INVERSE 6ICOnO WELBIC FUNC11O NS

RANGE
FUNCTIONS DoMALN (PRINCIPAL VALUE BRANCH|
Sin' T-1, 1)
Co7 C-1, 1 o, TT
ll
COsec*'
i
R- (-1,1)
Sec1 "T/h-fof
W
R-(-1, 1)
[o,TT-{T/h
u
tantan' H
R
Cot
Y o R
(0,T)
Sin )= sinx -

v e
Cos"(-*) TT -(ostl
cosee(-n) = - cosec'n i e
tan(-) -tan'»
l
cot (-x) 7 -cot'

(3) Sin'H
B e
u
+
cos T/ (8in 80 ysin' 3 sin 0

o
-

tan' (otx
+
T/2
Y
Cos 30= cos 0 3 cos
Cosec*+ sec :
TT/2 3tan ton 3 (0 tan0
1-3 tan 0
2 tanosin*1 20 6) sin 2 0 2 sin 0. cos 0
1 + 02

2 tan ' 0 Cos-11-02 1- COs 0 2 sin0/2

1t2
1+ cos 0 2 cos 0/L
2 tan 0 tan
1-9
ton tan' y tan1 t
1
CosA: 2 cos A - 1 1-2 sinA 1tonA
1+ tanA
(9 sin A: sin
A/a Cos A/2
 Sin /%): cosec (11) 2 sin':sim'(211-
COS (/ se 2 cos' tos"(2»-1)
3 sin' : Sin' (3-s)
ta'(1/ Cot »<0
-TtCot'n HO 3 tos': Cos' ( 3
Sin'
sin y sin'(1-2td1- 1-*)
CosH

l
y(os:" (*y NT-, J1-y)
Substi tutions invenie trigonometrie i l
W
in
unctiomA
uncti
Simplet uom
om
to make

Y o
e
Xpressi on ubstituti om

e v
i
H

l
cos
a Sin 0 oT H: a
atH42

B e
u
H sec 0 q
6r H 4

o
cosec
NatH Or N H

Y
H Cos oY a cos O
ttI-,t 1- 1+H
1- cos 20
a-

N1t 1-H - , 1 4
1tH 1- Cos

at a-H+H -
a-Hat
 MATRICE S
a
ith rowo TO OS

Am m

li l
-mn JMxR
1th column Column
1Jmxn
Oquoliy Matrites: Too matrices u W
o equal i ae
-They 0u o or d»
Sam
Their CoTrespomdinq eltments Y
a e equal
kA k[aij), v egual,

il e
[klain)Jmn
mXn
-A ) A
A A [a Bethen A AT=laji) nx
(AyAou
Jmxn , or

kA) YkA
(i)A+e)': A'+e
) (A B) B'A'
CondiHon oMyltiplieation Matrires
No. o columna in A No. o in
ws 8
Atn multiplicahen, whad is the orden o new
matrix
* Amn
Amn x

AA isa
(BJpxq[AB)mxqordn
Symme tric :A. matrix
nu matnx

A is a ske- symmum
matrixil A':-A4
v e y Mati can be Onttn as sum o symmetne and
vey
a
skeo-yTmmetric matrix. by A: (A+A') + (A-A')
Symme tric s kr smmtn
Anvese
Seaa Max AB In BA
A X
A (adj (a)|
3lememavy Opeatena (1) Ri R k Ci j
(i)Ri kAi CikCi
ii) RiRitkR ( i i tkklj
DETERMINANTS5 i ll
) Detrminant Orden 1
Ca
u W Q11
A |0 o
De tominant o Orden
Y
2
Oz-a1 -a1,02
Deteminant e 0rden 3 IAl e 1
v
il e 3 a 32 33
iL Qi3

On e R1
expandimgBalong
o u
A AY(ai3 then
k.A kJA)
8ig Noteten
OT

Tick () Tick 2 (+)

