain
ingr es
u l
ts:a fterconducti
ngthetrai
n in
ga ndf o
rma t
iveevalu
ation,r es
ultswillbe
docume nt
ed
 Condu ctsumma ti
vee valuati
on:A  s
ummat iveevaluat i
on (sometimesr eferredt oasex ternal)i s
amet hodofj udgingt hewor thofapr ogramatt heendoft heprogramac tivi
ti
es
(summat i
on).Thef ocu sisont heou [Link] heendoft hewhol eCNEpr ogram,t he
trainingpr ogramar eev aluatedwhet hertheobj ectiv
ehav ebeenmetornot .
 Analyzec ol
lect
edi nfo
r ma t
ion:cri
ti
c a
la n
alys
isofa l
lt hecol
lectedinfor
ma t
iono rtheresultofthe
tr
a i
ningprog r
ami sdonet ofindo utanyshort
cominga nda n
a l
yset h
es uc
cesso fthepro g
ram
 Init
iatecorrecti
vea ct
ion :too v
e r
comea nyshort
comin gandla c
kingintheprog ram,correcti
vea c
tio
n
tobet ak
ena ndu setha tcorrecti
veme asu
reswhil
ec onducti
nga notherCNEpr ogram.

Ev
alu
ati
ngt
hepr
ogr
am:
Eval
uat
ionmu
stbedoneattheen
do ft
heprogr
amtoident
if
yt h
esucce
ssf
uli
mpl
ement
ati
onofth
eprogr
am.
T
hismaybedonebyu
singra
tin
gscal
e,i
nte
rvi
ews,a
tti
tudet
est,obs
erv
ati
onofsk
il
ls
,ques
ti
onn
air
e,pr
ea nd

5
po
st-t
esta
nda
udi
oorv
ide
ota
pes
.
EVAL
UATI
ON
•Staffdevelopmentprogr
ami sa ni
mpo rt
antPa rtofass
ist
ingpe r
formancei
mprovemen
tatorgan
izat
ional
,
facul
ty/cent
raldepart
ment,un i
tandindivi
duallevel
[Link]
inui
nge ducat
ionprogr
amisthemostef
fic
ientand
effect
ivemethodo ftr
ain
ingthee mpl
oyeesb eca
useo fi
tsconcordancewithth
reebasi
clawsofnur
sin
gl awof
readi
ness,lawo fexe
rci
sea n
dt helawo feffe
ct.
•Co nt
inui
ngedu c
ati
onismo stappro
priatewayo fteach
ingthee mploye
estheknowl
edgeandski
ll
sthatcan
bel e
arntrel
ati
v el
yinas ho
rtt i
[Link] ucc
esso fthetr
aini
ngpr ogr
amde pendsupo
nthetrai
neri
fh e
/s h
e
underst
andstraini
ngpri
nci
plesa ndmethodsproperly
.

DEFI
NITIONOFEVAL UATI ON
•Eval
uati
onistheprocessoffi
ndi
ngou
th owthedeve
lopmen
to rt
rai
nin
gpr o
cessh
asa
ffec
tedthei
ndi
vi
dual
,
te
ama ndtheorgan
izat
ion.
•Eval
uati
onisav a
luejudgmentonanobs
erva
tion
,'perf
ormanc
etest
'o ri
ndeedan
ydat
awh e
the
rdir
ect
ly
meas
uredorinf
erred.

TYPESOFEVAL UATI ON
•Formati
veeval
uati
on :Eval
uati
onthatisus
edt omodi
fyofimprov
eapr ofes
sio
naldevel
opme
ntpro
grami
s
cal
le
df o
rmati
vee v
aluati
[Link]
iveeval
uati
onisdoneati
nter
valsduri
ngapr of
ess
ion
aldev
elo
pment
pro
[Link]
ici
patesa r
ea s
kedforfeedbac
ka ndcommen
ts,whi
che na
blethestaf
fdevelo
per
stomakemi
d
cou
rsecorr
ect
ionsandt odof i
netu
rningtoimprov
ethequal
it
yo ftheprogr
am.

•Summati
veeval
uat
ion
:Ev a
luat
iontodetermi
netheoveral
lef
fect
iven
essofaprofessi
ona
ldeve
lopmen
t
pr
ogramisca
ll
edsummati
vee v
aluat
ion
.Su mmati
veeval
uati
oni
sdo neatth
ec onc
lusi
onoftheprogr
[Link]
s
co
lle
cte
da tt
hre
elevel
s:educa
torpracti
ces,o
rgani
zat
ion
alchang
es,andstude
nto u
tcomes
.

