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Auto Power Supply Control from Four Different Sources

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 Journal of Research in Science, Technology, Engineering and Management (JoRSTEM)
ISSN: 2456-0197

Auto Power Supply Control from Four Different Sources

G. Mahesh1, A.Vinod Kumar2, K. Anitha Reddy3 and Y.Sudha4
1, 2
Final Year B.Tech, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Malla Reddy Engineering College (A), India.
3,4
Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Malla Reddy Engineering College (A). India.

E-Mail: anithamrec1@gmail.com

Abstract— Auto supply switching is basically selection of supply from multiple available power sources
automatically by using microcontroller concept that is to check the availability of the source and switching to that
available source to ensure uninterrupted power supply to load. In case of the electrical appliance control using
automation causes more safety. Auto supply switching is a prototype for the same which is auto change to other
source when main supply fails without human interaction in this system we are designing an embedded circuit to
control and ensure auto supply switching. In case all 4 phases are available, then the switching will be in the
default phase. Four relays are there to control the switching. As it is not feasible to provide all 4 different sources
of supply, one source with alternate switches are provided to get the same function. In this project we are having
4 switches which we consider as 4 different source of supply. When we press any of the switches it shows the
absence of that particular source which is connected to microcontroller as input signals. Here we are using 8051
family microcontroller. The output of microcontroller is given to the ULN2803 this acts as a relay driver. The
current phase working is displayed on LCD also.

Keywords— Microcontroller, ULN 2803 Relay driver, Relay, Resistors, capacitors, oscillators, diode, Power supply.

I. INTRODUCTION

The outline of the project is selection of supply from mains, generator, and inverter and solar automatically by using
microcontroller concept. As it is not feasible to provide all 4 different sources of supply, one source with alternate
switches are provided to get the same function. In this project we are having 4 switches which we consider as 4
different sources of supply. When we press any of the switches it shows the absence of that particular source which
is connected to microcontroller as input signals. Here we are using 8051 family microcontrollers. The output of
microcontroller is given to the ULN2803 this acts as a relay driver. This can drive up to 7 relays. The relays which
are used hear are 12V relay.
The output can be observed using lamp which is getting uninterrupted power supply from other means if main
supply is cut off. The power supply consists of a step-down transformer 230/12V, which steps down the voltage to
12V AC. This is converted to DC using a Bridge rectifier. The ripples are removed using a capacitive filter and it is
then regulated to +5V using a voltage regulator 7805 which is required for the operation of the microcontroller and
other components.
Automating feature is now the need of the day. It is user friendly and easy to use. It saves time too. This project is
also a proto-type to automation of the system. In the earlier days (even today at some places) the manual operations
are frequent. When the main supply goes off the person manually turn on the generator. In case of the electrical
appliance control using automation causes more safety.
This project is a prototype for the same which is auto change over to generator when main supply fails. In this
system we are designing an embedded circuit to control this. In case there are four phases, then the switching will be
in the default phase. Four relays are there to control the switching. The phases will be shown by the operation of
switch that is on /off.
According to the conventional model of current flow originally established by Benjamin Franklin and still followed
by most engineers today, current is assumed to flow through electrical conductors from the positive to
the negative pole. In actuality, free electrons in a conductor nearly always flow from the negative to

Special Issue:
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Malla Reddy Engineering College (Autonomous)
© Malla Reddy Engineering College (Autonomous), Vol. 5, Issue 1, March 2019. 5
 Journal of Research in Science, Technology, Engineering and Management (JoRSTEM)
ISSN: 2456-0197

the positive pole. In the vast majority of applications, however, the actual direction of current flow is irrelevant.
Therefore, in the discussion below the conventional model is retained. Terminal to the right along the red (positive)
path to the output, and returns to the lower supply terminal via the blue (negative) path. In each case, the upper right
output remains positive and lower right output negative. Since this is true whether the input is AC or DC, this circuit
not only produces a DC output from an AC input, it can also provide what is sometimes called "reverse polarity
protection".
In the diagrams below, when the input connected to the left corner of the diamond is positive, and the input
connected to the right corner is negative, current flows from the upper supply
Switches it shows the absence of that particular source which is connected to microcontroller as input signals. Here
we are using 8051 family microcontroller. The output of microcontroller is given to the ULN2003 this acts as a relay
driver. This can drive up to 7 relays.
The relays which are used hear are 12V relay. The output can be observed using lamp which is getting uninterrupted
power supply from other means if main supply is cut off. The power supply consists of a step down transformer
230/12V, which steps down the voltage to 12V AC.
This is converted to DC using a Bridge rectifier. The ripples are removed using a capacitive filter and it is then
regulated to +5V using a voltage regulator 7805 which is required for the operation of the microcontroller and other
components. Automating feature is now the need of the day. It is user friendly and easy to use. It saves time too.
This project is also a proto-type to automation of the system shown in Fig. 1.1.
In the earlier days (even today at some places) the manual operations are frequent. When the main supply goes off
the person manually turn on the generator. In case of the electrical appliance control using automation causes more
safety.
This project is a prototype for the same which is auto change over to generator when main supply fails. In this
system we are designing an embedded circuit to control this. In case there are four phases, then the switching will be
in the default phase. Four relays are there to control the switching. The phases will shown by the operation of switch
that is on /off.
II. BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig. 1.1 Block diagram

Special Issue:
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Malla Reddy Engineering College (Autonomous)
© Malla Reddy Engineering College (Autonomous), Vol. 5, Issue 1, March 2019. 6
 Journal of Research in Science, Technology, Engineering and Management (JoRSTEM)
ISSN: 2456-0197

III. WORKING OF THE PROJECT

A. Scope of the project

This system can used to automate the electrical system where switching is required. It also serves for the
safety in heavy industrial duty. Manual changeover can be replaced by automatic change over in home.