Area oA oth Yentres

Cond item three poinms

are collinam i s
 Shaight lne
ith pojnds
s H1 1
H 2
dngulan Matx Al : 0 Non Singula» Nartrix [Al Z0

Co-artor dqua matiyAij (-1)jim

Adaolnt Squone Mati Tranipose oth (o-ctor
matrix o the elements
il l
oa squaat matm:)

(adi. A). A uW
Ampor tent fomulo
)A. (adi A): Al
o
n.
(i)Ar (adi)A
A
e Y
v
il e
(is) adj. (AB) 6d.B)(adi.A)
(iv) ad.A) =Al-

B e
()adi. (adj.A) JAl. A
o u
(i)ladj.(adi A)1 IA1h-1)
v(ad. A' Y ) adA)
wr.) kAl kA or any Scalo k.

CoNTINUITY DiFFERENTIABJLI1y
() is continuos ak
i a,
gim
h0
4la-h) ="lim
h0 flath) fa)
6 ) t g) is Conhnuoy at u=a ittgiven that
o).g ( ) is continuou ect H 6) gr)an a

tuoo unchens, and

i s continoos at a
i ao)zo | Continuus at : Q
Difaentabikity Let ) is e al unttion and
is ara numbe
44 lim
) Af la+h)-46) im
ha0
ath)-a
i.e.
h-0 lath)-{0)
b
exids then it
i called mght hand derivative (AH.D.)
li l
at :a dentedl by R.(a)
) A4 lim
ho a-b)-46 ie., dim a-h)-16) exi'ss them it is
-h)-4
called let hend derivati
ho

u W
-b
(LH.D) at a denoted by L.e)

R. V6) L4'o) Y
o
The unchion 6) is said to be diforentiable at : a i

ve
ie ntin uow
Thr commo valu is
b a) donoted
Euey duftntiable untltion
e
is co but evoy continuou

B
unc tion is not dittenehta ble.

o
)sin H)1-H u
Y
H
1-H

t") 1t2

HN-1 ceue"6)
Logaithmi Denemiati'on. )
() b)
a in 2.

l g (log y): lg (u" log u) (iv) log (a6) log t log b - a

log+ lag(log x) ) leg (/b) log a log b = -

leg + log (log) ) leg.(ab) b log = a

Second Orden Derivativ
A fe) thend4 }')
and
f)i's ditfeentiable , then it 's again dipenenhistod
h or d ") which is called tefond
OT de dewvai

li l
oname trie functiensA *:4t) gt)heu t it
independent vaiable and H, y au dependo nt Viables then
/dt
u W
o
d/dt
Y
16) Rolle's orenthe

(Mean Valu Theorm ) : e -2a)

) - 0

v
ilOFe
b a

e
APPLTCATION DERIVAT IVE S

()Intreaain
O Intreasing
u B
Decreasing unetion at ,
o
0

Ci)A Hun Y
(1) un
A is said to be
in(recasing i )20 tor each
is said to be
in (ab
dereas ingf)0 Jor each in (a,b)
(ii) i conatant on (a,b) it'o) o or egch x e (o.b)
to
Tangent a Cure
)Squation tangent ad point ( ) 1s
)
Angle intense cti on Too (uhueu tan 0 m-m2
1tm ML
)&quahon o Norma at
pojnt (,,) i
( M
 raphical epentation ohmairg
Decreasing funthona

x x

Anereaing hunehion li lStrmc ty htrasirg tuncom

u W
Y o
X

v e
il e y/

e
ximation BAy A
De CresirR tumhen Stric tly Deereaing Funthier

Appro
o u dH

vauable Y
hich nprsent the smal change
The thevalue
ewor în
or eror in the
ie.,
dapen denk
A is called the absolute emr in a.
*A is called the «latiw error oth peet to
Axloo is called he petetageeemr In
6Maxirme Minima
6) A unrtiom 6) is Called maximum at xa when f6)
ts
gratest
gatest among qll the naluy which 4) can tuke for
each valu on close to a.

