CHAPTER I

The Introduction

Charcoal is one of the most useful substances ever known to man. Back in

times, people used dry woods or charcoals. In the Philippines, Filipinos prefer the

use of charcoal as a cooking fuel. Charcoal is cheap and much easier to build up

fire than dry woods and is widely used up to these days. Given the fact that it is

used as a cooking fuel, it does not only stop there. It is also known in purifying

substances and also gas phased forms. In the field of medicine, it is known for

treating poison and drug overdose. Its ash is known for its ability to serve as a

fertilizer for compost. It is also known for its benefits as a deodorizer, pest

control and ability to polish metallic wares. However, charcoal produces a black

powder when it is combusted; this black substance adheres to the bottom part of

pans and casseroles. Due to this fact, Filipinos takes a lot of effort and work in

removing the soot from the burnt pans or casseroles. Addressing this problem,

people back in times uses the remnants of Charcoal or its ash for soot removal

through scrubbing while people nowadays uses dishwashing liquid and a

scrubbing pad in removing the soot.

On the other hand, Gumamela or Hibiscus is used in creating an

improvised dishwashing liquid. Gumamela flower is known for its foaming ability

and is also effective in dishwashing liquid for its antibacterial properties.

1
Gumamela is beneficial in the field of science. It is used as a treatment for

various ailment and disease such as Hypertension, Diabetes and Boils. It is used

commonly as a home-made bubble solution by many people in their childhood

because it is easy to find and does not cost a single cent. Gumamela or Hibiscus

which has the scientific name of Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis, is a highly cultivated

ornament in the Philippines. It goes by the name of China rose or Shoe flower.

The shrub usually grows from one meter until four meters high. The flower’s

appearance varies from its petal’s color. Its petal colours are usually red, pink,

yellow, orange or yellow. Its petal is round in shape and usually overlapping.

Adding to its flower appearance, it has a stamen which is responsible for the

production of pollens which is long and narrow tube which wreathes the entire

style of the pistil resulting for the corolla to standout.

This study attempts to determine the effectiveness of Charcoal Ash and

Gumamela (Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis) Extract as a dishwashing scrub paste. It

specifically aimed to: (1) identify the capability of Charcoal Ash with Gumamela

(Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis) as a dishwashing scrub paste in terms of its ability as a

scrub, degreaser, polisher and its cleaning agent; (2) determine the significant

relationship between the effectiveness of Charcoal Ash with Gumamela ( Hibiscus

Rosa Sinensis) as a dishwashing scrub paste and the commercialized

dishwashing agent; and (3) evaluate the significant difference among Charcoal

Ash with Gumamela (Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis) extract in terms of concentration of

50% Charcoal Ash & 50% Gumamela Extract, 20% Charcoal Ash % 80%

2
Gumamela (Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis) Extract and 80% Charcoal Ash and 20%

Gumamela extract (Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis).

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Charcoal Ash with

Gumamela (Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis) Extract as dishwashing scrub paste.

Specifically, this study focused on the following concerns:

1. What is the capability of Charcoal Ash with Gumamela (Hibiscus Rosa

Sinensis) as a dishwashing scrub paste in terms of:

a. Scrubbing Ability

b. Degreasing ability

c. Polishing Ability

d. Cleaning Ability

2. Is there a significant difference between the effectiveness of Charcoal Ash

with Gumamela (Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis) as a dishwashing scrub paste

and the commercialized dishwashing agent?

3. Is there a significant difference among Charcoal Ash with Gumamela

(Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis) extract in terms of the following concentrations:

a. 50% Charcoal Ash and 50% Gumamela ( Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis)

Extract;

3
 b. 20% Charcoal Ash and 80% Gumamela (Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis)

Extract; and

c. 80% Charcoal Ash and 20% Gumamela (Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis)

extract?

Hypothesis

There are no significant differences among the trials in terms of quality

and effectiveness of the product.

Assumption of the Study

This study was guided by the following assumptions:

1. The Coconut Oil and Aloe Vera as a alternative shampoo are

efficient at eliminating dandruff.

2. The Coconut Oil and Aloe Vera as a alternative shampoo are

beneficial of promoting hair growth.

3. The Coconut Oil and Aloe Vera as a alternative shampoo are

effective at strengthening and repairing your hair.