LEVELSOFEVAL UATION
 Re ac
tio
n
 L earni
ng
 Be h
avioranda c
t i
ons,a n
d
 Re s
ult
s
•Re acti
on:Me asur
eh owt hosewh opa r
ti
cipat
ei nprofessi
onaldevel
opmentacti
vit
iesreac
tt owhathasb een
prese
nted?Al thoug
ht ypi
call
yc haracte
rize
da s'theha ppi
nessquoti
ent'part
ici
pate
sn eedtoh av
epo si
ti
ve
react
iontoapr ofessi
onal--de velopmenta c
tiv
ityifi
n for
ma t
ionistobelearnedandbe hav
ioristobe
changed.•L ear
ning:Me asur
e sthee xt
entthatprofessi
onaldevel
opme ntact
ivi
ti
eshaveimprovedpa r
ti
cipant
s
knowl
edg eincr
easedskill
san dchan ge
dt hei
ra t
ti
[Link] g
esininstr
ucti
onalbehavi
oranda ct
ionscannot
tak
epl acewithoutthe
sel ea
rningo bjec
tiv
esbe i
nga cc
o mpli
shed.
•Be havi
or:Me asur
esth attakesplacewh enthepa r
ti
cipantcompletesaprofess
iona
lde v
elopmentacti
vi
t y
.It
i
simpo rt
a n
ttou nders
tand,h owever,thatinst
ructo
rsc annotchan
g ethei
rbehavi
orsunles
sth eyhavean
opport
u ni
tytodos o.
•Re su
lts:Me asu
resthef i
nalr es
ultsthatoccurr
edbe causeaninstru
ctorpart
ici
pate
d,i npr o
fessi
on
6
de
vel
opme
nta
cti
vi
ti
[Link]
uat
ingr
esu
ltsr
epr
ese
ntst
heg
rea
tes
tch
all
eng
eine
val
uat
ingpr
ofe
ssi
ona
l
de
vel
opme
nta
pproa
ches.

STAGESOFDEVEL OPI NGCNE

•Analy
sis
 An al
yzeneeds
 Go al
s
 Priori
ti
es
 -Re sour
ces
 -Co nst
rai
nts
 Altern
atede l
ive
rys ys
tems
 De t
erminescopean dsequ
enceprog
ram(byta
ska
ndj
oba
nal
ysi
s).
•Desi
gn
 Emph asi
zeswhatwi l
lbetaught
 De t
erminetrai
nin
ga pproac
h
 De ve
loplearni
ngo bj
ecti
ves
 Pe r
formanceme as
u r
es
 T r
aini
ngprograms peci
fi
cati
onsoftr
ain
ing

Fo
rmu
lat
e Obj
ect
ive
s

De
ter
min
e Du
rat
iono
fco
urs
e

De
cide Pl
acea
ndv
enu
e

Se
lec
t T
eam/e
xce
pt/c
oor
din
ato
r

De
fin
e Pa
rti
ci
pan
ts:L
eve
l,n
umbe
r,me
tho
dofs
ele
cti
on

Pr
ovi
de Le
arn
ingex
per
ien
ce:T
ime
/du
rat
iono
fth
eor
y,
pr
act
ica
l

•De
vel
opment
 Emphasi
zesonh owth
ec on
ten
twillb
et au
ght
 Devel
opc ur
ri
culumgui
de-L es
sonplan
 Support
ivetea
chinga
ids
 Revis
ema te
rial
.

Ev
alu
ati
onme
tho
ds:Obs
erv
ati
on,q
ues
ti
onn
air
es,i
nte
r-v
iew,s
elf
-di
ari
es.

7
SUMMARYANDCONCL
USI
ON:
Cont
inu
ingnur
sin
ge ducati
onisamo dernimperat
ive,itmustbefutur
eo ri
ent
ed,gearedtofacenewsit
uati
on
an
dma kin
gofn ewre s
ponsesappropriat
ef orsi
tuat
[Link] o
wledgeisemergi
ngrapidl
yinthephysi
cal
,
bi
olo
gical
,behav
ior
a landme di
calscience
[Link] nt
inu
e snurs
ingeduca
tio
npr og
rams ho
uldbede ve
lope
dby
nu
rsesandconduc
tedwi t
hinnursi
ngo ring e
n e
raleducati
onsyst
emi nco-opera
tio
nwithn u
rse
s.
Sotodaywehaved i
scuss
eda boutco n
tinu
ingeducati
on,proces
so fconti
nui
ngeducat
ion,pl
anni
ngprocess
,
i
mplement
ati
onande valu
ati
on .

REFRENCES:
s
t
 CopperSS,Hor
nbackSM;Co n
tin
uin
gn ur
si
n geduca
tio
n;1 e [Link]
tedst
ate
s:ABl a
kis
tonpubl
i
cat
ion
;
1973;pp:81-101
.
s
t
 KaurJS;Compr
ehe
nsi
vetex
tbookofNursi
ngEdu c
ati
on;1 [Link]
i:Jay
peepubli
cat
ion
s;2017;
pp:316-22.
s
t
 GuptaS;Atext
bookofn
ursi
ngeducat
ion
;1 e
[Link] wDel
h i
:kumarpubl
ic
ati
ons;2016;pp:288-96