𝜇

̅
𝑿

∑𝑋 ∑𝒙
𝜇= ̅=
𝑿
𝑁 𝒏

𝑁
 (𝑥)
𝑓 𝑥 𝑓𝑥
∑ 𝑓𝑥 𝑓𝑥

∑ 𝒇𝑿
̅=
𝑿
𝒏

𝑋̅ = 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛
∑ 𝑓𝑋 = 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠
𝑛 = 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠
 𝒏
−< 𝒄𝒇
𝑿 = 𝑳𝑪𝑩 + (𝟐
̃ )𝒊
𝒇

𝐿𝐶𝐵 = 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑦𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠

𝑖 = 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙/𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠
𝑛 = 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
< 𝑐𝑓 =
𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠.
𝑓 = 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠
(< 𝑐𝑓)

𝒏 𝟑𝟒
𝟐 𝟐
𝒏
𝑐𝑓) 𝟐
𝑐𝑓
𝑛/2 𝑐𝑓 (𝑓)
(𝑐𝑓)
𝐿𝐶𝐵 0.5 20 − 0.5 19.5
̂ = 𝟑(𝑿
𝑿 ̃ ) − 𝟐(𝑿
̅)

𝑋̅ = 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛
𝑋̃ = 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛
𝑋̂ = 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