AIR TANAH VS KADAR AIR

Terminology Airtanah

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Berbagai Jenis Aquifer

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Akuifer adalah lapisan batuan dibawah permukaan tanah yang
mengandung air dan dapat dirembesi air.

Akuifer adalah formasi geologi atau grup formasi yang

mengandung air dan secara signifikan mampu mengalirkan air
melalui kondisi alaminya.

Batasan lain yang digunakan adalah reservoir air tanah, lapisan

pembawa air.

Todd (1955) menyatakan bahwa akuifer berasal dari Bahasa Latin

yaitu aqui dari aqua yang berarti air dan ferre yang berarti
membawa, jadi akuifer adalah lapisan pembawa air.
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Confined and Unconfined Aquifers

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Groundwater Flow…

… Baseflow

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Berbagai Types…

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Grafik aliran air tanah sbg base flow ke waduk

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Hydraulic Head air tanah
Pressure:
P = ghp
Where:
 = density of water (kg m-3)
g = gravitational acceleration (m s-2)
hp = pressure head
hp
a ht
Total hydraulic head (ht):

ht = z + hp
z

datum
Where:
z = elevation
hp = pressure head
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Darcy’s Law

Darcy’s Law defines groundwater flow:

dht
Q = kv A
dx
where:
Q is discharge (L3 T-1)
kv is the hydraulic conductivity (L T-1)
A is area of flow (L2), and
dht/dx is the gradient of pressure, or head
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 Hydraulic Conductivity (kv)

13 Hornberger, 1998
Groundwater Development

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Groundwater/Surface Water Connections

Gaining Stream
In systems with high degree of
groundwater/surface water connectivity
(highly transmissive sediments)

Pumping Well

Cone of
Groundwater Depression

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Recharge Zone Protection Example
Unconfined
Aquifer

Recharge Zone
Confined Aquifer
landfill

Municipal well field

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 Berbagai kemungkinan arah aliran air tanah

Gaining stream Losing stream

Effluent stream Influent stream

Perched losing stream Flow-through stream

17 Dingman
 Hyporheic Zone
• Zone where water is
exchanged between
surface and
groundwater
• Controlled by
geomorphology
(upwelling and
downwelling)
• Biochemical processing:
water quality & habitat
issues
• Temperature

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