a-h)<4a)> 4lath)
 is
A tunttion 6) is called minimum at aa uhen f)
Smallest ameng all thaf ualus hich ) can take for each
Val o close do a

fla-h) f6)< f (a+h)

londriens ter inding Maxima & minima
1) Ne ces say Condition *
) o o )i's notatdioant-
li l
- Table - a,
( icient (ondiHen for marimum Valw, at a,

W
sheuld be e
dou
tor minimum value,
at

or then MaximaeY Mmima

* sho uld a ,
be
t
(8 Conditien for
v
Nor

d
il e the
Fivst DorivahwB e(for tind points ot local
Test maxima
poinds
u
() find theoCtieal poird o6) say n=a
OT a c al minima

Y
) 44 >o, sign a change from
positi to
getiw, then **a 's a

qnd dy 2 0 point lati or local maxima

d H2q
i i sig d/a, thnge rm
negativ to pos|4u, then n=a s
and point e reat oT local minima
 INTEGRATION dr

0 Antegration by ubstitution+
() To evaluade the integral (axt5) d
Put a t b t , so that ad dt i.e., d : "/a dt

lax tbda S+4).at Ft), ohee f() dt P(e)-F(aw+5)

li l
a

6 4d log
4) tc
u W
o
+C

Y
nt1)

e
d)ome important substitut'ens
unetiom
e v Subs4itu-hien
Na-
l i
lat
-a2
B e
u
H=a sec

Y o H
aan
a Sin OT
0T a cot 0
a cos 0
Ha Sec o1 a cosec &
[Link]
att a-
N'b- 0T6-a)(b-* acos 0+b sin 9

a t 7 at
 Integration e dome dperial 3ntegrals
()for dq+ b t
d
Jon4bt qnddJatbx te d

Put t
2a t, de: dt, acp.
tk*.
l
QH+b tt chanqu tot+k2,
(b) for
puta)da
+*-kor 4
(pAq)d, i l
W
,

gtbr +e J(pxtq)t
u
Put p+q A bet c) d
Compa the
d(qt b» t<) +B
too
Y o
4 A, A(axt e tc)
sides find the
hus, pHtq valu e AB.
aq+btt
A li e v
q+b +e
br +B

B e a+b* d
(atb+c) d
Similaly
o u
atb tc d
aa+ bte)
- ax4bxtt)
A

Y »tq) ax+ Nq*+bx+c JNan*tbt C

Same a do
d + B

bx te d
() for d
tk)Nantbrt put -"/4
d
N ) ( - ) ) E - - du, N--)(n-p) d
Put = acos' 0 +B sin* 0
(e) fr dH d d
a+bces a+bsinx abos H+c sinH
APPl sin :(1 tan "/a) cos
(-4tan
") then put tan: t
1+ tan */2)
F o r P cos + sin n
a be os n t b sin H
Put p cos + q sin *: A (a+b tosu tb sin)+RB ifeuntial o
(atbeosH + b sin *)+
Antearam by pasds Juv de =u.v dx-J|dd
GPautia Tntegrathiem
form Tatiemal

li l
funection foTm the pasutiafractien
(-a)C) b A

W
H- -b
(H-a A
o u
Y
(-a)?
p+q+r
e
A
-0) (-b) (*-¢)
v
-a -b

e
-C

-a)(-b)
l i -a) -a) H-b
A

H-a)(+b+B t) e
ac ou fusthen
+B+C
coheu H** butt Cqn net

DiniteY
be torised

ntegral 6)dn- [F(M)D° F(6) -f (a) =

wheu-) d F)
Gnenenal Prepeties Deinit 4nteqrals
Pop. T a f) dx Jo dt
Prop.
Pro p. TI J 69 dx
46od +S 46) d wheu ae e cb
Prop. Sa 0 de Ja t (atb-) d
An paticudas 6)d a-)dx
9
Pro p. V 4 )d : 2 4 6) d» + 4 (2a)dr
 Hrop. .af6) d 2 o 46) dt, i f) i
:
en
fun tiem
4 ) dy 0 i {6) is odd func hiom

