CLAUSES OF REASON (Εκφράζουν AITIA )

Εισάγονται με

I can’t visit you today because I am

because
sick.
as followed by verb I can’t visit you today as I am sick.

because of followed by noun

I can’t visit you because of my
today sickness.
1. John is afraid of water……………………………….. he doesn’t know how to
swim.
2. I couldn’t find the way out …………………………… I had lost the map.
3. He died …………………………….. his heart condition.
4. They were late for the movie ………………………………….the bus strike.
5. You are a good friend …………………………….you are there for me when I
need you.

CLAUSES OF RESULT (Εκφράζουν ΑΠΟΤΕΛΕΣΜΑ)

so
as a result followed by I am sick so I can’t visit you today.
verb I am sick. As a result I can’t visit you
today.

1. John doesn’t know how to swim ……………………………………. he is afraid

of water.
2. I had lost the map and …………………………………….. I couldn’t find the
way out.
3. He had a heart condition ………………………………….. he died.
4. There had been a bus strike. …………………………………… they were late
for the movie.
5. You are there for me when I need you ……………………….. you are a good
friend.

CLAUSES OF CONCESSION (Εκφράζουν ΕΝΑΝΤΙΩΣΗ)

Εκφράζουν αντίθεση και εισάγονται με τα παρακάτω

Although

Although she went for work. However

she had a
cold, In spite of/Despite
He was However, he ran the race
injured.
In spite In spite of the bad weather,
of/despite we went out.
Despite the bad weather, we
went out.
  Although/ = παρόλο που, μολονότι
1. Ακολουθείται από ΥΠΟΚΕΙΜΕΝΟ και ΡΗΜΑ.
2.Δεν μπορεί να σταθεί μόνο του στην πρόταση. Είναι εξαρτημένο από
τους υπόλοιπους όρους της πρότασης.
3.Μετά από αυτόν τον συνδέσμο ΔΕΝ ακολουθεί κόμμα

 However= αλλά/ ωστόσο

1.Το “However “ ΔΕΝ ενώνει προτάσεις. Δηλώνει και πάλι αντίθεση, αλλά οι δύο
αντιτιθέμενες ιδέες βρίσκονται σε διαφορετικές προτάσεις.

2.Τοποθετείται συνήθως στην αρχή της δεύτερης πρότασης

3.Τις περισσότερες φορές ακολουθεί κόμμα (,).

4.Μπορεί να «σταθεί» μόνο του στην αρχή μια πρότασης- είναι

αυτόνομο/ανεξάρτητο από τους υπόλοιπους όρους της πρότασης.

The weather was rainy. However, we went out for a walk!

 Ιn spite of /despite = όμως, αλλά

1. Ακολουθoύνται από γερούνδιο

In spite of working hard, he didn’t get a promotion.
Despite working hard, he didn’t get a promotion.
2. Ακολουθούνται από ουσιαστικό
Ιn spite of his hard work ,he didn’t get the promotion.
Despite his hard work he didn't get the promotion.

HOWEVER, ALTHOUGH, IN SPITE OF, DESPITE

1. __________________ I speak English well, my first language is actually

German
2. __________________the restaurant has a good reputation, the food was
terrible.
3. I didn’t tell Mary anything about the accident. _________ , she looked very
anxious.
4. _________ my brother is seven years old, he doesn’t want to go to school.
5. I don’t know how to play the chess. _________ I really want to learn it.
6. _______________ of the bad weather, we went out for a walk.
7. _________ we don’t have any money, we went shopping.
8. ____________ the heavy traffic, I reached the airport on time.
9. I hadn’t studied a lot. ………………….. , I‘ve managed to pass the exams.
10. ……………………. of working hard, I can’t afford an expensive car.