MODULE 1 – MEANING AND RELEVANCE OF HISTORY; DISTINCTION OF

PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SOURCES; EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL CRITICISM;

REPOSITORIES OF PRIMARY SOURCES; AND DIFFERENT KINDS OF PRIMARY
SOURCES

Motivation:
1. What is History ?
Ans: The study of the Past.
2. How important is the study of history in the lives of the people?
Ans: it enables us to develop better understanding of the world in which we live building
knowledge and understanding of historical events and trends, especially over the past
century, enables us to develop a much greater appreciation for current events today.
3. Is determining sources of history either primary or secondary important to
critically assess the value of historical evidence and sources?
Ans: Determining what sort of source to use, and the level of credibility and reliability
of those sources is an important step in critical thinking for the historian
4. Do you have an idea on any repositories of the sources of primary
sources?
Ans: Yes I have an Idea, Repositories of Primary Sources is a listing of over 5000
websites describing holdings of manuscripts, archives, rare books historical
photographs, and other primary sources for he research scholar.

Worksheet for Primary vs. Secondary Sources on the Tejeros Convention (1897)

Primary Source: Santiago Secondary Source:

Alvarez “Memoirs of A
General
Author’s background Born July 25,1872 andalso
known as kidlat ng apoy
because of his inflamed
bravery and dedication s
commander of Cavite’s
famous battles. He was a
revolutionary general and
afounder honorary
president of the first
directorate of the
nationalista party.
When was the account The account was written at
written? the same time as the event
occurred.
TeodoroAgoncillo’s “Revolt
of the Masses”
Born on November 9, 1912
TeodoroAgoncillo was one
of the pre eminent Filipino
historians of 20th century.
He were among the first
Filipino historians who
earned for promoting a
distinctly nationalist point
of view of Filipino History.
The account was written in
1947 as an entry in a
National
 BonifacioBiography but it
was published in 1956.
Mention of date(s) March 25, 1897<Assembly December 1896<Bonifacio
at Tejeros Convention accededto the request in
March 27, 1897< the night the third invitation
after the rumored meeting
of Magdalo leaders, eye Early part of
witness revealed that a November<the capital was
meeting was indeed had moved to San Francisco
taken place at parish de Malabon
house in Tanza
January 2, 1897<Bonifacio
wrote from San Francisco de
Malabonto his uncle in law
Mario Alvarez

April 1897< Spaniards

captured the town

March 22, 1897<Aguinaldo’s

Key Personalities ● Supreme Andre’s Bonifacio
● Emilio Aguinaldo
● Daniel Tirona- Break the
meeting rules and insulted
the elected Jose del Rosario
● pres. Baldomero Aguinaldo
leader of Magdalo
Birthday
● Supreme Andre’s Bonifacio
● Emilio Aguinaldo
● Daniel Tirona- Break the
meeting rules and insulted
the elected Jose del Rosario
● pres. Baldomero Aguinaldo
leader of Magdalo

● Mariano Alvarez ● Mariano Alvarez

Sequencing of events ● The Tejeros conventions
was the meeting held on
March22, 1897 between
the Magdiwang and
Magdalo Factions of the
Katipunan at San
Francisco De Malabon,
Cavite.
● Misunderstanding arise
between Andre’s Bonifacio
and Daniel Tirona
● Thosee elected in
Tejeros Convention knelt
before crucifix
● Magdalo troops guard
● Katipunan in Cavite
divide into two factions;
Magdalo and Magdiwangto
visit Cavite
● Misunderstanding exist
between 2 rebel groups
● Convention assembly in
Imus
● Election happened
● Bonifacio sent a letter to
Mariano Alvarez his uncle
in law and Emilio Jacinto
 the oath-taking ceremonies
inside the parish in Tanza
Differences between the Primary Sources are first
two accounts hand, contemporary
accounts of events created
by individuals during that
period of time or several
years later
Secondary Sources are
closely related to primary
sources and often interpret
them. These sources are
documents that relate to
information that originated
elsewhere.

I. 14. TeodoroPatiño
1. TRUE 15. Objectivity
2. TRUE 16. Philippine Revolution
3. TRUE 17. Aristotle
4. Not Books 18. Interpreting condition of a given
5. History space and time
6. Historia 19. History
7. Positivism 20. Subjective
8. Projecting the Future
9. TRUE III.
10. TRUE 21. E
II. 22. C
11. Secondary Sources 23. F
12. Gottschalk 24. B
13. Magdalo 25. A

IV.
As a studen, explain the important things, opportunities and llearnings that you
can gain in studying this Readings in Philippine History.