ProP
op 6 ) de , t)dxi. lza-) )
VT

J 4) dx 0, 4laa-*) -} M)
Jo

rop. VI S ty d 0
imit a dum
il l
W
Sa 4e) de:lim bl f0)+4la+h)+ fia +(h-)h}),
..+

u
h0

o
h
where a ^0

Y
0 an
Leibnitz's Rule
)
v e
Juto ) 44 Hvoiv(w)-
() Antegrqtien by Pascs li e
d Jul)
4{ut)u
Jf) g(*)J d»B=4) e g)dae- {t).Sa[+)d»}d
*

Hee oe

o u
can chooslst
funchen atording
Y Trigonometrie fun.
to its
n ILATE, ohe positionn
I Inuwue
A: Algebraie fun Leg anithmie fun
L

E Exponential un. T:Tmgenometric un

Antegrel the
ype eCb) + f')]dx
Standand formulat:-
1
) J d *n+1 + m-1) i) dx log,Iel +c
:

a dx iv) Se" d e t
) sin de: Cos +c cos d* Sin+
 * +C
vii)Sec in)cosec'u dx : -cot
dx tan x t
t C
X)Sec tan a d sec t ) cosec u (ot d Trdec
Ki)Jtan dhe loglserlte -leglosaC =

cot x dx = loq Isin l +e eiri) SsecH d- log lser+tanwlt

xiv) cosec x d» -
log losec - cot al +
legtan++e
c*leg|tan+
- d
li l Sin'* + or Cos' +C

)
u
d d tan'* tc 0T -rot +cW
o
1

H 1
eY
= d sec + 0r CosecH+C

e v
Hi4
i
ta")+
leg el +,
B
- q2 a

o u la +
))a Y SiN")+e (i) d logeta+e
H*-a2

) - du:a-+ sin)+c
ervi) o d 4a a* log/+4+
Sei) -a d - a aleg +-a 4
prvi) da + Kxix)atb)'da
4aaxtb+C,n1 nt1
 Use
Ose THaonometrie Tdentities in Jnteqrahen
s i n A to sin (A+B) + sin A-B)
Cos A sin B: sin (At B) sln (A-13
CosA Cos B cos (At8) + (os (A-B)
sin A sin 8 (os (A-B)- cos (A+ B)
i) sin *1 os 2
2
(ti) Sin3H 3 sin
l
sin

l
Cos : 3tos + Cos 3
v) Sin 3A 3 sin A. cos A i
W
tanA
u
Ces A = tos It tonA
A-
sin^A 2cos A-
o
sinA
1 1- 2
n L
onlyYA, then
Note A4 1 tan A

e
in
plate of 2A theu is

v
chanqes A to
A/2
A/

il e(n+1)
13) Some pontanf
Results+
e
) 14 2+3t-
(i) 1+ 2^+3 + B n(n 1) (an-1)
o u
Y . . t n nn:12
G
(ii) 1 ++4
(iv) a-+ (a+ d) +(a+2d) t. -+[a + (n-1)d]:
(2a + (n-1)d
(a+aT +aT + +aTht= a(r"-1)
T-1
vi) sum on tems o GP. is.
n fa(Th-1) T
-1

a1-Ti T1
1-

here Q irst tem k T commem Tacho

 Applicatiom ntgrals
OThe axa A o the rgien bounded by the cuh yf)
-axis and the lines H aH: b is gien by Ja y d
A=
The akca A o the gien boUndad bythe cwue
*:gly)» y
Qaxis and the
linuy: a, y:b is
Aody
gioen by A=Ja dy
A the ( e unde
considnchen liu belouo *-Qris then fM)K
ll
,

i
om 0 to *:b, then Area 46)
dx|

W
4) ket seme portien othe a boue cmue is nraxís Seme porhen

u
s below
raxis. then
Avea (A) A+ Az

o
Area between A
Y
too Cwue

v e
il e du
Area aiom PA0CP+ Ata d egion &DRB
Sa 49- g)d + Je gb)-4)

