SUPERIOR EXTREMITIES

 
Divided into several regions: 
1. Regio infraclavicularis 
2. Regio deltoidea 
3. Regio scapularis 
4. Regio axillary 
5. Regio brachii 
6. Regio cubiti 
7. Regio antebrachii 
8. Regio Carpus 
9. Regio manus 
10. Digiti Regio Regio Infraclavicularis limits - limits:
 Cranial: clavicula
 Caudal: regio ectasia
 Lateral: medial edge M.deltoideus
 Medial: sternum
These regions largely covered by M. Pectoralis major that is also called
the pectoralis region. These regions constitute the upper thorax wall
and a wall of the cavity ventralis armpit. 
  
Deltoidea Regio
Regio is the area covered by M.deltoideus.  
  
Axillary Regio 
Regio is the area bounded by folding and folding armpit armpit
ventralis dorsalis. Appears as an indentation called axillary
fossa. Meanwhile, when the skin is opened this area would constitute a
pyramid-shaped room called axillary spatium.  
  
Regio brachii 
limits - limits regio: 
 Proximal: folding underarm
 Distal: the second connecting lines epicondyli humeral
Regio brachii consisting of regio brachii brachii anterior and posterior
regions. 
  
Regio cubital 
Limit: each - each three fingers toward the proximal and distal 3
fingers in the direction of a line connecting the two epicondyli. 
Regio antebrachii 
limits - limits: 

 Proximal: 3 finger distal to the line between the humeral

epicondyli
 Distal: the line between proc.styloideus proc.styloideus radii and
ulna.

Hand 
Limit proximal: the line connecting proc.styloideus radii and ulna
proc.styloideus 
limit distal: lines that are as high as capituli Ossa metacarpalia.  
  
Regio digit 
Namely fingers - fingers. 
  
  
OS humerus
     Kind of long bones. Section proximal protrusion medial humeral
head, which is separated by the corpus by collum anatomicum. 
     Proximal corpus laterally are tuberculum magi were ten ventral
tuberculum minus, each of which continues to caudal be Crista tuberculi
Majoris and Crista tuberculi minoris. 
Between these two tuberculum there intertubercularis sulcus. 
Under both tuberculum are collum chirurgicum. 
     Ventral dorsal corpus contained little to the tuberosity
deltoidea. Next to the dorsal corpus walk sulcus nervi the radial
direction medio cranial to caudal latero.  
  
 OS RADIUS
     Proximal smaller than distal. The most proximal capitulum radii
which has two surfaces, which cranial: fovea capituli radii where
articulasi with capitulum humeri, surrounding the capitulum radii:
circumferentia articularis radii where ariculasi with the ulna at the
incisura radialis. 
Capitulum radii separated by the corpus by collum radii. 
The distal radius berarticulasi with ulna at the incisura ulnaris and with
Ossa carpalia on facies articularis carpea. 

  
  
OS ulna

Part proximal greater than distal, sections concave called incisura

semilunaris having a protrusion processus coronoideus and bulge to
dorsal namely olecranon, incisura semilunaris berarticulasi with
throclea humeral. 
Next to radial and caudal of processus coronoideus located incisura
radialis place beraticulasi with radius on circumferentia articularis
radii , Caudal processus coronoideus rough portion called the ulna
tuberosity. 
  
Corpus has ulna; 
 Crista interossea dealing with radius
 Crista supinatoria located in the dorsal
 Ossa CARPALIA
If compiled from lateral to medial, side proximal:  

 Os naviculare manus
 os lunate
 os triquetrum
 os pisiforme

The distal portion: 

 Os wise multangulum
 Os multangulum minus
 os capitatum
 os lunate
  
  
Ossa METACARPALIA
     Consists of: caput (berarticulasi with phalanx), corpus and base
(next to the proximal berarticulasi with Ossa carpalis). 
Caput is greater than the base. 

 Metacarpus 1: shortest, having facies articularis oval,

berarticulasi with multangulum wise.
 Metacarpus 2: the longest, widest base, irregularly shaped.
 Metacarpus 3: a triangular base, has processus styloideus.
 Metacarpus 4: base quadrilateral.
 Metacarpus 5: triangular-shaped base.
 MYOLOGI
 
Muscles - Shoulder muscles Ventral 
1. M. pectoralis major 
2. M.pectoralis minor 
third. M.subclavius 
4. M. subscapularis 

muscles - Muscles Lateral Shoulder 

1. M. deltoid 
2. M. supraspinatus 

muscle - Muscles Dorsal Shoulders 

1. M.infraspinatus 
2. M. teres minor 
3. M. teres major 
4. M. latissimus muscles - Muscles Ventral Upper Arm 1. M.biceps
brachii
  