Significance of the Study

4
 This study was focused on cleaning cooking wares through charcoal ashes

and Gumamela extract as a dishwashing scrub paste. The purpose of this study

is to prove the effectiveness of Charcoal ash and aqueous extract from

Gumamela as a dishwashing scrub paste. This study aims to provide solution to

the Filipino Households by means of helping them to clean their cooking wares

effectively and efficiently.

Specifically, this study will provide greater benefits on the Community

household most especially to the parents. It will let them know the easier way to

clean and scrub stains on cooking wares. Further, it will help the future

researchers to broaden the scope of their study and research on their respective

field of interest and undertake similar studies in the future. Teachers and

Professors will also benefit on this study since this can be their reference

materials in their field of teaching and specializations.

Scope and Limitation/Delimitation

The research is focused mainly on the development of organic cleaning

and scrubbing agent made out of charcoal ash with Gumamela extract and its

capability of cleaning kitchen wares. The researchers conducted this study at

Bagumbayan, Libmanan, Camarines Sur.

5
 Although the research has reached its aims, there were some unavoidable

limits. First because of the time limit, this research was conducted only on a

small size of population. Second, it would also be difficult for the researchers to

find the right equipment and materials necessary for the study.

Definition of terms

Charcoal – According to dictionary.com charcoal is a carbonaceous

material obtained by heating wood or other organic substances in the absence

of air. In this study, charcoal was used to get the ash as a detoxifying agent for

cleaning the cooking wares.

Charcoal Ash – According to homeguides.sfgate.com charcoal ash is a

residue of what’s left behind after you burn charcoal or wood. In this study, ash

was used as the degreaser and cleanser for cooking wares.

Gumamela - According to freedictionary.com, Gumamela or Hibiscus is

any of various chiefly tropical shrubs or trees of the genus Hibiscus of the mallow 

family, having large, showy, variously colored flowers with numerous stamens un

ited into a tube surrounding the style. In this study, Gumamela was used to get

the extract that can be used as the bubble solution in liquid detergent.

6
 Extract – According to freedictionary.com, extract is to to get, pull, or

draw out, usually with special effort, skill, or force. In this study, extract is the

liquid that the researchers get from squeezing the Gumamela.

Petals- According to freedictionary.com, petals are

one of the often brightly colored parts of a flower immediately surrounding the

reproductive organs. In this study, petals are the most important material for

extracting the Gumamela.

Review of Related Literature and Studies

7
 This section presents the related literature gathered from various sources

that were found to have bearing to the present study. These articles and

publications provided insights in conceptualization and interpretation of data of

the study.

ASH

Soap production Using Waste Materials of Cassava Peel and Plantain Peel

Ash as an Alternative Active Ingredient, Implications for Entrepreneurship. This

study was conducted by IOSR Journal of VLSI and Signal Processing/IOSR-JVSP

(2013) which they used waste materials like the Cassava Peel ash and Plantain

Peel ash as an alternative active ingredient. They use this material (peels) to

produce a Lye to make a soap. According to them, the usage of peels will reduce

the cost of soap making and also reduce waste materials in our environment and

these will reduce diseases caused by these wastes. The Cassava Peel and

Plantain Peel were burnt into ashes and the ashes turned into a solution. It was

also discovered that the process of combustion contributes to the quality of the

potash. Alkali content of potash obtained from ashes of plants origin were high

and good for soap production as mentioned by Onyegbado, Iyagba & Offor

(2004).

Effect of Wood Ash Waste from Black Soap-making on Heavy metals in

Leaf Amaranth, Cowpea and Maize. According to FMI (2003), Black soap-making

8
is a small-scale localized industry hardly recognized in the current desire to

understand the interrelationships between natural resources utilization for

economic development, pollution, public health and the environment being

promoted in the industrial sector. The main waste which has not been given

consideration but should be of major environmental concern is the leached ash

usually discarded on surrounding lands. Correspond to the study of Risse and

Harris (2008), Wood ash have a low amount of heavy metals but which can be

ecotoxical significance when then cause changes in the soil. Land application of

wood ash increases the pH of the organic matter-rich surface layer of the soil

which reduces the solubility of heavy metals and so can cause their accumulation

in soils. (Saarsalmi et al., 2001).

A report on soap making in Nigeria using indigenous technology and raw

materials. Soap was invented not only for personal hygiene but also for other

purposes. This report attempts to explore the technology of soap production in

Nigeria using indigenous raw materials. In addition to basic raw materials, other

substances of medicinal importance are added as ingredient to produce

medicated soaps; there are other types of soap which are soaps of metals other

than sodium and potassium called metallic insoluble soaps that are not used as

cleaning agents, but are used for other purposes. According to Warra, A. A.

