PAST PERFECT

Look at the following examples:

By the time El Kevin arrived with the tortillas,
El Briyan and La Barby had already eaten all the mole
Look at the following examples:
By the time El Kevin arrived with the tortillas,
El Briyan and La Barby had already eaten all the mole

El Kevin hadn’t arrived with the tortillas yet

when El Bryan and La Barby finished eating all the mole.
What happened first?

El Kevin arrived or El Bryan and La Barby ate all the mole?

What happened first?

El Kevin arrived or El Bryan and La Barby ate all the mole?

Activity 1: El Bryan and la Barby ate all the mole

Activity 2: El Kevin arrived

What happened first?

Present
Past Future
What happened first?
Activity 1: El Bryan and la Barby ate all the mole

Activity 2: El Kevin arrived

Activity 2
Activity 1
Kevin
Bryan/Barby
late (ashhhh)

10:30 am 11:50 am

Present
Past Future
What happened first?
Activity 1: El Bryan and la Barby ate all the mole

Activity 2: El Kevin arrived

Activity 2
Activity 1 Kevin
Bryan/Barby late (ashhhh!!!)

10:30 am 11:50 am

Present
Past Future
What happened first?

By the time El Kevin arrived with the tortillas,

El Briyan and La Barby had already eaten all the mole

Activity 2
Activity 1
Kevin
Bryan/Barby
late (ashhhh)

10:30 am 11:50 am

Present
Past Future
What happened first?

By the time El Kevin arrived with the tortillas,

El Briyan and La Barby had already eaten all the mole

Activity 2
Activity 1
Kevin
Bryan/Barby
late (ashhhh)

10:30 am 11:50 am

Present
Past Future
What happened first?

By the time El Kevin arrived with the tortillas,

El Briyan and La Barby had already eaten all the mole

Activity 2
Activity 1
Kevin
Bryan/Barby
late (ashhhh)

10:30 am 11:50 am

Present
Past Future
What happened first?

El Kevin hadn’t arrived with the tortillas yet

when El Bryan and La Barby finished eating all the mole.

Activity 2
Activity 1
Negative
Bryan/Barby
Kevin

10:30 am 11:50 am

Present
Past Future
What happened first?

El Kevin hadn’t arrived with the tortillas yet

when El Bryan and La Barby finished eating all the mole.

Activity 2
Activity 1
Negative
Bryan/Barby
Kevin

10:30 am 11:50 am

Present
Past Future
What happened first?

El Kevin hadn’t arrived with the tortillas yet

when El Bryan and La Barby finished eating all the mole.

Activity 2
Activity 1
Negative
Bryan/Barby
Kevin

10:30 am 11:50 am

Present
Past Future
Definition: Past Perfect is the past of the past
 Definition: Past Perfect is the past of the past

We use past perfect to talk about:

happened
A past action that before another past action
didn’t happen

When I arrived, the teacher had already started class

(the teacher arrived before me)
I hadn’t arrived yet, when the teacher started class
(an action that didn’t happen before another one)
 Definition: Past Perfect is the past of the past

We use past perfect to talk about:

happened
A past action that before another past action
didn’t happen

When I arrived, the teacher had already started class

(the teacher arrived before me)
I hadn’t arrived yet, when the teacher started class
(an action that didn’t happen before another one)
 Definition: Past Perfect is the past of the past

We use past perfect to talk about:

happened
A past action that before another past action
didn’t happen

When I arrived, the teacher had already started class

(the teacher arrived before me)
 Definition: Past Perfect is the past of the past

We use past perfect to talk about:

happened
A past action that before another past action
didn’t happen

When I arrived, the teacher had already started class

(the teacher arrived before me)
I hadn’t arrived yet when the teacher started class
(I didn’t arrive before the teacher; I arrived after him)
General structure:
 I arrived 7:40 am
General structure: Class started 7:00 am
 I arrived 7:40 am
General structure: Class started 7:00 am
Affirmative

When I arrived, the teacher had already started class

Simple past Past Perfect

Activity 2 Activity 1
When
By the time
 I arrived 7:40 am
General structure: Class started 7:00 am
Affirmative

aux
S Vpast , S (already) Vpp
HAD
When I arrived, the teacher had already started class

Simple past Past Perfect

Activity 2 Activity 1
When
By the time
 I arrived 7:40
General structure: Class started 7:00 am
Negative
 I arrived 7:40
General structure: Class started 7:00 am
Negative

When the class began, I hadn’t arrived yet

Simple past Past Perfect

Activity 1 Activity 2
When In negative form
By the time
 I arrived 7:40
General structure: Class started 7:00 am
Negative
aux
S Vpast , S HADN’T Vpp (yet)

When the class began, I hadn’t arrived yet

Simple past Past Perfect

Activity 1 Activity 2
When In negative form
By the time
 I arrived 7:40
General structure: Class started 7:00 am
Interrogative
 I arrived 7:40
General structure: Class started 7:00 am
Interrogative

Had the class already started when you arrived?

Had you already arrived when the class started?

 I arrived 7:40
General structure: Class started 7:00 am
Interrogative

Had the class already started when you arrived?

Had you already arrived when the class started?

Past Perfect Simple past

Activity 1 or 2 When Activity 1 or 2
The one you want to ask about By the time
 I arrived 7:40
General structure: Class started 7:00 am
Interrogative
aux
HAD S already Vpp S Vpast ?

Had the class already started when you arrived?

Had you already arrived when the class started?

Past Perfect Simple past

Activity 1 or 2 When Activity 1 or 2
The one you want to ask about By the time
 Past Perfect vs Simple Past
We usually use Past Perfect to contrast the order in which two
activities in the past happened (sometimes we asume and
don’t directly mention the contrasted activity):

When I arrived, the teacher had already started class

(you are contrasting two events in the past)

I hadn’t gotten home yesterday by 7:00pm

(you are contrasting this activity with a non-mentioned context)
 Past Perfect vs Simple Past
You use Simple Past to talk about completed and specific
events at a specific moment in the Past.

I got home yesterday by 7:00

(you are not contrasting this activity with any other one)

I didn’t see Alfred yesterday in class

(again, you’re not contrasting this activity with any other one)
 Preactice speaking:
Yesterday…

7:00 am 9:00 am 2:00pm 5:00pm 10:00pm

Eat tacos Buy See El

Kevin Wake up Throw up
sudados Tonayan Bryan

Take a Drink her

La Britany Be in bed Wake up Go to bed
shower first beer

Take a Call la Take a See El

El Brayan Rob a Bank
shower Britany Micro Kevin
take La Go to Oxo
Jason & Turn on the Get to your Call La
Barby to get
Williams TV house Britany
home some beers
Take Chat with
Make do
You Get up Drawing your
breakfast homework
class friends
 Elaboró
Edgar Gómez Muñoz