The Important things and opportunities in studying Philippine History is because we

have to understand and know the things that happened in our past for us to appreciate
the future and present situations of our country. In our history we learned the true value
of freedom. It reminds us also that we are very rich in resources. We also taught how to
defend ourselves and protect our territory we learned a lot of Philippine cultures. It
shows as to gain valuable perspective on the problems of our modern society.

MODULE 2 IN GEC 2
(READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY)

LESSON 1 – FIRST VOYAGE AROUND THE WORLD BY ANTONIO PIGAFETTA

(MOTIVATION)
 Do you know who Antonio Pigafetta is? What contributions do Pigafetta had in
Philippine History? How did Pigafetta describe the Philippines?
Ans: Antonio Pigafetta is a Venetian scholar and explore who joined the
expedition to the spice islands. The first Voyage around the world. He described
Philippines historical events

ACTIVITIES: Make a Contextual Analysis based on the readings. Present your

answers in matrix form using this table.

CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS
Born around 1940 in the town of Vicenza, Venice,
Italy l, was the oldest son of Giovanni Pigafetta to
second wife Angela Zoga. He studied Astronomy,
Background of Text’s Author geography, and cartography and during his younger
years he worked in the ships owned by the knights of
Rhodes. He is a well educated young man
possessing an avid curiosity of the world around him.
Discuss the Historical Pigafetta kept a detailed journal of which is lost the
background of the document original account of the voyage written by Pigafetta
survives in four manuscripts versions one in Italian
and three in French.
Cite contribution and Pigafetta work is important not only a source of
relevance of the document in information about the voyage itself,but also includes
understanding the grand
an early western description of the people languages
narrative of Philippine History
of Philippines. It is first recorded document surviving
journal is the source for much of what is known
about Magellan and Elcano’s Voyage.
Learning experience while My experience in doing this activity is awesome I
doing the assigned readings even explore my self in the Document of Pigafetta.
 1) What does the document described?
2) Why is the document important for the student to understand?
The document describes the journey of Pigafetta and concerning the language . He
served as Magellan’s assistant and kept an accurate journal which later assisted him in
the Cebuano Language. It is the first recorded document concerning the language. The
document is important for students because it is a valuable and authentic of the few
contemporary and early relations of the famous voyage.
I.
1. First Mass
2. Isla de Landrones
3. Enrique
4. Kallu, Palm Toddy or Simple Toddy
5. Las Felipinas

II.
1. D
2. B
3. C
4. C
5. B
III.
Do you think this document, “the voyage around the world” by Antonio Pigafetta has a
significant contributions in the study of Philippine history? If yes/no, why?

Yes it has contributions, it is important to understand the written accounts of The

first Voyage around the world because it paints a somewhat accurate picture of the
native way of life prior to Spanish colonization. It shown the lists of one day trip by
traveling to the west joint the sun route.
LESSON 2 – CUSTOMS OF THE TAGALOGS BY JUAN DE PLASENCIA

Motivation)
1. Have you already read or study different Filipino beliefs and practices?
Ans: Yes I already read some different beliefs and practices
2. Why is there a need for us to know the different Filipino culture?
Ans: To understand the reason behind the different practices of people from all
over the world. To know different identity and some are even part of a larger
empire.
3. Do you know who Juan de Plasencia is? What contributions do Juan de Plasencia
had in Philippine History?
Ans: Juan Plasencia real name is Joan de Plasencia Portocarrero and a
member of Franciscan. He spent of his missionary life in the Philippines were
he founded numerous town in Luzon and authored several religious and
linguistic books, most notably the Doctrina Cristiana ( Cristian Doctrine ) the
first book ever printed in the Philippines.
4. How Juan de Plasencia does described the Philippine culture?
Ans: He described through socio-political context into the text, first the issue of
authorship; second the discourse of the power in colonial writing; and third the
logic of binarism or the occident-other dichotomy.

ACTIVITIES: Make a Contextual Analysis based on the readings. Present your

answers in matrix form using this table.

CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS
Background of Text’s Author
Fray Juan De Plasencia was a member of
Franciscan order who came together with the first
batch of missionaries to the Philippines in 1578. He
and his fellow franciscan, Fray Diego de Oropesa
were assigned to do mission works.
 Discuss the Historical His tasked is to document the customs and traditions
background of the document of the colonized “natives”based on arguably his own
observations and judgments.
Cite contribution and Customs and Tagalog is one of the most important
relevance of the document in primary source of the Philippine history. It ake the
understanding the grand
every life of the ancient Filipino. This document is
narrative of Philippine History
important for determining how the Spaniards will
govern the Filipinos during the Spanish Era.
Learning experience while My experience in this activity is I learned a lot of
doing the assigned readings ideas about the living life of ancient Filipinos. I also
learned their system of government, their social
statuses and their customs, traditions and beliefs.
Although this cultures has a lesser value in the
modern world right now, it is still important for us to
trace the roots of who we are in the past.

I. II.
1. Sibi 11. B
2. Nagaanitos 12. A
3. Tigmamanuguin 13. B
4. Bathala 14. D
5. Sorihile 15. C
6. Guiguilir 16. A
7. Simbahan 17. D
8. Dowry 18. C
9. Barangay 19. A
10. Maharlika 20. C
III.
Women enjoyed equal status with men, because during pre-colonial times, women
shared equal footing with men in society . they allowed to divorce, own and inherit
property and even lead their respective barangays or territories.

LESSON3– THE KARTILYA OF KATIPUNAN

(Motivation)
1. Have you heard the word Kartilya ng Katipunan?
Ans: yes
2. Who wrote this guiding principle of Katipunan?
Ans:Emilio Jacinto
3. How important was this document in the 19th century?
Ans: 19th century is the most celebrated period in Philippine History. The principal
aimed here is to being to light a number of important katipunan documents .
Do you have an idea about the content and the teachings embedded in Kartilya?
Ans: I don’t have any Idea

ACTIVITIES: Make a Contextual Analysis based on the readings. Present your

answers in matrix form using this table.

CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS
Background of Text’s Author Emilio Jacinto (Keith Hojas) he was born December
15, 1875 and died April 16, 1899. He was a Filipino
Genral during Philippine Revolution. One of the
highest ranking Officer in the Philippine Revolution and
was one of the highest-ranking officers of the
revolutionary society Kataas taasan, kagalang galang
na katipunan ng mga Anak ng bayan. He is popularly
known in Philippine History textbooks as the Brains of

Discuss the Historical
background of the document
Cite contribution and
relevance of the document in
understanding the grand
narrative of Philippine History
Learning experience while
doing the assigned readings
the Katipunan.
The KKK or the kataastaasan, kagalanggalangan mg
mga anak ng bayan or katipunan is arguably the most
important organization formed in the Philippines
History. The Katipunanwas a Philippine revolutionary
society founded by anti-Spanish Filipinos in Manila in
1892, whose primary aims was to gain independence
from Spain through revolution.
It served as the guidebook for new members of the
organization which laid out the group’s rules and
principles
It eaches loyalty, love of one’s self and others and that
every action as consequence

1. As a student, how will you embody the main teachings and guiding principles of
Kartilya? Concretize your answer and cite specific lines from the document.
Embody the teaching and guiding Principles of the Kartilya is what we mostly nee
these days, Maitim man at Maputo ang kulayngbalat , lahat ng tao’y magkakapantay;
mangyayaring ang isa’y higtan sa dunong, sa pagkatao, equality is still issue nowadays.
As a student one simple way to embody this teaching is to practice respect at all times
whether what race, gender and status a person has and no one should precede and
out-rank someone.

I.
1. FALSE
2. FALSE
3. FALSE
4. TRUE
5. TRUE
II.
1. Kartilya
2. Emilio Jacinto
3. Kalayaan
4. 12
5. Andres Bonifacio

III. Essay. Answer the question briefly but substantively (5points).

1. Do you consider the “guiding principles” embedded in Kartilya is still relevant at this
present globalizing world?

I think the principles of Kartilya ng Katipunan is still relevant and important in lives
of the Filipino at present simply because they teach important values that most Youth of
today have to learn and consider developing in their lives. These principle serve as
guidelines by which Filipinos can pattern their lives and make themselves more
productive and beneficial to others as well.