(2013) ancient peoples were using a wood ashes and water to clean themselves

and to prevent them from resulting of irritation with grease or oil with their body.

9
 A Study of Distinctive Characteristics of Soaps Made of Saw Dust Ash

(Lye) With Palm and Olive Oils and Their Oil Blends in Benue State Nigeria.

According to Hume E (2006), Potassium hydroxide can be indirectly made from

saw dust ash, this form is known as caustic potash or lye. Because of this

property, saw dust ash has also traditionally been used to make saw dust-ash

soap. It also acts as a flux, reducing the melting point of the glaze and an

effective as an odor control agent, especially in composting operations.

Formulation of Eco-friendly Detergent Powder Using Paddy Husk Ash. This

study aims in making a detergent powder from Paddy Husk Ash. In combustion

process, Sodium Silicate is produced by reacting rice husk ash (RHA) with

aqueous NaOH and silica is precipitated from the sodium silicate by acidification.

Silica in amorphous form is obtained from RHA when Rice Husk is burnt in

controlled temperatures below 700 degree Celsius. RHA usually contains carbon

particles. Activated carbon embedded on silica has been prepared using the

carbon already present in RHA. This carbon shows good adsorption capacity. The

filtrate consists of sodium phosphate. (Hemalatha et. al 2018)

Comparative study of some Ashes of vegetables used in the traditional

Preparation of the Soap in Benin. In the study of Alexis et. al (2014) ashes

obtained various parts of vegetables are allowed for the traditional preparation of

the soap used for the hygiene generally and in human therapy. The ashes of

Musa paradisiaca, Vitellaria paradoxa and of Carica papaya would not thus be

10
indicated for the preparation of a better soap considering their strong alkalinity

capable of irritating the skin.

Bamboo charcoal composite abrasive material and method of fabricating

the same. Yan et. al. (2012) used bamboo charcoal in this study. The abrasive

materials are fabricated. The charcoal has vascular bundles and abrasive

particles uniformly distributed and fixed on inner surfaces of the vascular

bundles. It shows that the bamboo charcoal can be used as a cleaning agent for

kitchen utensils and also for cooking wares.

GUMAMELA (Hibiscus rosa sinensis)

Antibacterial activity of the ethanol extracts of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis

leaves and flowers against clinical isolates of bacteria. According to Uddin, B. et;

al (2010), Hibiscus rosa-sinensis have been traditionally used in folk medicine for

various purposes. The flower extracts of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis had stronger

antibacterial effects than that of leaves and raises the possibility of using the

extracts as antibacterial agents in treating pathological conditions caused by S.

aureus and S. typhimurium infection. In addition to the study of Farombi, 2003,

plants produce a diverse range of bioactive molecules, making them a rich

source of different types of medicines. There has been a revival of interest in

herbal medicines due to increased awareness of the limited ability of synthetic

pharmaceutical products to control major diseases.

11
 Effects of Processing on Proximate Composition of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis

Leaf. According to Ifeyinwa Mirabel Eze and Daniel Don Nwibo (2017), Hibiscus

rosa-sinensis is an ornamental plant widely grown throughout the tropics and

subtropics. They reported that various leaf products of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis

possess protective potentials against metabolic syndrome related disease

conditions. In this study, they investigated how the various methods (drying,

blanching and extraction) employed in processing Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis leaves

affected the phytochemical constitution vis-a-viz its nutritive and anti-nutritive

properties.

Synthesis of the State-Of-The-Art

The similarity of the study to the related literatures is the use of ash and

gumamela. Alkali content of potash obtained from ashes of plants origin were

high and good for soap production as mentioned by Onyegbado, Iyagba & Offor

(2004), the use of wood ash in traditional black in order for a better preparation

in soap-making is through obtained burning of wood to acquire wood ash or

kitchen wood ash and the process goes on until it solidifies and the brown to

black soap is allowed to cool. According to the study of FMI (2003), and Warra,

A. A (2013), the used of wood ashes and water for washing were employed by

ancient people and have relieved the resulting irritation with grease or oil.