Muscles - Muscles Dorsal Upper Arm 
1. M.triceps brachii 
2. M.anconeus
  
Muscles - Muscle Surface Ventral Forearm 
1. M.pronator teres 
2. M.flexor carpi radialis 
3. M.palmaris longus 
4. M.flexor digitorum superficialis
  
Muscles - Muscle Ventral Forearm Next In 
1. M.flexor digitorum profundus 
2. M.flexor pollicis longus 
3. M.pronator Quadratus
  
Muscles - Muscle Radial Forearm 
1. M.brachioradialis 
2. M.extensor carpi radialis longus 
3. M.extensor carpi radialis brevis
  
Muscles - Muscle Surface Dorsal Forearm 
1. M.extensor digitorum (communis) 
2. M.extensor digiti minimi 
3. M.extensor carpi ulnar
  
Muscles - Muscles Dorsal Forearm Inside 
1. M.supinator 
2. M.extensor pollicis longus 
3. M.extensor indicis 
4. M.abductor policis longus 
5. M.extensor policis brevis
  
The muscles hypotenar 
1. M.palmaris brevis 
2. M.abduktor digiti minimi 
3. M. Plexor digiti minimi brevis 
4. M.opponens digiti minimi 

muscles of thenar
1. M. abductor brevis policis 
2. M. flexor brevis policis 
3. M.opponens pollicis 
4. M.adduktor pollicis
  
The muscles of Palms 
1. Mm.lumbricales 
2. Mm.interossei Palmares I-III 
3. Mm. Interossei dorsalis I-IV 

Upper extremity muscle

innervation
N.thoracodorsalis  N.medianus 
1. M.latissimus dorsi  1. M.pronator teres 
2. M.teres major (var.)  2. M.flexor carpi radialis 
  
3. M.palmaris longus 
N.suprascapularis 
4. M.flexor digitorum
1. M.supraspinatus 
superficial 
2. M.infraspinatus 
  
5. M.flexor digitorum
Nn.subscapularis  profundus 
1. M.subscapularis  6. M.flexor pollicis longus 
2. M.teres major  7. M.pronator Quadratus 
   8. M.flexor pollicis brevis 
N.radialis  9. M.opponens pollicis 
1. M.triceps brachii  10. M.abduktor pollicis
2. M.anconeus  brevis 
3. M. Brachioradialis  11. Mm.Lumbricales I, II 
4. M.extensor carpi radialis   

longus  N.ulnaris 
5. M.extensor carpi radialis 1. Mm.Lumbricales III, IV 
brevis  2. Mm.Interossei dorsales 
6. M.extensor carpi ulnar  3. Mm.Interossei Palmares 
7. M.extensor digiti minimi  4. M.flexor carpi ulnar 
 8. M.extensor pollicis longus  5. M.flexor digitorum
9. M.abductor pollicis brevis  profundus 
10. M.supinator  6. M.palmaris brevis 
  
7. M.abductor digiti minimi 
N.musculocutaneus 
8. M.flexor digiti minimi
1. M.biceps brachii 
brevis 
2. M.brachialis 
9. M.opponens digiti minimi 
3. M.coracobrachialis
10. M.opponens pollicis 
11. M.flexor pollicis brevis 
12. M.adduktor pollicis

Veins Epifascia Sleeve

  

     V.cephalica formed and grew from rete dorsale manus on the radial
side of the back of the hand. This venous blood flow from the surface
gets tangna through Vv.intercapitularesdan runs along the side of the
radial forearm proximally to the elbow region. In the area of the
elbow, V.cephalica venous anastomoses with the basilica and generally
kept slightly across the lateral sulcus bicipitalis up into triangular clavi
pectorale and here veins penetrate the fascia and empties into
V.axillaris. 
  

     V.basilica appear on the ulnar side of the back of the hand, walk
along the front surface of the ulnar forearm continued proximally
toward the elbow region and here then associated with V.cephalica
through V.mediana cubiti.V.basilica usually stronger than V.cephalica. In
the middle region of the upper arm, V.basilica penetrate into the fascia
brachii medial sulcus bicipitalis and empties into the medial branch
V.brachialis. 
     Anastomosis skewed very varied between V.basilica and V.cephalica
known as cubital V.mediana who got the flow blood from the front side
of the forearm through V.mediana antebrachii. 
     V.mediana basilica and V.mediana cephalica is the liaison V.basilica
and V.cephalica with V.mediana antebrachii.