EDUCATIONAL PREPARATIONS FOR NURSES

INTRODUCTION:

Nursing is interpreted in different ways by different people.

It is still thought by many people that nursing is only taking care of sick person.

It is only helping the doctor in treatment of the patients.

No medical service is complete without nursing or without trained nurses.

Nursing comprises of several responsibilities like dealing with patients of medical illness, clients
having surgeries, psychiatric or pediatric patients.

Nursing also involves other duties like maintaining patients, dispensing medication, setting up
the equipments of an operation theatre and many other routine jobs.

MEANING

Educational preparation for nurses means preparing the nurses at university level and school of
nursing, at hospital level and at community level.

GROWTH OF HEALTH INDUSTRY

The demands for nurses are also increasing making a ‘career in nursing’.

Schools, colleges, hospitals, community health centers need trained and qualified nurses (source
Indian nursing council 1986)

Last 40 years have produced 4271 B.sc nursing and M.sc nursing degree nurses. Around 200,000
general nurses are produced. For large infrastructure of health centers, for 600 million population
of rural India around 100,000 of ANM / FHW are produced till date.

Studies reveal nurses dissatisfaction with staffing because they are overloaded with work. This is
because of the lack of nursing personnel so there is need for educational preparation for nurses.
Total nursing man power required for urban and rural nursing services given by high power
committee up to 2006

Nurse Midwives: 743114

Public Health Nurses: 34875
Health Supervisor: 107960
ANM/Health Worker: 323882
CRITERIA FOR SELECTION IN NURSING
Candidates who wish to apply for nursing courses should pass physics and chemistry and biology
as main subjects.

Major Courses in nursing

The major courses their duration and their eligibility requirements are:

Name of Course Duration Eligibility

ANM/Health Worker 18 Months 10th Standard
G.N.M 3 ½ Years 10+2 with Biology, Physics
and Chemistry
B.Sc Nursing 4 ½ Years 10+2 with Biology, Physics
and Chemistry

Auxiliary Nurse Midwifery Program

It is a nursing programme with the duration of 18 months. It was first started at S. Mary’s
Hospital Taren in Punjab in 1951. Initially, very few training centers undertook to give this
course, but the financial aid given by the Govt. of India under the scheme for preparing
personnel for Primary Health Centers gave a great impetus to the training programme.

General Nursing Midwifery Programme

1. The Indian nursing council at its meeting in 1950 came out with some important
decisions relation to the future pattern of Nursing Training in India. One of the important
decisions was that there should be only two standards of training of nursing and
midwifery. So, the General Nursing and Midwifery course was started.

Basic B.Sc Nursing

1. It is the nursing programme at university level. It was first started in 1948 in Raj Kumari
Amrit Kaur College of Nursing, New Delhi. Similar Course in B.Sc Nursing was started
by other universities also.

After the completion of these major courses, there are other certificate courses and master
degrees in Nursing and doctorate in Nursing.

Name of Course Duration Eligibility

Name of Course Duration Eligibility

Post basic B.Sc Nursing 2 years 1 year experience with
diploma in nursing
 M.Sc Nursing 2 years B.Sc Nursing with 1 Year
experience
M.Phil in Nursing 2 Years Part Time 1 ½ Yrs M.Sc Nursing
Regular
Ph.D in Nursing 3 Years 2 Years After M.Sc Nursing After
M.Phil Nursing

1. Post Basic Post Certificate B.Sc Nursing:

The need for higher training for certificate nurses was stressed by Mudaliar Committee, and
the two years Post Basic certificate B.Sc. Degree programme after G.N.M. was started in
1962.

2. Post Graduation Education:

Two years formal course in Master of Nursing programme was started in 1959 in Raj Kumar
Amrit Kaur College of Nursing and one can choose specialty according to his/her choice.

3. M.Phil Nursing Programme:

M.Phil Nursing programme is first started in Raj Kumari Amrit Kaur, College of Nursing on
Oct. 15, 1986. This is the programme for one and half year for regular candidates and two
years for part time candidates.