According to Hume E (2006), Potassium Hydroxide can be indirectly made from

saw dust ash; this form is known as caustic potash or lye because of this

property, saw dust ash has also traditionally been used to make saw dust-ash

12
soap. According to Alexis et. al (2014), the used of vegetable ashes of Musa

Paradisiaca, Vitellaria Paradoxa and of Carica Papaya indicated for the

preparation of a better soap considering their strong alkaline level, According to

Yan et. Al (2012) the use of bamboo charcoal composite as an abrasive material

and a fabricating for the same due to the fact that bamboo charcoal composite

has abrasive particles that is uniformly distributed is similar to this study because

this study aims not only to cleanse the kitchen utensils but also the dishware but

also casseroles. According to the study of Uddin et al. (2010) the extracts of

Hibiscus leaves and flower contains antibacterial property of the ethanol against

clinical isolates of bacteria, According to Eze and Nwibo (2017), Hibiscus Rosa

Sinensis possess protective potentials against metabolic syndrome related

disease conditions which is needed to achieve the antibacterial in dishwashing

liquid.

The uniqueness of this product is the use of Hibiscus as a cleaning

agent combined with the charcoal. The researchers aim to create an effective

dishwashing scrub paste wherein it can also be a degreaser, a deodorizer where

it can remove unwanted odors on the dishware and will serve as a scrubbing

agent wherein it can polish the metallic wares used in the kitchen through the

help of Charcoal and its ashes.

13
Theoretical Framework

This section presents the theory that will guide the entire process of the

current study.

Theory of Washing (2009) proposed by Kathleen Swanston and R.C.

Palmer, states that detergency as opposed to dry cleaning or solvent scouring is

the process of removing oil, grease and other impurities from textile fibers by

means of aqueous solution. The commonest aqueous medium of washing is a

soap solution with or without the addition of alkali. This theory provided evidence

that we used in our daily lives. It is a useful method for cleaning with the use of

aqueous solution. It was stated in this theory that the impurities in this study

may be used to clean and good as new product. The effectiveness of this

method innovates our economy, industry and the quality of living.

Markovnikov's Law (1871) proposed by Vladimir Markovnikov, stated

that with the addition of a protic acid HX to an asymmetric alkene, the acid

hydrogen (H) gets attached to the carbon with more hydrogen substituents, and

the halide (X) group gets attached to the carbon with more alkyl substituents.

Alternatively, the rule can be stated that the hydrogen atom is added to the

carbon with the greatest number of hydrogen atoms while the X component is

added to the carbon with the least number of hydrogen atoms. This law

14
provided that charcoal have the ability to absorb a huge variety of substances

including a variety of paints, dyes and many different kinds of ions.

Germ Theory (1860) proposed by Louis Pasteur states that many

diseases are caused by the presence and actions of specific micro-organisms

within the body. The theory was developed and gained gradual acceptance in

Europe and the United States from the middle 1800s. It eventually superseded

existing miasma and contagion theories of disease and in so doing radically

changed the practice of medicine. It remains a guiding theory that underlies

contemporary biomedicine.

15
Theoretical Paradigm

16
 Markovnikov's
Law
(1871)
Vladimir
Markovnikov

The Effectiveness
of Charcoal Ash
and Gumamela
(Hibiscus Rosa
Sinensis) extract
as aDishwashing
Scrub Paste

Theory of
Washing Germ Theory
(2009) (1860) Louis
Kathleen Pasteur
Swanston and
R.C. Palmer

Figure 1.1, Theoretical Paradigm

Conceptual Framework

17
 Figure 2 shows the conceptual framework of the study using the three (3)

aspects of the system approach: Input, Process, and Output.

The input consists information about the study where it will serve as a

guideline to the researchers in conducting the data collection when producing

the Charcoal Ash with Gumamela (Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis) as a dishwashing

scrub paste. The input of this study also involves the process of making a

dishwashing scrub paste for using Charcoal Ash as the main agent, the benefits

of using Charcoal Ash with Gumamela (Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis) extract as a

dishwashing scrub paste, the properties of Hibiscus (Rosa-Sinensis) extract that

can be used as a cleaning agent, the benefits of Charcoal Ash with Gumamela

(Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis) extract as dishwashing scrub paste, and the significant

difference in the concentration.

The process of this study included the collection of Charcoal ashes and

Gumamela petals done by the researchers in order to attain the completion of

Charcoal Ash with Gumamela (Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis) extract as a dishwashing

scrub paste for cooking wares. First, the researchers gathered and bought the

materials needed in the experiment. The researchers collected the Gumamela

petals and Charcoal Ashes in Bagumbayan, Libmanan Camarines Sur. Next is the

preparation of solution by extracting the Gumamela Petals and collecting the

ashes from burned wood. After that, the researchers apply extraction process

into the dishwashing scrub paste. After creation of the product, the product will

be tested of this study; three (3) trials will be conducted.