LESSON 4 – THE ACT OF PROCLAMATION OF INDEPENDENCE OF THE FILIPINO

PEOPLE
(Motivation)
Why do we commemorate every year the date June 12? Do you think this event is a
significant turning point in the History of our country? Why? Do you know who is Emilio
Aguinaldo and Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista? What do they contribute to the
Declaration of the Philippine independence?
Ans: Because Independence day or also known as Araw ng Kalayaan is an annual
national holiday in the Philippines. Yes because this practice has been observed since
2011. Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista was the one who read the declaration during the
june 12, 1898 Independence Declaration by General Aguinaldo. General Emilio
Aguinaldo inspire the people to fight more eagerly against the Spaniards. Ambrosio
Bautista Became first adviser to President Emilio Aguinaldo and subsequently wrote the
declaration of Philippine Independence. While Emilio Aguinaldo achieved independence
of the Philippines from the Spain. He also led the Philippine-American war against U.S
resistance to Philippine Independence.

ACTIVITIES: Make a Contextual Analysis based on the readings. Present your

answers in matrix form using this table.

CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS
Background of Text’s Author
Discuss the Historical
background of the document
Cite contribution and
relevance of the document in
understanding the grand
narrative of Philippine History
Learning experience while
doing the assigned readings
Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista also known as Don
Bosyong, was a lawyer and author of the Declaration
of Philippine Independence. A distant relative of
Rizal Family. Bautista frequently provided advice to
Philippine National hero Jose Rizal during days in
Manila.
Document consist a general statement of natural
rightstheory and the purpose of governmenta list of
grievance against British King and declaration of
independence from England.
This document gives freedom to our country. Our
first president achieved this freedom on June 12,
1898 and he announce from his home town that the
proclamation put an end to four countries of
Philippine oppression under.
As I build my skills, learn my lessons, I learned a lot
in this document. It describes a state of self
sufficiency, freedom, individualism, self rule.
I.
1. True
2. True
3. Pedro Paterno
4. Juan Felipe
5. True

II.
1. Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista
2. Paz Marquez Benitez
3. 56
4. George Deucy
5. L.M. Johnson

III. Essay.Answer the question briefly but substantively (5 points)

1. What role did the Americans play in the narrative?
Nearly four centuries of American history have witnessed the evolving conflict
between two competing sets of values; a belief that acting on behalf of common good
should guide social and political behavior and belief that unfettered individual freedom
should dominate political and social life. Tracing this conflict Puritanism through the
American Revolution, the civil war, the rise of industrialism, the progressive Era, the
New Deal, the great society and the conservative revival of the Nixon/Reagan Era.

DING COMPETENCE AND EXPANDING INSIGHTS (enrichment phase)

Make a comparison between the US declaration of independence and Philippine
declaration of independence in a Table form.

Poi U.S. Philippines

nts
Ori July 4, 1776 June 12, 1898
gin
(dat
e)
Pro Thomas Jefferson of Virginia was tasked with dr During the Spanish-American 
pon awing up a formal declaration at the Second Co War, after 300 years of Spanis
ntinental Congress  h rule, 
ent in the summer of 1776 justifying the split of the 1 Filipino rebels led by Emilio Ag
3 North American colonies with Great Britain. uinaldo declared independence 
 from the Philippines.

Pla National Archives in Washington D.C. Cavite II el Viejo, 

ce Philippines, (present-day Kawit
of , Cavite)
decl
arat
ion
Con These One of the most significant mile
tent three key concepts were included in the Declara stones in 
tion of Independence: Citizens  Philippine history is the declara
(Im have some Inalienable Rights, including Life, Lib tion of independence. 
port erty and the Pursuit of Happiness.  The country has been colonize
ant
Men are  d for 
all produced equal.  hundreds of years by several n
det For themselves and others, individuals have  ations. 
ails) a civic obligation to protect these privileges. After all the struggles you have 
been through, imagine gaining 
your independence. 
It's 
inestimable
Rel The past of the United States is vast and compl To declare the Philippines' sov
eva ex, but it can be broken down into moments  ereignty and independence 
and periods of time that have fragmented, reunit from the colonial rule of the Sp
nce ed, and turned the United States into the nation i
anish Empire
to t is today.
the
hist The American Revolution was a struggle that las
ory ted from 1775-1783 and permitted the original 1
3 colonies to 
of
remain independent from Great Britain (sometim
the
es referred to as the American War of Independ
cou
ence or the Revolutionary War).
ntry

LESSON 5 – SPEECH OF PRESIDENT CORAZON C. AQUINO BEFORE THE JOINT

SESSION OF THE U.S. CONGRESS, SEPTEMBER 18, 1986

LEARNING (Motivation)
 1. Who is Corazon “Cory” Aquino? What she was known for? How Cory Aquino
became president of the Philippines?
Ans:
Filipino politician who served as the 11th President of the Philippines, Maria Corazon C
ojuangco Aquino (born Maria Corazon Sumulong 
Cojuangco; 25 January 1933 – 1 August 2009), popularly known as Cory Aquino, beca
me the first woman to hold that office. A
snap election was called by Marcos, and Aquino ran for 
president with former senator Salvador Laurel as her vice presidential running mate. 
She was replaced by Fidel Ramos as president and returned to 
civil life while remaining open about her views on political issues.