4. Ph.D. Programme:

Ph.D programme was started in few colleges like College of Nursing P.G.I., College of
Nursing CMC vellore, R.A.K. College of Nursing, Delhi. It is a 3 years programme after
M.Sc Nursing and 2 years programme after M.Phil in Nursing.

Continuing Education

Meaning:

• It is “an extension of opportunities for reading, study and training to any person and adult
following their completion of or withdrawal from full time school/or college programmes.

Definition of Continuing Education

 "Continuing education is all the learning activities that occur after an individual has
completed his basic education". -"Cooper"
 "That education which builds on previous education". -"Shannon"
 Continuing education is an “educational activity” primarily designed to keep the
registered nurses abreast of their particular field of interest and do not lead to any
 formal advanced standing in the profession (Nursing Thesaurus of the International
Nursing Index.)
 Continuing education in nursing consists of planned learning experience beyond a
basic nursing educational programme. These experiences are designed to promote the
development of knowledge, skills and attitudes for the enhancement of nursing
practice, thus improving health

Need for continuing education in nursing

1. Phenomena of Change:

Basically the need for continuing education emerges from phenomena of change, Change in
what is known about man and how he functions in health and illness, changes in the ways in
which people meet the challenge to survive in a dynamic age, and change in the objectives
organization and financing of health

2. Altered professional roles:

As the society changes and as new technologies and knowledge is emerges, the professional
roles are altered. The individual who avoid chance of acquiring new knowledge, he meet the
challenge of change, he cannot adopt himself according to the changing demands.

3. Effective and wise leadership and competent practitioners:

For the development of good leaders, continuing education must be there in nursing
educational according to the demands of society she has to become competent practitioner.

4. To fulfill needs of nurse practitioner:

The nursing profession itself and larger society highlight the need for planned programmes of
continuing education. These include charging functions of the nurse, an increasing trend
toward specialization.

The nurse and responsibility of continuing education

 With the scientific advancement, technologic innovations, social changes and with the
emergence of new patterns of health care, traditional roles of nurses are under close
scrutiny and some must inevitably give way to new roles.
 If goal of providing the best possible health care for all people is to be achieved,
nurses must become involved in creating new solutions for problems both old and
new.
 They must justify and initiate charges needed for the improvement of nursing care.
This must become the responsibility of every nurse.
Philosophy of Continuing Education:

• It has been believed that the system of higher education which provides the basic
preparation for the members of a profession must also provide opportunities for practitioners
to keep abreast of advances in their field.

Philosophy of Continuing Education in Nursing

It encompasses various aspects of life and is not limited to the professional education.
Continuing education is concerned with development of the nurse as a citizen.

These are closely interrelated but each must be considered in identifying philosophy of
education. Nurses philosophy of life nursing and education belief etc. will influence the
philosophy of continuing nursing education it focuses on the individual learner Philosophy in
thought of relating to basic belief Actions are guided by one’s belief how one teaches relates
to his belief about learning and education Philosophy is based on value social change the
thoughtful teacher recognizes that one’s philosophy of education is always an emerging on
rather than a static one Learning must be a continuous process throughout the life span not
limited to formal courses of study.

Planning for continuing Education

 A successful continuing education programme is a result of careful and detailed planning.

 Planning is essential if learning needs of nurses are to be met and if available resources
are to be met and if available.
 Planning is required at all levels, local, state, regional and national and eventually
 Planning help to keep a minimum gap in meeting the continuing education needs of
nurses.
 Planning must be on going or continuous because rapid technologic advances and
proliferation of knowledge demands continuous planning to meet ever changing learning
needs.

Planning Process:

Nurses identify most closely with planning for client care, but the principles of planning
apply to a wide variety of situations various approaches may be used in planning for
continuing education.

The Planning Formula

1. What is to be done? Get a clear understanding of what your unit is expected to do in

relation to the work assigned to it. Break the unit’s work into separate jobs in terms of the
economical use of men, equipment, space, materials and money you have at your
 2. Why is it necessary? When breaking the units into separate jobs, think of the objectives of
each job. This may suggest alternate methods or the possibility of eliminating parts of jobs or
whole jobs.