B e
u
* g)

Y o M N

DI FFERENT1AL Ea UAT1ONS
Orde =
Highet OTde deivaix
appeaung in equ"
Degru Highst orde derivatiw uhen diheuntial
eq+n
(oiciends a t maoa frt om
Tadicals functiomt
Checking Homoger Diferential&quahemu
A ditenentnal equaten
qis sad to be hemogenoul,
9)
it tg) *gly) a hemogenoul
ie it may br wtten as
tunchiens e s4ne degr,
d *{(Y/) 4G4) ply) =
. -
9()F(9)
 *To theck that gluen oliffeq ho is
hemogenoy or not,we

Oyte
di equ a F ) or d F(y)
and
plae by A, y by Ay te gt the f F(AF[M).
Hee,
teue, i pocoen of A is zeno, then
dferntial eqh is hom0
enous othehwise net.
(4Soltuhion o bmogenouu
dtnential equh
li l
To $ol
homo qenous dif. cqu the or m
te
put F()-(1)
W
3V
d

Vaable o
u V+ dv

Iq(1) to edure
Then,
ina e Y it into
Sepaablerm

v
Solue
and in it the
put eult o

e
i d solution, RT
homoge now ioliH
Noe A the

e l equ it the form in

B
a F(,), whene F() is
hemogenous
u
the make
um etien dag zeno
o
toe
subsHu-tien **vy *
proteed fwdhes ind we
to

Linean Y
genenal 8olutiom,
Ditenential aquation
Gneneta er m o lineas
ohe, P dit. equ is
+Py
auu fan" el -1)
Or
Censtans.
dy
oher ' a' au unctien o
Then, Sol" r
tenstants.
Constond.
[Link])
given by the is
equ"
equ
YxI.f.JCax11)datC wheu, 1.F. Intgrating factor AI. F. eax =
Also, solo &q.(i) is
gioen by the eq
eq
X
F:J(a' x1.F.)dy +6,ohee JI.F. ed
 Ve(TORALGE6RA
Sum oVectors
() Sum oertors b
A AE, b BC
hem AB +BC AC
This is knoton A

l
a
tmianqle lao

l
fux the oer tor adoditten)
addithien)
i
: -

CA
AB +B
W
ohen
-CÁ
sides
teminal pojntatriangle
toinci des.
taken
o u
ABC a teken in orden i.e,
initaR
i.t, in1tiak
Y
Then k
AB +B +CA

e
(i) Panalle lograo law 0

v
OA t OB 0C oettor additien B 1 3

)Multili eahien o vectorlie

e
A

by Scala
Scalas het
B
vec tor Abe a et gien a be the
scaln, then poduct o
-eu
(i) whun A is end
@nd da
te,
o
then äaa d-da
(i) ohen
Y
ae
is, then the same oinoion
Also Aal Jalläl a opposide
Aa
dire
direetion ,
in
ciom
Compon enf o Vector
0 , OR-y OS= 2
00:
Hi, R , 0s-zk
i tHj t

P 7)
171)
Vecdo Joining uoo Points +
By trirg la OP OP tPtB y
P: Pa OP OP

IPMP (-,+(: +(az.)*

Section formula
) mb tna T:mb- na
m

R divid Po
intovmaly) R divida Pa extona lly)
PogecHon vertor qleng a dirted ine
*Proqectien of a e b a.b
ll
A

i
b uhit ve to r A

W
Dot Product oY Scalan Poduct

o u
Lwhee 0 is the
arole
Y
a, b -|@||5 e ab,
b between
(0<0 <TT) a b

v
when 0= 0, then
Aluo, a.
a -1al|Gl=a,q.=q
=

then a. l i e
e
) when b a.b) cos=
B
0

o u
Y lG1B) sin 0n. ohesu
Vector Produet oT ro Pooduet 4
axb angle b/o 6is the
b a
Unt vector 1peþendiculoas to both O T
vetor a b Sueh that a. b
forrm
ght hande d orthogon al sutem,
)A 0 0, then axb 0, xo
andixî ix xk 0
(")A 0 "hthen dxb alEl*
fx xk - , x i
Al:o, x : -k x1:-i. txk-4
 Di tien Cosne
i) cos ma co , n (os