Do you have an idea about what EDSA (1) Revolution was? Is EDSA (1)
Revolution a significant event in Philippine history?
The People Power Revolution was a series of famous protests in the Philippines that sta
rted in 
1983 and ended in 1986 (also known as the EDSA Revolution and the Philippine Revol
ution of 1986). 
The tactics used amounted to a sustained civil resistance 
movement against repression by the government and electoral fraud.

ACTIVITIES: Make a Contextual Analysis based on the readings. Present your

answers in matrix form using this table.

CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS
Back Maria Corazon Cojuangco Aquino was a Filipino politician who served as the 11
groun th President of 
d of the Philippines, becoming the first woman to hold that post, popularly known as 
Cory Aquino.
Text’
s
Autho Born: January 
r 25th 1933

Discu Corazon Aquino had a huge effect on her nation 
ss and the view of women in power in the world. 
the "She was described as both the" mother of Philippine democracy "and the" hou
sewife who led a revolution. "Aquino was awarded with major international awar
Histor
ds, including the United 
ical Nations Silver Medal, the Eleanor Roosevelt Human Rights Prize, and the Inter
back national Leadership Living Legacy Award of the Women's International Center, 
groun both during and after her lifetime.
d of
the
docu
ment

Cite Aquino declared a provisional constitution in March 1986, and 
contri soon afterwards formed a commission to draft a new constitution. 
butio In February 1987, a landslide popular vote ratified the resulting 
document, which re-established the bicameral Congress abolished by Marcos in 
n and
1973. 
relev Aquino held elections for the new Congress and broke up the monopolies held 
ance over the economy by Marcos' allies, which had been increasing steadily for man
of the y years.
docu
ment
in
under
stand
ing
the
grand
narrat
ive of
Philip
pine
Histor
y

Learn I learned tha this country needs to 

ing be unified once again.
exper The Filipino people's "one-ness" is something 
that has eluded us for decades now. 
ience
Everyone seems to be following numerous and, 
while in most instances, divergent paths these days. 
doing No wonder we can't accomplish a single objective, because 
the we don't have a common goal to speak about.
assig Unity means putting the bickering, the entrenched personal 
ned interests and the mindset of "Ako Muna" aside. 
readi A shared vision of our future, 
solidarity and cooperation, is what we need.
ngs
III. Essay.Answer the question briefly but substantively (5points).
1. What was in her speech that convinced the House of Representatives to grant an
emergency aid to the Philippines? What were the issues raised or views pointed
out in her address? (5 points
Ans:
In a speech to a joint session of Congress that drew three standing ovations, Philippine 
President Corazon Aquino vowed Thursday to take up "the sword 
of war" to end the Communist insurgency that has ravaged the Philippines for 17 years i
f rebel leaders spurn the peace offerings of her government.In an interview, Sen. Richar
d G. Luger (R-Ind.), who sponsors the Senate's identical but long-standing 
$200 million aid appropriation, said he hopes Aquino's speech will be a catalyst for 
action.

LESSON 6 – RAIDERS OF THE SULU SEA

(Motivation)
1. Have you viewed the movie, “Raiders of Sulu?”
Ans: Yes
2. What the movie is all about?
Ans:Raiders of sulu sea. “Raiders of the Sulu Sea” A Historiography
Documentary film focusing on Zamboanga City depicting how the Spaniards
defended the city with the Fort Pilar as Spain's last stronghold and bastion of
defense and economic expansion in the South of the Philippines .
3. Who are the raiders of Sulu? Are they really pirates?
Ans:
Historically, piracy in the Sulu Sea has taken place near Mindanao, 
where regular acts of piracy have been committed against the Spanish. 
The regions in and around the Sulu Sea became a refuge for piracy, which was not sup
pressed until the beginning of the 20th century, due to the continuous wars between Sp
ain and the Moro people. It is not necessary to confuse the pirates of that time 
with the naval forces or privateers of the various Moro tribes.Many of the pirates, howev
er, served under the dictatorship.