3. How is it to be done? In relation to each job, look for better ways of doing it in terms of
the utilization of men, materials, equipment and money.

4. Where is to be done? Study the flow of work and the availability of the materials and
equipments best suited men for doing the job.

5. When is it to be done? Fit the job into a time schedule that will permit the maximum
utilization of men, materials, equipment and money, and the completion of the job at the
wanted time.

6. Who should do the job? Determine what skills are needed to do job. Successfully, select a
train the man best fitted for the job

CAREER OPPORTUNITIES

For the nurse means opportunities for a nurse to develop her own career in nursing.

• There was a time when professional nurses had very little choice of service because nursing
was mostly centered in the hospital and bedside nursing. Many nurses served as staff nurses
only with practically no chance of change

The Opportunities for a nurse can be set as:-

1. Hospital Nursing Services

2. In School of Nursing
3. In college of Nursing
4. In Community Health Nursing
5. Nursing service in Industry.
6. Nursing service as private duty nurse.
7. Nursing service in the Red Cross society.
8. Nursing service for military personnel.
9. Nursing service abroad.
10. Opportunities for male nurses.
11. Clinical Nurse Specialist.
12. Licensed Practical Nurse.
13. Nurse Anesthetist.
14. Nurse-Midwife.
15. Nurse Practitioner.
16. Nursing Assistant.
17. Registered Nurse.
1. Hospital Nursing Services

 Staff Nurse (3yrs G.N.M./Psychiatric Nursing Diploma/Certificate, recognized by INC).

 Senior Staff Nurse (G.N.M. or B.Sc Nursing and have experience as staff Nurse of not
less than 5 years).
 Nursing Superintendent Grade II (Experience as a senior staff Nurse).
 Nursing Superintendent Grade-I (should have experience as Nursing).

2. Nursing Services in the School of Nursing

 Nursing Tutor (B.Sc Nursing or M.Sc Nursing) or a diploma in Nursing education and
administration.
 Clinical Instructor (B.Sc Nursing or M.Sc Nursing with or without experience).
 Principal, School of Nursing (M.Sc Nursing or B.Sc Nursing and should have teaching
experience in school of nursing not less than 5 years.)

3. Nursing Services in the College of Nursing

 Principal, College of Nursing (M.Sc nursing or equivalent degree or Ph.D in Nursing or

other doctorate degree and teaching experience in college not less than 5 years)
 Lecturer (M.Sc Nursing)
 Senior Lecturer: Experience as Junior Lecturer.
 Assistant Professor: (M.Sc Nursing or Ph.D in Nursing with any specialty) and have
teaching experience in the college of Nursing not less than 5 years).
 Clinical Instructor (B.Sc Nursing or M.Sc Nursing with or without experience)
 Professor (M.Sc Nursing or Ph. D in Nursing with any specialty and should have teaching
experience in the college of nursing not less than 5 years.)

4. In Community Health Nursing

 Community Health Nurse/Community Nursing Officer (B.Sc Nursing or G.N.M)

 Health Supervisor
 Nurse Midwife (G.N.M or B.Sc Nursing)

5. Nursing service in Industry Industrial Nurse (G.N.M & B.Sc Nursing Experienced)
6. Nursing Service as a Private Duty Nurse (B.Sc Nursing /Post Basic B. Sc Nursing)
7. Nursing Service in the Red Cross Society
8. Military Nursing Services (G.N.M/ B.Sc Nursing or M.Sc Nursing) and were given the
rank from Lieutenant to Brigadier.
9. Nursing Service in abroad (G.N.M./B.Sc. Nursing/ M.Sc Nursing with or without
experience)
10. Opportunity for Male Nurses
They are valuable in activities of professional organizations where travel is often
necessary.
11. Clinical nurse specialist

• Clinical nurse specialists are advanced practice registered nurses who function in one of a
number of nursing's areas of specialization.