() A+ mtn 1 but t 2 ' 71

a )

P
) op:'ty?t22, ( + mT)"+m»)
m , Cos Y= :m
Y
1 rla a,i4
(os
0 ta, k)

li l
Propetiet Nector Addin
0) + b b +a ((ommutetiue)
W
atou exist uector -
) ( +6)+ = +(6+c) (Associatiue)
Adcditw Anueue q
Y
Vectov there

e
Such th t a+ (
-ä) = a- a = 0 then -a 1S Called the

v
additiw Invele

l i
(12) Propetie af Scalan Poduet
e
[Link]) e
1 cos 0 a. b (ii) . b b.a (Commudative)
) Ax i acala, B (xä). x(a. b) : a.(E)
1 Poperiea o
u +hen 5:

Y Vecto Pro duet

(i) A a 0 or b o then a xb 0
A lB, then x b =0
ax-b xa Not C@mmutecie
i)A a b
eprumd adjacenf sidesa llm then ac |axbI
(iv) A4 a e*vernt adja ent sids
mangle, then asea a xG
)Distributie popeuly, x
(6+0) : axb+ x
(a)Afx be srala, then, K(@x
E) -(ox a)xB x(«B)
b b i t ba tb k then, x ba a as
b b b3
 3D GEoMETRY
Din tien Cosine
() A= ceS
X,
aine
m: (6s B and n: Cos
(i)+mtn 1
"cos a(os B + (o r 1
+

DirttHion Ratios a ine il l

)A , b, and
W
k Conwtant) ou
dirthen Tatios
C a
ea hna, than.

ak, mbk,,nck eY
a
b C

v
atb+c l ie Na4b4c2
,m b

B e
(1n) Dirertien ratios o in PO
a+4
P( 1 1)u and
a
pauing through the points
o
Y (esinu HH1
and dire chem
z
2z )
au
-H1 7a 2221 u

HH1
P 2-2
PQ POl
8traight ine
)Equation a inn through a
ghuen point and paallel
toahen vector
: +b
= 2- Caesian
Vetor foTm
-H1 1 2-21
m
 (quation Line Paning through T0o Given Points
T +A (5-a) - 4-11 221

Vector oTm) H-H Z-21

Cctesian dorm)
Ci) Angle bettoe en TuooLine
angle b/o the linu T ,+b and T=q is
t ub1
0 b ba

li l
cos o he re i s the arte
qte

161161 angle b/o the linu

Angle blw
W
the linu H-H

u
1 b C1

o
C b

Y
cOs a4a +b, ba tc, C2

the line withe dint

Na +b +0, .Na+b_+¢
mgl e b
e v
i
hen
l1,m,nX Xa,maD
l
coi n s
is
s
e
Cos 0
[dtm,m +ha
(iv) CondiHon oPepen
u B dieulaity
o
An etor
foTm, b. b 0
dn
or
Y 1 tmim,
CMtesiqn or ia,Q tb4b, +
m,

tninL 6
(Ca =0

(v)Condihem that Too nex ae

paallel
An ettor or
An (outesian
orm, 1- b1-1or r m 1 -1
b2 C2 m
hi) 8hortt Distance b/w two Lines
Vec tor oTm , if the line aa u T: d+A67 T=+ab
then shor test di'stance d (b x bs). (a, -a,)
b x ba
Canteaian oTm, 4f the line 0u H-H1 1z-21 and
Y- 22 ,then shortest distance
C