ACTIVITIES: Make a Contextual Analysis based on the readings. Present your

answers in matrix form using this table.

Background of Text’s Author
Discuss the Historical
background of the document
Cite contribution and
relevance of the document in
understanding the grand
narrative of Philippine History
Learning experience while
doing the assigned readings
CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS
They were known in history as brutal savages, fearless slave raiders
and above all - pirates. Hailing from the Sulu Sea region in the
Southern regions of the Philippines, the Illanun, Balangingi Samal &
Taosug tribes raided and plundered settlements in the Philippines,
Borneo, Java, the Straits of Malacca and all over South East Asia in
the search for human cargo to feed the growing demands of the slave
trade in the 16th to 19th century.
The Spanish engaged the Moro pirates frequently in
the 1840s. The expedition to Balanguingui in 1848
was commanded by Brigadier José Ruiz with a fleet
of nineteen small warships and hundreds of Spanish
Army troops. They were opposed by at least 1,000
Moros holed up in four forts with 124 cannons and
plenty of small arms. There were also dozens
of proas at Balanguingui but the pirates abandoned
their ships for the better defended fortifications. The
Spanish stormed three of the positions by force and
captured the remaining one after the pirates had
retreated
Throughout the three and half centuries of conflicts
between the Spanish and the populations of the
southern Philippines, maritime raiding played a key
role, not only for the accumulation of wealth and
slaves, but also as a means of warfare and
anticolonial resistance.
The History channel showed a documentary about
what was claimed then as pirates of the Sulu seas
from Mindanao, Philippines.  The documentary was
on how these raiders were actually plying their trade
before and during the Spanish colonization of the
Philippines.  This bit of history would not have been
taught and learned from Philippine history subjects in
school.
I.
1. Samal Balangingi
2. TRUE
3. TRUE
4. TRUE
5. Illanun

II.
1. Mono Kris
2. King Dalasi
3. Salisipan
4. Kampilan
5. Barong

III. Essay. Answer the question briefly but substantively (5 points)

1. What is the Raiders of Sulu Sea all about? How significant was the Muslim resistance
in Philippine history?
In a speech to a joint session of Congress that drew three standing ovations, Philippine 
President Corazon Aquino vowed Thursday to take up "the sword 
of war" to end the Communist insurgency that has ravaged the Philippines for 17 years i
f rebel leaders spurn the peace offerings of her government.
In an interview, Sen. Richard G. Luger (R-Ind.), who is supporting 
the Senate's identical but long-pending $200 million aid appropriation, said that

1. Make an ESSAY that tells how Christians respect the culture and beliefs of our
Muslim brothers.
In an age like ours, in which there is a strong tendency to see a collision between Christ
ian and Islamic societies taking place, and also to consider religions as sources of confli
ct, we wanted to give another direct and definitive sign that, on the contrary, it is possibl
e to meet, respect and dialogue with one another, and that, in spite of the diversity of cu
ltures and practices, Christians and Christians can be respected and dialogue with each 
other.
 MODULE 3 IN GEC 2
(READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY)

MODULE III – ONE PAST BUT MANY HISTORIES CONTROVERSIES AND

CONFLICTING VIEWS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

LESSON 1 – SITE OF THE FIRST MASS: IS IT IN LIMASAWA OR IS IT IN MASAO?

(MOTIVATION)
1. When did the first mass in the Philippines happen?
Ans: In the Bolinao Bay in 1324
2. Where did the first Catholic Mass in the Philippines take place?
Ans: Limasawa in the tip of southern Leyte
3. What is your stand about this controversy on the sitethe first mass?

Ans:The first Catholic Mass in the Philippines was held on March 31, 1521,
Easter Sunday. According to the diary of Antonio Pigafetta, it was held along
the shores of what was referred to as Mazaua. Pigafetta joined the expedition
to the Spice Islands led by explorer Ferdinand Magellan under the flag of King
Charles I of Spain.Today, this site is widely believed by many to be Limasawa
at the tip of Southern Leyte, though this is contested by some who assert that
the first mass was instead held at Masao, Butuan.
I.
1. Legislative Process
2. TRUE
3. TRUE
4. Balangay
5. TRUE
II.
1. Islas de Pintados
2. Antonio Pigafetta
3. Republic Act No. 2733
4. Mazaua
5. Historic Preservation Division

III. Essay (5 points). Write your answer in not less than 75 words.
1. Do you think this historical controversy as to where the site of the first Christian mass
happened must be resolved? Why? Or Why not?
The author undertakes to shed some additional light on the celebrated dispute 
over the place where in the Philippines the first Holy Mass was said. 
After providing the documentary evidence once again, already 
addressed in depth by Miguel A. Bernad, S.J. 
The author gives a persuasive response to the further issue of how 
the dispute may have arisen in the first place in Kinaadman III (1981:1-46).