• They may provide direct care to patients, teach in a variety of health care settings, and
work as researchers, consultants, or nurse managers.

Work Environment

o Community
o Hospitals
o Industry
o Nursing homes
o Private homes
o Private practice settings
o Public health departments
o Research centers
o School

Clinical Nurse Specialist Academic Requirements

• In order to enter a clinical nurse specialist program one must be prepared as a registered
nurse with a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN).

12. Licensed Practical Nurse

• Licensed practical nurses (LPNs) provide basic bedside care and may also give injections
and medications.

• They change dressings, evaluate patient needs, implement care plans, and supervise nursing
assistants. In an office setting they make appointments and keep patient records.

Work Environment

 Community health clinics

 Hospitals
 Long-term care facilities
 Mental health institutions
 Nursing homes
 Physicians' offices
  Private homes
 Public health departments

Licensed Practical Nurse Academic Requirements

• Completion of an accredited practical nursing program usually takes between 12 and 18

months to 4 yr.

13. Nurse Anesthetist

• Anesthesia is the use of drugs, gases, and nerve blocks to provide a partial or total loss of
pain during surgery

• During surgery, nurse anesthetists administer anesthetic drugs, monitor the patient's vital
signs and adjust the doses of anesthetics and other medications to assure optimal patient
safety and comfort.

Work Environment

• Dental offices
• Hospitals
• Military
• Outpatient surgical centers
• Pain clinics

Nurse Anesthetist Academic Requirements

• A bachelor's degree, a current nursing license, and a minimum of one year's experience as a
registered nurse in an acute care area are required.

• Nurse anesthesia programs last from 24 to 36 months, depending upon the institution and
the type of degree offered.

14. Nurse-Midwife

• Nurse-midwives provide care for healthy women before, during, and after childbirth.

• They assist in labor and delivery, help in newborn care, and counsel mothers on infant
growth and future pregnancies.

Work Environment

• Birthing centers
• Clinics
• Hospitals
• Public health departments
Nurse-Midwife Academic Requirements

• A college preparatory diploma is recommended. A Bachelor of Science in Nursing, a

current nursing license, and experience in a related field are usually required to enter a
master's level program in nurse midwifery.

15. Nurse Practitioner

• Nurse practitioners (NPs) assess health conditions, identify and diagnose problems and
develop plans to improve healthcare outcomes.

• NPs conduct health screenings and physical exams, prescribe tests and medications, and
educate patients about their conditions and the need for preventive activities.

Work Environment

• Academic institutions
• Clinics
• Community health centers
• Hospitals
• Migrant health clinics
• Military
• Physicians' offices
• Public health departments
• Rural health clinics Nurse Practitioner

Nurse Practitioner Academic Requirements

• To enter a nurse practitioner program one must be a registered nurse and hold a current
nursing license and master's degree.

16. Nursing Assistant

• Working under the supervision of a registered nurse, licensed practical nurse, or physician,
they answer patient call lights, serve meals, and check blood pressure, temperature, pulse and
breathing.

• They have a great deal of patient contact and are important in developing patient
relationships.

• They assist with medications, change linens, and teach family members to care for the
patient during recovery.

Work Environment

• Home health agencies

 • Hospitals
• Mental health institutions
• Nursing homes
• Physicians' offices
• Private homes

Nursing Assistant Academic Requirements

• A high school degree is usually required. Training is available at many technical schools. It
may be offered by employers and usually consists of at least 90 hours of lectures,
demonstrations, and supervised practice.

17. Registered Nurse

• Registered nurses (RNs) care for patients by providing both treatment and education.

• They interpret and respond to patient symptoms, reactions and progress.

• RNs also teach patients and families about proper health care, assist in patient
rehabilitation, and provide emotional and physical support to promote recovery and well-
being.