18
 The output of this study was Charcoal Ash with Gumamela (Hibiscus

Rosa-Sinensis) as a dishwashing scrub paste for cooking wares. The product

name is "BiBact".

19
 Conceptual Paradigm

The Effectiveness of Charcoal Ash with Gumamela (Hibiscus Rosa

Sinensis) Extract as a Dishwashing Scrub Paste

 The process of  The researchers  Effectiveness of

making a gathered and Charcoal ash and
dishwashing scrub bought the Gumamela
paste using Charcoal materials needed Aqueous Extract to
ash as the main in the experiment. make a
agent.  The researchers dishwashing scrub
 Benefits of Charcoal collected the paste.
ash and Hibiscus Gumamela petals  The product name
Extract as a and Charcoal ashes was “BiBact”
Dishwashing scrub in Bagumbayan,
paste Libmanan
 Significance Camarines Sur
difference among  Preparation of
other dishwashing solution by
soap. extracting the
Gumamela Petals
and collecting the
ashes from burned
wood.
 Researchers mixed
the Charcoal Ash
into Gumamela
Extract to form a
dishwashing scrub
paste.

Feedback

Figure 1.2 Conceptual Paradigm

20
 CHAPTER II

Methodology

Research Methodology

This chapter contains the materials and methods used in the production of

The Effectiveness of Charcoal Ash with Gumamela (Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis)

extract as a dishwashing scrub paste. Also, this chapter includes the research

design, the research setting, the research instruments and the materials being

used by the researchers, and the process about in obtaining the products.

Research Design

This study used Correlation-Experimental Research Design to determine

the effectiveness of Charcoal Ash with Gumamela (Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis)

extract as a dishwashing scrub paste. Experimental Research was used in order

to test the effectiveness and quality of the materials and product being used.

The Correlation Research Design was used to correlate the significant difference

among Charcoal Ash and Gumamela in terms of concentration.

21
Research Setting

The experimental research was conducted at Zone 6, Bagumbayan

Libmanan, Camarines Sur. The said place was 900 meters away from the Bicol

Central Academy. The researchers could travel within 3 minutes through

vehicles, 5 minutes through pedicab and approximately 11 minutes through

walking to reach the location. Figure 2.1, shows the map of Zone 6 Bagumbayan

Libmanan, Camarines Sur where the researchers conducted the study.

22
Figure 2.1, (Map of Zone 6 Bagumbayan Libmanan, Camarines Sur)

23
Research Instrument

Survey sheet was used to record and evaluate the capability of the

dishwashing scrub paste in terms of soot removal, degreasing ability and

polishing property among different extract concentrations such as 20% Charcoal

Ash and 80% Gumamela (Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis) extract, 50% Charcoal Ash

and 50% Gumamela (Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis) Extract and 80% Charcoal Ash

and 20% Gumamela (Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis) extract concentrated solution, it is

also used in determining the capability of Charcoal Ash with Gumamela (Hibiscus

Rosa Sinensis) as a dishwashing scrub paste in terms of its ability to scrub,

clean , degrease and polish cooking wares. Survey sheet was also used in

evaluating the significant relationship between the effectiveness of Charcoal Ash

with Gumamela (Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis) as a dishwashing scrub paste and the

commercialized dishwashing agent. Weighing scale was used in measuring and a

tablespoon in mixing Gumamela (Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis) and Charcoal Ash. The

receptacle was made from plastic that holds the dishwashing scrub paste with

different concentrations.

Research Materials

In conducting the experiment, the researchers used the following

materials in the production of Charcoal Ash with Gumamela (Hibiscus Rosa

24
 1
Sinensis) extract as a dishwashing scrub paste; approximately kilogram of
2

Charcoal Ash and 100 pieces of Gumamela Flowers, and mortar and pestle was

used in order to extract the aqueous solution from the petals. Tablespoon was

used in mixing the solution. For the measurement of ingredients, weighing scale

was used. Baking Soda was also used to enhance the cleaning and polishing

cooking wares. Mixing Bowl was used to serve as a container for mixing the

ingredients. A strainer was used to remove the petals from the aqueous solution

and unused cloth was used to furthermore enhance to purify the solution. The

receptacle serves as a container for the dishwashing scrub paste. Lastly, a soap

paste to create the structure of the dishwashing scrub paste.