H-H1 Z-2
d b C1
b2

Note Th
is
CondHem for
(b x).(a-.)=
too
i ll
given line to be intnse ct,

Panalle LinesáfuW
o
i) Dislae bl
toplanan, Let oline
Two two linu k Az

T a + ub then distance b/o Y ||

t h e n they a
the be T:

e
04 tb

v
two kinu is
bx(0-a
Not: 14 too linu au
li e
e
parall, thon they both hauw 8ame
propotiom
vin) Distae blo TooBPaintsN(-)*
al direr tien
atios.

u
viv) Mid Pointoo Line HH
+(yey+t121)
Y a +
it22
Note: APis a
pojnd Ps the image the pojnt with
7pect to the line, then mid-peint of P P sáths the equ line

PLANE
t) Equatiem o Plane in Norma orm
Vector foTm T. d u n i t veetor noTmal to plon

(d distance of plan rom

(otesjan orm + myt n2 p , m k n a dinchem tosines
uit to plan
aa clistence o plans rm
the ongin
 k 2X z:0, x 0, y 0,vwpeCt
Bquafion of plant Ky, yz
au

Pauin
Equation o
ua tion o Plan Popthdicular
to hiveVertor

Throug
ector
aPoint Giuen
Point A oith pos
ihon

form *het a plane poles throuh

a

ertor equathem
Nector
and a and ptu ben ditulas to the etor n, then
7
Plane is(7-a).n=0 T.i:d ohey d . OT

Note &quarien plane

l l
pexpendicelan

i
Noteqatien passing thvough the orn
to gluen wtor T.h0
is

=0u
W
Cadesiqnn form quatien plane pauing through pointlMg*)

planYo
where 9,b kc
MH) t 6(y-y1) tc(z-z1)
direcien raties

ii)Bquatio Plane Pauing throughe Non Coirnaan

o normal to tha

5,d vpositio
Thru Points

il e
Vecor thr
o Af a, glen polnds
au vectors

e
then,equation s(7-a).(-ä)x(E-a))- 0
(aslesian mAf B
ohee, posih is
en the vector plan

u
peint any en thi

o 1t,21),(.y,z)* ([Link]) Thr

asu

Y
nen- (ollinaan poin ts, the equafien plane s
H-H 2-21
H-H points ae tollina
Za-21 0 1 2
-H -2 22

(v) Bquatiom Plare 'n Antntept form

a,b and c
Ou
H-intehept,y-in tenept and 2-intencept es pec tiuely , thon
t t : 1.
() Equhion Plane pauirg through line o inteser
tion o
tuoo Gien Planu.
Vec tor dorm AP equ o plan QL 7.+ d 7. n : d2

then n+an): ditAd

her, A i conutant & alead e d from aiun rondhon
 4H+ b1y+ (1z d
(a Hesian 4oTm qu plant au
Qnd b y+ 2 d, then

(0+by (2-d4) +A(a,»4 dsy+2-da) :

li'n
No Th inurction two plans aloays give a

Plane
)Equaien Plane Parallelto a Given +

Vector frm. The vec tor ¬qu of a plan Panallel

li l
to the isT.n:d2 wheu d is conutant
given plane d
de domind by gien tondihen,
CayHes ian Jorm. The (antes ian equ

u W oa plane panallel to tke

o
gruh plan qntbytcz +d1 0 is a + by+ cz +da 0, whuu
is constandt
Y
detomined by
a

e
gieh condien he

v
vii) Condition for (oplanaity Too Lins

il e 0
Vee tor form. Tioo linsT a7 +Ab and a,+ub aue

e
Coplanay, it (a-a).( b xb)=

B
Cabrtesian torm, Tuwo lins
L 412-21
u
a1 C1

Y o C

b Ca

viii) Angle Betoeen Too Planes

Vector form, A1 n 0 noTmals to the piames T.n d
gnd . n d thtn angle
Note: Tuoo plany t o to each othe»it nn:0 l i * An.
(ontesian for m, Af twe
plans a atbyt(2 d * a tb2y
C2 d2then
angle cos
atb+. 4,+ b+¢|
b C
ix) Distance e a loint from a Pla ne
YecHor or mThe dstnt a point
diswhoe
J apesitien
.d
vector isarom h plans di's a. d
Cates jan form The 1 dis-la ne e o the pojnt (iy.24)from
the plant atby
plane cz =d 1's
d aH+ byt (21- d

atb+ct
x) Angle Betoeen a Line and Plane
Vector form 1 4 the equ
li l li is T:atdb and the