Work Environment

 Colleges and universities

 Community health clinics
 Hospitals
 Industry
 Public health departments
 Mental health institutions
 Migrant centers
 Military
 Nursing homes
 Physicians’ offices
 Prisons
 Public schools
 Rehabilitation centers

Registered Nurse Academic Requirements

 A college preparatory diploma is recommended. Students must complete an accredited
nursing program, including any one of the following:

• Associate Degree in Nursing (A.D.N.), Associate of Applied Science (A.A.S.), or Associate

of Science in Nursing (A.S.N.). Offered primarily by community colleges these are two-year
programs.

• Bachelor of Science in Nursing (B.S.N.). Offered by colleges and universities, this is

usually a four-year program.

• Master of Science in Nursing (M.S.N.) or Master’s in Nursing (M.N.). Offered by colleges

and universities, a masters generally requires one or two years of additional training after
obtaining a B.S.N.

• Doctor of Nursing (D.N.Sc., D.N.S., D.S.N.), Doctor of Nursing Practice (D.N.P. or

Dr.N.P.) or Doctorate of Philosophy (Ph.D.). Offered by universities, a doctorate requires
numerous years of additional education and research experience.

PROFESSIONAL ADVANCEMENT

• In the course of a nurse’s career, there are times that favour professional advancement and
moments that call for maintaining the status quo.

• There are many prudent ways to approach taking ones nursing career to that next level
when and if the time is right.

It’s Personal

While it's true that moving from one type of nursing to another is a professional advancement,
such a move is also deeply personal. Whether going back to school or pursuing certification in a
specialty, the professional is also personal in nature.

Looking at nursing career advancement through a holistic lens, we can see that a major career
decision can have far-reaching ramifications. The pursuit of an advanced nursing degree will
impact family, social life, parenting and marriage, leisure and other aspects of one’s lifestyle.
Similarly, a promotion to director, manager or nurse executive equally puts pressure on the nurse
in the form of harder work and longer hours, stress and increased responsibility.

When making career advancement decisions, one must globally assess the potential impact of
certain decisions; including how one’s work style and lifestyle may need to change in response
to a new phase of one’s career.

It’s Professional
On the professional side, advancing one’s nursing career can be a positive and empowering
choice.

A promotion into management carries certain ramifications, including increased self-esteem, a

sense of accomplishment and the accumulation of skills and knowledge.

Similarly, the achievement of an advanced degree may lead to a broader range of experience, as
well as increased autonomy of practice in certain settings.

Certifications are another strategy for increasing one’s marketability and attractiveness in the job
marketplace.

Career advancement can also be achieved without returning to school or seeking certification.
On-the-job training can lead to new possibilities; for example, becoming a super-user of a new
electronic medical record can potentially lead to opportunities in the IT department. Nurses with
facility for computers and new technologies can often be tapped for special projects, research or
initiatives.

It’s a Choice

There are times during a career when assertively seeking professional advancement makes sense.
A motivated nurse with the desire to move up the ladder or achieve recognition can use their
desire as a powerful springboard.

On the other hand, there are moments when professional advancement is furthest from our
minds. When a new baby is born, professional growth may take a back seat to the joy and stress
of parenthood. If a nurse is caring for a disabled spouse or aging parent, work may be something
that simply gets done in order to put food on the table.

We must all recognise the various phases of our nursing careers and make choices about
professional advancement that make sense for ourselves, our families and our chosen way of
living.

ROLE OF NURSING EDUCATION

• Nursing education is the professional education for the preparation of nurses to enable
them to render professional nursing care to people of all ages, in all phases of health and
illness, in a variety of settings.

• Nursing Education helps in developing well qualified, competent nurses to meet the needs
of people in the society.

• Implementation of advanced scientific knowledge and professional skills in meeting the

needs of people by adopting nursing process and its steps.
• Nursing education impart scientific and up to date knowledge in the area of medical, social,
behavioral and biological sciences.

• Nursing education helps the nurses to inculcate the appropriate nursing skills and the right
attitude to the students. Theoretical and practical knowledge is essential for rendering
intelligent and efficient nursing care.

• Nursing education prepare nurses as a good leader to provide qualitative care.

