Hestia Justine Hakiim. S.

EK-3A
3.32.17.0.12
Inverter
Inverter is a series or electronic device that can convert direct current (DC) into alternating
current (AC) at the voltage and frequency needed in accordance with the design of the circuit.
The sources of direct current or DC current which is the input of the power inverter can be in
the form of batteries, batteries or solar cells. This inverter will be very useful if used in areas
that have limited supply of AC power. Because with the power inverter, we can use batteries
or solar cells to drive household appliances such as televisions, fans, computers or even
refrigerators and washing machines which generally require AC power sources that are 220V
or 110V.
Not only functions as an electric current modifier, the inverter circuit can also be used to
regulate or stabilize the voltage from the output of the electric current generated. In the
inverter circuit we can do all the necessary settings, ranging from frequency, amperes, torque,
speed and much more. So, it can be said if we use an inverter, the voltage generated will
remain stable and can be adjusted as needed. Unlike the stabilizer which only serves to
stabilize the current without being able to change the voltage.
Based on the number of phase outputs the inverter can be distinguished in:
1. 1 phase inverter, i.e. inverter with 1 phase output.
Two capacitors are needed to produce point N so that the voltage on each Vi / 2 capacitor
can be kept constant. S + and S-switches represent electronic switches that reflect the
power semiconductor components as described in advance. S + and S- switches may not
work simultaneously / simultaneously, because a short circuit will occur.
2. 2 phase inverter, i.e. inverter with 3 phase output.
Inverters can also be distinguished by regulating the voltage, namely:
1. Voltage Fed Inverter (VFI) is an inverter with a constant regulated input voltage
2. Current Fed Inverter (CFI) is an inverter with a constant regulated input current
3. Variable dc linked inverter is an inverter with a regulated input voltage
Wave type on the power inverter:
1. Square wave inverter
Existed in the stone age because due to square wave inverter wave can damage electrical
equipment so as the development of the times formed inverter modified sine wave and pure
sine wave. This inverter is the simplest. Although this type of inverter can produce 220 VAC,
50 Hz but the quality is very bad. So that it can be used on a number of electric devices only.
This is due to the characteristic of the output of this inverter is that it has a high level of 'total
harmonic distortion'. Maybe because of that reason this inverter is called 'dirty power supply'.

2. A modified sine wave

This wave that is widely available in the market, besides having advantages is relatively
cheaper than pure sine wave but this type of modified sine wave has a disadvantage, one of
which is that it cannot be used for water pumps, refrigerators, and motor equipment such as
air conditioners. Wave Modified Sine Wave is also called "Modified Square Wave" or
"Quasy Sine Wave" because the modified sine wave wave is almost the same as the square
wave, but the modified sine wave output touches point 0 for some time before moving to
positive or negative . In addition, because modified sine waves have less harmonic distortion
than square waves, they can be used for some electrical devices such as computers, TVs,
lamps, but not biased for more sensitive loads.
3. Pure sine wave
This type of wave is the best and the average Indonesian people have not been able to buy
because the price is expensive. A 1000 watt pure sine wave inverter without a battery charger
costs around 4.5 million to 5 million. With a total harmonic distortion (THD) <3% making it
suitable for all electronic devices. Also called a "clean power supply." The technology used
by this type of inverter is generally called pulse width modulation (PWM) which can convert
DC voltage to AC with waveforms that are almost the same as sinusoidal waves.
Inverter Working Principle
Simply put, a Power Inverter that can convert DC electric current into AC current consists of
only an Oscillator circuit, a Switch circuit and a CT transformer as shown in the picture
below.or 60Hz with an Output Voltage of around 120V or 240V. Output The most commonly
found electrical power for consumer products is around 150 watts to 3000 watts.
The power source in the form of a low-voltage DC electric current (eg 12V) is given to the
Secondary Center Tap (CT) Transformer while the other two ends of the transformer (point A
and point B) are connected via a two-way switch to the ground circuit. If the switch is
connected to point A, it will cause line 1 electric current to flow from the positive terminal of
the battery to the Transformer Primary Tap Center which then flows to point A of the
Transformer to ground through the switch. When the switch is moved from point A to point
B, the electric current flowing in line 1 will stop and electric current in line 2 will start
flowing from the battery positive terminal to the Center Tap Primary Transformer to ground
through Switch point B.
Switching ON and OFF or A and B on this Switch is controlled by an oscillator circuit that
functions as a 50Hz frequency generator, which diverts electric current from point A to point
B and point B to point A at a speed of 50 times per second. Thus, the DC electric current
flowing in lane 1 and lane 2 also alternates as much as 50 times per second as well so that it
is equivalent to an AC current with a frequency of 50Hz. While the main components that are
used as switches in the Inverter Switch circuit are generally MOSFETs or Transistors.
Secondary Transformer will produce Output in the form of higher voltage (for example 120V
or 240V) depending on the number of turns on the transformer secondary coil or the turns
ratio between the Primary and Secondary Transformer used on the Inverter.
Inverter 1 Fasa
 Inverter 3 Fasa

Square Wave

Modified Sine Wave

Pure Sine

Application