W
equ o plane is T d, then Ces
tes 8 .]

(ateiqn rm
o u
AL a1, b, and t au the DR's a lins and
4

e Y
by+Ca2 tod 0 ls the equ o plane then
sin
v b+2|
a, t bb, + c,(a
Natb+(,eNa,*+
Sin stn(9 -0

l i
PROBeABILITY
u B
) CondiHenaYPoobability o ewnt ovenf s
Condi tienal hoba bility*

PE/F) P(EAE)ohere P(t)#o

PP)
(i) Condihienal pobabilit o ewnt F ouen E s

P(F/E)P(EnE)oheu
P(E) PlE) # o
(i) Propeuthies ondiondi tienal Probability
(0 Pe uF) /.)} P(e/6) + P(F/G)-P((Ent)/G) ae

(b) P((E UF )/6)= P (e/la)+ P(E/G), i. & * f ae clinint euents

Sample space S
(c) P(E"/6)=: 1- P(E/«) and Cn is an
eent s S such
(a)PCs/a) P(6/6) = 1 that P(6) #o
Multiplication Theorem * P(EF) P(e). P(F/e) coheu P(E)#o
or P[EnF) = P(F). P (E/F) , whe P(F)#0

Mutiplicaion Rule or Moe than Tuoovents +

PENFA): P¬). P
EnP
Andepe hdent 8ents for any too in dependent events EF,
we hae the latiom.
0) P(EnE) P(E). PlE)=

i)P(F/E) P(F), P(E) 70 i ll

ii) P(E/F) : P(¬) PE) .

u W#o

o
Aso, their complemen t
Qindpendent ents, P(EnF}- P(Ë).P(F)
Note

9Mytual Andapen dont Threu e

A4 EF dependa nt
au
Y ewnts, thrn
P(EnE)# P(E).P(F)

indpendunt,ie
v F ee hts E, G a e sauid to

P(EnF) "P(E). P{*) l

be mutually
i
i) P(F nG) =P{F).
B e the aL atleat eni aboue

u
i) P(enG) P(E). P(t)
(o) P is not true for thru
9/utn events,

o
:
then we s eH that the
euends

Theorem Y
(i) P(EnFnG) =P[E). PlF). P{C)J mutualy Indepehdont-
Total Proba b'lity*
PA) PlE). P[A/E,) +P(E). P{A/E)+. ._+
P(En). P(A/En)
PA) EPEj)-Pla/Ej)
1
6) baye's Theortm A 1Ea.-,ky m non-empty euenk
ohich Constitute pauh tiom &mple space, S, ie

e.E.. -, En payrofse dtudoint

E OE U... O En S and PE)>0, for al1 i 1,3,..,n, Also, let
A be any eent mon-2en o probabilty, then,

PEi/A) PC).P[a/E) t 1, 3,2,- ,

PE) P(A/E)
 Meqn, Yavui'ance and Slan dand Deuation
Let X be q random vasuable taki Valu 7 , 2
ng
, oith pro babilies p Pa reipectiuely. Then
P
)Mean
ll M
Exper tation
oT
i
i ER)
x
PiPi
i

W
) Yauant e
Yx)
u
is

o
P)|pl) :1
1

OT
e Y
Ex)- [E 6)1
v
V)ieE(x- u)'
l
07

e i - u pl) OY

B
(i) SHandad Deiatien
u
o
is
V)
Y