• Nursing education helps to implement health care programmes and health care services in
community.

• Nursing education helps to improve the professional development of each nurse and their
profession.

• Nursing education helps the nurse to develop as a person of self awareness, self direction,
and self motivation through curricular and extra-curricular activities.

• Nursing education prepare nurses in participating scientific nursing research investigations,

its results will be added up to the body of nursing knowledge.

• Nursing education inculcate democratic values, eg. Respect to individuality, equality,

toleration, cooperative living, faith in change.

• Nursing education enable the nurses to co-operate with team members who re engaged in
health and welfare work.

• Nursing education enable the nurse to understand the functioning of body and mind in
health and disease.

• Nursing education prepare the individual to earn his/her livelihood and make
himself/herself self-sufficient and efficient economically and socially.

SCOPE OF NURSING EDUCATION

• Increase in health consciousness in India, the quality of health services has also improved.
So, skilled and specialized nurses can get excellent employment opportunities in government
or private hospitals.

• Nurses can also get employment in clinics, nursing homes, orphanages, old age

• Nurses can get specialized duties like taking care of patients in pediatric, orthopedics,
psychiatry, obstetric and other sections.

• Nursing education provides the scope in teaching, supervising and higher level of
administration.
 • Nursing education has great scope for male nurses. They are valuable in activities of
professional organizations where travel is necessary.

• Nursing has great scope in abroad. They can find jobs in specialized field like surgical,
medical, ICU, CCU and Emergency Room (ER)

• Nurses get high pay packet in abroad

. • Nurses get many opportunities for studying and settling there in abroad

CONCLUSION

It is concluded that every individual who went to be a nurse must have some special education
and nurses can have variety of career opportunities and have wide scope in nursing.

There are no rules about moving our nursing careers forward. A nurse will generally know in
their heart or gut when the time for forward momentum arrives. There’s an itch, a yearning, a
desire for more than simply cannot be denied. It’s a calling, and we respond when we’re ready.

Nursing career advancement is personal, professional and highly impactful. Career advancement
is different for each nurse because every nurse’s journey is highly personal and idiosyncratic.

Tune into the career, desires and motivations, and then act accordingly. Since there are indeed no
rules, nurses can simply make the choice that works best for them in the interest of creating the
career he/she desires and deserves.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. A Text book of Advanced Nursing Practice EMMESS Publications Shebeer P.Basheer

and S.Yaseen Khan Page No. 37 to 42
2. B. K. Navdeep, Rawat H.C. Textbook of Advanced Nursing Practice. First edition.
Haryana. Jaypee. 2015
3. BT Basavanthappa. Nursing Administration. New Delhi. Jaypee Brothers.2002.

Internet

https://www.slideshare.net/

www.PubMed.gov/

https://www.ausmed.com/cpd/articles/nursing-career-advancement
 ASSAM DOWNTOWN UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF NURSING
CLASS PRESENTATION

ON

EDUCATIONAL PREPARATION, CAREER OPPORTUNITIES,

PROFESSIONAL ADVANCEMENT AND ROLE AND SCOPE OF
NURSING EDUCATION.

SUBJECT – ADVANCED NURSING PRACTICE

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

MS. NIRMALI GOGOI AMANDA KHARSAMAI

PROFESSOR 1ST YR. M.Sc. NURSING

FACULTY OF NURSING ROLL NO- 02

ASSAM DOWNTOWN UIVERSITY ASSAM DOWNTOWN UNIVERSITY

SUBMITTED ON:
 CONTENT

1. EDUCATIONAL PREPARATION
 Introduction
 Meaning
 Growth Of Health Industry
 Criteria For Selection Nursing

2. CAREER OPPOUTUNITIES

3. PROFESSIONAL ADVANCEMENT
 It’ Personal
 It’s Professional
 It’s A Choice

4. ROLE OF NURSING EDUCATION

5. SCOPE OF NURSING EDUCATION

6. CONCLUSION

7. BIBLIOGRAPHY