Data Gathering Procedures

The researchers brought the materials needed in the experiment then the

researchers gathered and collected the Gumamela Flowers as well as the

Charcoal Ashes in Bagumbayan, Libmanan, Camarines Sur.

The researchers separated the Gumamela (Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis) petals

and grinded the petals with the use of mortar and pestle in order to produce the

extract needed. Using an unused clothe, the researchers separated the puree

from the petals and contained the puree in a receptacle. In a separate container,

25
the researchers mixed of baking soda, Charcoal Ash, soap paste and lemon

scent. The researchers mixed the materials until the solution is ready.

Statistical Treatment of Data

This study used the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to test the significant

difference in the effectiveness of cleaning cooking wares using Charcoal Ash with

the following concentrations, 20%, 50% and 80% solutions with Gumamela

(Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis) extract with 20%, 50% and 80% concentration. It also

determined whether there are significant differences between the means of three

or more independent (unrelated) groups which has different concentrations of

Gumamela extract and Charcoal ash. It was also used in determining the

significant relationship of the Charcoal Ash with Gumamela (Hibiscus Rosa

Sinensis) extract as a dishwashing scrub paste and other commercialized

dishwashing agent. This statistical treatment was used to evaluate the significant

relationship between the use of Charcoal Ash with Gumamela (Hibiscus Rosa

Sinensis) extract as a dishwashing scrub paste and the commercialized

dishwashing agents used in daily life by households. This Analysis of Variance

provided a brief introduction to the one-way ANOVA, including the assumptions

of the test and when this treatment is applicable. Furthermore, this statistical

treatment will determine if the null hypothesis is rejected and alternative

hypothesis is accepted or vice versa.

26
27
 Chapter III

Results and Discussions

This chapter represents the interpretation of findings in determining the

effectiveness of charcoal Ash with Gumamela extract in a dishwashing scrub

paste for cooking wares where three (3) trials were conducted mix 80% ash and

20% gumamela, 50% ash and 50% gumamela, 20% ash and 80% gumamela

concentration solutions.

In conducting the experimentation, in every concentration (20%, 50%,

80%) the researchers spent 1 minute of scrubbing the cooking wares with the

use of our dishwashing scrub paste to prove that our product is effective.

SURVEY SHEET

Survey sheet was used to prove that charcoal ash with Gumamela extract

can be used in creating a dishwashing scrub paste.

28
 Capabilities of Charcoal Ash with Gumamela (Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis)

Extract as a Dishwashing Scrub Paste

The capabilities of Charcoal Ash with Gumamela ( Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis)

as a Dishwashing Scrub Paste was measured by providing criteria that can

measure the abilities of Charcoal Ash with Gumamela (Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis)

extract as a Dishwashing Scrub Paste. A survey was conducted at Bagumbayan,

Libmanan, Camarines Sur.

Table 3.1 presents the average of the results from the survey

questionnaire that was distributed to determine capabilities of the (Hibiscus Rosa

Sinensis) extract as a dishwashing scrub paste.

Table 3.1 Capabilities of Charcoal Ash with Gumamela (Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis)

extract as a dishwashing scrub paste

Ability Bibact Brand X

SOOT REMOVER 23 18
GREASE REMOVER 25 21
ODOR REMOVER 22 21
POLISHING 25 18

ABILITY
EFFECTIVENESS 24 14
QUICK STAIN 24 22
REMOVAL
LESS EFFORT 23 21
TOTAL 166 135
MEAN 23.71 19.28
VARIANCE 1.23 7.90

29
 INTERPRETATION VERY MUCH EFFECTIVE VERY EFFECTIVE

The table above revealed that Charcoal Ash with Gumamela (Hibiscus

Rosa Sinensis) Extract as a dishwashing scrub paste or BiBact scored 23.71

which is interpreted as very much effective while for the brand X, the

interpretations was effective and has scored 19.28. A survey questionnaire was

given in testing out the Charcoal Ash with Gumamela (Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis)

extract as a dishwashing scrub paste or Bibact and the brand X. This shows that

the BiBact which scored the highest with the average of 23.71 very much

effective compared to brand X.

30
 Significant Difference between Charcoal Ash with Gumamela (Hibiscus

Rosa Sinensis) extract as a Dishwashing Scrub Paste and the

Commercialized Dishwashing Agent

Table 3.2 presents the difference between Charcoal Ash with Gumamela

(Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis) extract as a dishwashing scrub paste and other

commercialized dishwashing agent. Data were analyzed and interpreted using

the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).

