Applied Hydraulics and Pneumatics

2 Mark Questions

1. What is a Fluid?
A fluid is a substance that deforms continuously when subjected to an external
shearing force, thereby capable of flowing.

2. What is Fluid Power?

Fluid Power may be defined as the technology that deals with the generation control
and transmission of power using pressurized fluids.

3. What are the types of Fluid Systems?

There are two different types of fluid systems are
• Fluid transport system.
• Fluid power system.

4. List any Four advantages of Fluid Power Systems?

The Four Advantages of Fluid Power Systems are
• Ease and accuracy of control
• Multiplication of Forces
• Constant Force or Torque
• Simplicity, Safety, and Economy.
• High Power to Weight Ratio.

5. What are the main types of Fluid Power systems?

There are two types of Fluid Power Systems are
• Hydraulic Power Systems
• Pneumatic Power Systems.

6. What are the Basic Components of Pneumatic Systems?

The Basic Components of Pneumatics Systems are:
• Reservoir (or)Air Tank
• Compressor
• Prime Mover Valves
• Actuators
• Fluid Transfer Piping.

7. What are the types of Fluids?

There are three types of fluids they are
• Liquids
• Gases
• Vapour.

8. Differentiate between Fluid Transport Systems Vs Fluid Power systems?

Fluid Transport Systems Fluid Power Systems

The objectives of fluid transport system The fluid power systems are primarily
is to transport or deliver fluids from one designed to perform work. That is test these
 place to another place to achieve some systems use pressurized fluids to produce
useful purpose some useful mechanical movements to
accomplish the desired work
Some of the examples for fluid transport Some of the examples for fluid power
systems include system is
• transport of water from water • oil is used in various construction and
reservoirs earthmoving equipment
• transport of petroleum oil gas • the compressed air used in
from one country to another pneumatic cranes
country through pipelines

9. Where do you need a pump?

The two broad applications of the pump are given below
• The pump is used to transport liquid as the case in pumps for irrigation or
pumps used in houses, in this case, the outlet line is open to the atmosphere
there is no resistance to the fluid flow so there will be no discharge pressure
above the atmosphere but there will be flow these types of pumps will fall into
positive displacement pumps.
• The pump is used to develop pressure in the fluid power system in fluids the
power system outlet line is not exposed to the atmosphere output line is
blocked liquid is ideally incompressible is the fluid so the resistance to the
fluid flow delivered at the outlet line is the pressure developed by the pump
the hydraulic power developed by pumps is converted back into mechanical
energy by hydraulic activators connected to the output line theoretically we
have infinite resistance to flow the pressure will therefore rise until some
component breaks unless initial relief is provided that’s why pressure relief
valves are used in fluid power systems when the pressure reaches a set value
the relief valve will open to allow the flow back to the oil tank.

10.

11. Difference between Single and Double Acting Cylinder?

Single Acting Cylinder Double Acting Cylinder

 The single-acting cylinder can deliver a The double-acting cylinder can deliver
force only in One Direction. force in both the directions
In the single-acting cylinder, the fluid In the double-acting Cylinder, the fluid
pressure input is given on one side for input pressure is given on both sides the
extension the retraction will occur due extension side and the retraction side so
to the return spring compression on the which it can we can able to control the
piston. extension and retraction in both
directions.
The single-acting cylinder can't table to The double-acting cylinders are mostly
using the largest stroke applications used in applications where the largest
since the spring can’t able to provide the stroke lengths are desired
output force for the full stroke of the
piston in the cylinder so the cylinder
usage is limited

12. What is the control valve function of different valves in a Hydraulic system?
The control valves are classified into three types based on their functions in
hydraulic systems as
• Direction control valve
• Pressure control valve
• Flow control(or Volume Control) valves.

Direction Control Valves: The function of a direction control valve DCV is to

control the direction of flow in a hydraulic circuit.

Pressure Control Valves: the functions of pressure control valves is as follows

• To limit the maximum pressure in various circuit components as a safety

measure
• to maintain desired pressure levels in various parts of the circuit
• to unload system pressure to change the direction of all or part of the flow
when the pressure at a certain point reaches a specified level
• to assist the sequential operation of actuators in the circuit with pressure
control.

Flow Control Valves: The flow control valves also known as volume control
valves are used to regulate the rate of fluid flow to the different parts of the
hydraulic system.

13. Name the Types of Accumulators and their Uses?

Accumulators are classified in terms of the manner in which load is supplied there
are three types of basic types of accumulators used in hydraulic systems are
• Weight loaded (or)deadweight accumulators.
• Spring-loaded accumulators.
• Gas-loaded accumulators.

Uses Of Accumulators: The accumulators are used for the following types of
applications they are
• For hydraulic shock suspension.
• For fluid makeup in close the hydraulic system.
• For leakage compensation.
 • For source of emergency power in case of power failure.
• For holding high pressure for long periods of time without keeping the pump
unit in operation.

14. What is the function of Pressure intensifier and their applications?

The function of the pressure intensifier is to convert a large volume, low-pressure
fluid supply into a proportionately small volume, high-pressure fluid outlet.
Applications of Pressure Intensifiers:
• Hydraulic presses
• riveting machine
• spot welders.

15. Mention the six elements of basic Closed Loop Servo Systems?
The Six Elements of Basic Closed Loop Servo Systems are
• Command Signal
• Servo amplifiers
• Servo valves
• Actuators
• Load
• Feedback Transducer.

16. If the pump is not delivering sufficient oil or no oil what are all the possible causes
and remedies for this problem?

Possible Causes Remedies

Empty reservoir bowl Institute program of regular refilling or
use and automatic refill system
Clogged passageways Disassemble and clean
Closed needle valve Check adjustment
Torn restrictor Replace the broken restrictor
Internal parts incorrectly assembled Disassemble and reassemble carefully
Clogged pick-up tube inlet Clean away debris
Non-vertical positioning Reposition and/or relocate the
lubricator

17. Note: The problem below this is just a model sum not with the exact values the sir
said so practice with the sums