Fig. 3.1 Supply from source 2 when 1 off Fig. 3.2 Supply from source 3 when 1&2 off

Fig. 3.3 supply from source 4 when 1,2&3 off Fig. 3.4 when four sources are off state

Special Issue:
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Malla Reddy Engineering College (Autonomous)
© Malla Reddy Engineering College (Autonomous), Vol. 5, Issue 1, March 2019. 7
 Journal of Research in Science, Technology, Engineering and Management (JoRSTEM)
ISSN: 2456-0197

B. Principle
The brain of the project is microcontroller. There are switches to represent the power source and their on/off
condition shows the availability or unavailability of the power source. This signal is given to the microcontroller and
it is programmed to fulfil the above requirements. The output of the microcontroller is given to ULN2803 relay
driver. The relay finally selects the phase in terms of ac voltage.

C. Block description in brief:

 Source: Different power sources
 Controller: Takes the input and generate proper output as per user program
 Relay Driver: Provide sufficient current and voltage to drive the relays.
 Relay: Automatic switches to switch on the power sources

D. Component Details:
• Hardware:
 Microcontroller
 ULN 2803 Relay driver
 Relay
 Resistors, capacitors, oscillators, diode.
 Power supply

IV. MICROCONTROLLER

The microcontroller used here is a common 8 bit Atmel microcontroller AT89s8253.It is a low-power, high-
performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with12K bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash program memory
and 2K bytes of EEPROM data memory. It has 32 programmable input output lines.

A. ULN 2803 Relay Driver

HIGH-VOLTAGE, HIGH-CURRENT DARLINGTON ARRAYS
This IC is having 8 pairs of high current Darlington array, which is required to drive the RELAYS.

B. Features
• TTL, DTL, PMOS, or CMOS Compatible Inputs
• Output Current to 500 mA
• Output Voltage to 95 V
• Transient-Protected Outputs
• Dual In-Line Package or Wide-Body Small-Outline Package

Special Issue:
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Malla Reddy Engineering College (Autonomous)
© Malla Reddy Engineering College (Autonomous), Vol. 5, Issue 1, March 2019. 8
 Journal of Research in Science, Technology, Engineering and Management (JoRSTEM)
ISSN: 2456-0197

Fig 4.1 Relay Driver

C. Relays:
Relays are electromechanical devices, which are used as a switch. Current flowing through the coil of the relay
creates a magnetic field which attracts a lever and changes the switch contacts. The main advantages of using relay
as a switch is that, they provide electrical isolation between inputs with the help of magnetic coupling and also we
can handle a large power using a relay. There are different types of relays are available and they can be categorized
in various ways. For example relays can be SPST, SPDT, DPST, DPDT etc. SPDT stands for Single Pole Single
Throw, DPDT stands for Double Pole Double Through and so on. Here we have used SPDT switch.
V. SOFTWARE

The software includes the compiler for programming the controller that is MIKRO -C Compiler. The MIKRO C for
8051 Compiler is a powerful feature-rich development tool for Atmel's 8051 microcontrollers. It is designed to
provide the user with the easiest possible solution for developing applications for embedded systems without
compromising on performance. It’s highly advanced integrated development environment (IDE), broad set of library
routines, ready-to-run and comprehensive documentation should be more than enough to get anyone off to a great
start when developing 8051 applications.

Advantages
• It is user-friendly.
• Safer to use.
• Reduces the time of switching due to automation.
• Requires least maintenance
• Risk of short circuiting between two phases is completely removed.

A. AT89S8253

• 8K Bytes of In-System Reprogrammable Flash Memory

• Endurance: 1,000 Write/Erase Cycles
• Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz
• Three-level Program Memory Lock
• 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM
• 32 Programmable digital I/O Lines

Special Issue:
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Malla Reddy Engineering College (Autonomous)
© Malla Reddy Engineering College (Autonomous), Vol. 5, Issue 1, March 2019. 9
 Journal of Research in Science, Technology, Engineering and Management (JoRSTEM)
ISSN: 2456-0197

• Three 16-bit Timer/Counters

M IKRO C COM PILER

Menu Bar

Fast
Icons

Projec t
Exp lorer
Controller
Settings

library

M essage Code E ditor

area

© LabsGuru Technologies Pvt. Ltd. ww w.labsguru.com

B. Eight Interrupt Sources

Scope of this project is to consume the power supply from Mains, Generator, inverter and solar most
effectively.
The outline of this project is selection of supply from Mains, Generator, inverter and solar automatically by
using microcontroller to give an un interrupted power supply to the load
We conclude that main objective of this project is to develop an “AUTO POWER SUPPLY CONTROL
FROM 4 DIFFERENT SOURCES: SOLAR, MAINS, GENERATOR & INVERTER TO ENSURE NO
BREAK POWER”.
It has been developed by integrating features of all the hardware components used. Presence of every
module has been reasoned out and placed carefully thus contributing to the best working of the unit.

REFERENCES

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Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Malla Reddy Engineering College (Autonomous)
© Malla Reddy Engineering College (Autonomous), Vol. 5, Issue 1, March 2019. 10
 Journal of Research in Science, Technology, Engineering and Management (JoRSTEM)
ISSN: 2456-0197

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