SOURC SUM DEGRE MEAN F- P- ALPH F- DECISI INTERPRETATI

E OF OF E OF SQUA STATISTI VALV A (∝) CRITI ON ON
VARIA SQUAR FREED RE CS E CAL
TIONS ES OM
(df)
Betwee 1497.8 2 748.9 162.69 2.99 0.10 3.55 REJECT There is a
n 1 0 or significant
groups 10% difference
between
BiBact and
other
commercialized
dishwashing
agent.
Within 88.85 18 4.60 N°
groups
Table 3.2, Analysis of Variance

31
 Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used in evaluating the significant

relationship between BiBact and other commercialized dishwashing agent. As

shown in table 3.2, the degree of freedom (df) for each source was two (2) for

between columns and six (6) for within the columns. The sum of squares for

between columns is 1497.81 and 88.85 for within the columns. The computed F

value of 7.90 was found to be higher than the tabular F value of 1.23. With this,

the null hypothesis was rejected and alternative hypothesis was accepted.

Hence, there was a significant difference between BiBact and other

commercialized dishwashing agent.

32
Effectiveness of Charcoal Ash with Gumamela (Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis)

Extract as a Dishwashing Scrub Paste in terms of Different

Concentrations

The effectiveness of Charcoal Ash with Gumamela (Hibiscus Rosa

Sinensis) extract as a dishwashing scrub paste was tested in cooking wares with

different concentrations such as: 20% Charcoal Ash and 80% Gumamela extract,

50% Charcoal Ash and 50% Gumamela extract and 80% Charcoal Ash and 20%

Gumamela extract. They were tested in the households of Barangay

Bagumbayan, Libmanan, Camarines Sur.

Table 3.3 presents the average of the results from the survey

questionnaire that was distributed to determine the effectiveness among the

different concentrations of Charcoal Ash and Gumamela (Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis)

extract as a dishwashing scrub paste.

Table 3.3, Effectiveness among the Different Concentrations of Charcoal

Ash and Gumamela (Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis) Extract as a Dishwashing Scrub

Paste

Trial Concentrations
20% 50% 80%
1 11 11 15
2 12 15 18
3 14 15 18
Total 37 41 51

33
 Mean 12.33 13.67 17.0
Variance 2.33 5.33 3.0
Interpretation Effective Very Effective Very Much Effective

This table revealed that 20% Charcoal Ash with 80% Gumamela extract

concentration was scored 12.33 which is interpreted as effective. Meanwhile for

the 50% Charcoal Ash with 50% Gumamela extract concentrations, it was

interpreted very effective and has scored 5.33. Lastly, for the 80% Charcoal Ash

with 20% Gumamela extract was 17.0 which scored the highest and was found

very much effective. For every concentration, one (1) cooking ware was used for

every trial. One (1) minute was given in testing out every concentration.

This shows that the 80% Charcoal Ash with 20% Gumamela extract

concentration which scored the highest was found very much effective than

other concentrations.

Significant Difference among Charcoal Ash with Gumamela (Hibiscus

Rosa Sinensis) extract as a Dishwashing Scrub Paste

Table 3.4 presents the difference among Charcoal Ash with Gumamela

(Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis) extract in terms of the following concentrations: 80%

34
 Charcoal ash and 20% Gumamela extract, 50% Charcoal ash and 50%

Gumamela extract and 20% Charcoal ash and 80% Gumamela extract. Data

were analyzed and interpreted using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).

SOURCE DEGREE
OF SUM OF OF MEAN F- P- ALPHA F-
DECISION INTERPRETATION
VARIATI SQUARES FREEDO SQUARE STATISTICS VALVE (∝) CRITICAL
ONS M (df)
Betwee 34.67 2 17.33 4.87 0.06 0.10 3.46 REJECT There is a
n or significant
groups 10% difference
among the
80%
Gumamela
extract and
20% Charcoal
ash.
Within 21.33 6 3.56 N°
groups
Table 3.4 Analysis of Variance

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used in evaluating the significant

difference among the three concentrations in finding the effectiveness of

Charcoal Ash and Gumamela (Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis) extract.

As shown in table 3.4, the degree of freedom (df) for each source was

two (2) for between columns and six (6) for within the columns. The sum of

squares for between columns is 34.67 and 21.33 for within the columns. The

computed F value of 5.33 was found to be higher than the tabular F value of 3.0.

Thus, the null hypothesis was rejected and alternative hypothesis was accepted.

35
Therefore, there was a significant difference among the different concentrations

of Charcoal Ash and Gumamela (Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis) extract as a

dishwashing scrub paste.

CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION

This chapter presents the summary of the findings, conclusions and

recommendations of this study.

36
 Summary

This study focused on the effectiveness of Charcoal Ash with Gumamela

(Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis) Extract as a dishwashing scrub paste. Survey

questionnaire was used in finding the capabilities of Charcoal Ash with

Gumamela (Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis) extract as a dishwashing scrub paste as well

as finding the significant difference between BiBact and other commercialized

dishwashing agent. Correlational research design sought to understand if there is

a significant difference the naturally occurring variables have with one another in

the different concentrations of Charcoal Ash 20%, 50% and 80% concentrated

solutions and Gumamela (Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis) extract with 20%, 50% and

80% concentration solution. More so, it evaluated the significant difference in

terms of soot removal, degreasing ability, odour removal capability and cleaning

ability. Three (3) trials were done for each concentration wherein, each trial used

three (3) cooking pots. Frequency count was used in determining the

effectiveness of Charcoal Ash with Gumamela extract as a dishwashing scrub

paste. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tested the significant difference among the

80% Gumamela extract and 20% Charcoal Ash. The computed F value 5.33 was

found to be the higher tabular F value 3.0. Therefore, the null hypothesis was

rejected and alternative hypothesis was accepted. Hence, there was a significant

difference among the 80% Gumamela extract and 20% Charcoal Ash.

37
Problem 1

What is the capability of Charcoal Ash with Gumamela (Hibiscus Rosa

Sinensis) as a dishwashing scrub paste in terms of:

a. Scrubbing Ability

b. Degreasing ability

c. Polishing Ability

d. Cleaning Ability

Findings

In order to test the capabilities of BiBact, a comparison between BiBact

and other commercialized dishwashing agent was conducted. The computed F

value, 7.90 was found higher than the tabular F value which is 1.23. Hence, the

Charcoal Ash with Gumamela (Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis) extract as a dishwashing

scrub paste is capable of removing soot, odor and stain and cleaning cooking

wares.

Problem 2

Is there a significant relationship between the effectiveness of Charcoal

Ash with Gumamela (Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis) as a dishwashing scrub paste and

the commercialized dishwashing agent?

38
Findings

Using of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) the significant difference between

Charcoal Ash with Gumamela (Hibiscus Rosas Sinensis) extract as a dishwashing

scrub paste or BiBact and other commercialized dishwashing agents was

determined. The computed F value of 7.90 was found to be higher than the

tabular F value of 1.23. With this result, the null hypothesis was rejected and

alternative hypothesis was accepted. Hence, there is a significant difference

between BiBact and other commercialized dishwashing agent.

Problem 3

Is there a significant difference among Charcoal Ash with Gumamela

extract in terms of the following concentrations:

a. 50% Charcoal Ash and 50% Gumamela Extract

b. 20% Charcoal Ash and 80% Gumamela Extract

c. 80% Charcoal Ash and 20% Gumamela extract

Findings

39
 Using of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) the significant difference among

80% Gumamela (Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis) and 20% Charcoal Ash. The computed

F value of 5.33 was found to be higher than the tabular F value of 3.0. Thus, the

null hypothesis was rejected and alternative hypothesis was accepted. Therefore,

there is a significant difference among the 80% Gumamela extract and 20%

Charcoal Ash.

Conclusion

Charcoal Ash with Gumamela (Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis) extract as a

dishwashing scrub paste is capable of cleaning stains in cooking wares cooking

wares. Therefore, BiBact is an effective way of cleaning stain, removing odour

and soot in the cooking wares than other commercialized dishwashing agents.

This study was supported by Warra, A. A. (2013) which states that ancient

peoples were using a wood ashes and water to clean themselves and to prevent

them from irritation with grease or oil. Also, according to Uddin, B. et; al (2010),

the flower extracts of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis had stronger antibacterial effects

than that of leaves and raises the possibility of using the extracts as antibacterial

agents. With BiBact scoring the highest, result reveals that there is a significant

difference between BiBact and Brand X.

Recommendation

40
 It is encouraged to be used the phytochemical analysis to determine the

chemical properties of Gumamela and a chemical analysis should be conducted

in identifying the properties of Charcoal Ash.

41