LESSON 2 – CAVITE MUTINY: WHICH IS TRUE? THE SPANISH VERSION OR THE

FILIPINO VERSION

(Motivation)
1. Do you have an idea about Mutiny? How do you describe a mutiny?
Ans:
A brief uprising of 200 Filipino troops and Cavite Arsenal staff, Cavite Mutiny, (January 
20 , 1872), which became the excuse for Spanish repression by the nascent Philippine 
nationalist movement. 
Ironically, the harsh response of the Spanish 
authorities ultimately helped support the nationalist cause.
2. Do you have an idea about the so-called Cavite Mutiny?
Ans:
Cavite Mutiny, (January 20 , 1872), a brief revolt of 200 Filipino troops and Cavite 
Arsenal workers, which became the pretext for the nascent Philippine nationalist 
movement's Spanish repression. Ironically, the Spanish authorities' harsh reactio
n eventually helped to support the nationalist cause.

USING/APPLYING KNOWLEDGE(application/integration)
Research on the Oakwood Mutiny of LtSgt. Antonio Trillanes IV. Create a matrix
comparing the Cavite Mutiny and Oakwood mutiny based on the following points:

Poin Cavite Oakwood Mutiny

ts Mutiny
Pers The muti In the Philippines, the Oakwood 
mutiny occurred on July 27, 2003. 
ons ny was
A group of 321 armed soldiers known as "Bagong Katipuneros"[1] (
invol used by Filipino: New 
Katipuneros), led by Capt. Gerardo Gambala and Lt. Sg. of the Arm
ved the
y. 
colonial The Philippine Navy's Antonio Trillanes IV took over the Makati apa
rtment complex, serviced by the Oakwood Premier Ayala 
governme
Center (now Ascott Makati), to show the Filipino people the suspect
nt and ed corruption of the administration of Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo. 
They also confirmed that 
Spanish
they saw suggested signs
friars to
implicate
three
secular
priests,
Mariano
Gómez,
 José
Burgos,
and
Jacinto
Zamora,
collectivel
y known
as
Gomburz
a. They
were
executed
by garrote
in Luneta,
also
known in
Tagalog
as
Bagumba
yan, on
February
17, 1872.
Date The Cavit Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
and e Oakwood Premier (now Ascott Makati), Glorietta, in 2008,
plac mutiny (S
where the Oakwood mutiny occurred. The Oakwood mutiny
e panish: El
occurred in the Philippines on July 27, 2003.
Mótin
de Cavite
) of 1872
was
an uprisi
 ng of
Filipino
military
personnel
of Fort
San
Felipe,
the
Spanish
arsenal
in Cavite,
Philippine
Islands
(then also
known as
part of the
Spanish
East
Indies) on
20
January
1872.
Caus The muti The Oakwood mutiny occurred in the Philippines on July 27, 2003. A group of

es ny was 321 armed ... Lim of the First Scout Ranger Regiment (FSRR), and were
found to have apparently legitimate reasons for coming to Manila.
sparked
on
January
20, 1872
when the
laborers
received
 their pay
and
realized
the taxes
as well as
the falla,
the fine
one paid
to be
exempt
from
forced
labor, had
been
deducted
from their
salaries.
Outc Spanish The bloodless mutiny ended unsuccessfully within 18 hours
ome victory when the soldiers failed to rally support from the public or
s Execution
the armed forces. All soldiers involved surrendered
of
peacefully and were charged in a general court martial.
Gomburz
a Forced
exile of
many
Philippine
liberals to
Hong
Kong,
Japan,
the
 Marianas
and other
places.
Beginning
of Filipino
nationalis
m leading
to the
Philippine
Revolutio
n of 1896
and later
the
Philippine
American
War
(1899–
1902).

I.
1. TRUE
2. TRUE
3. Carlos Maria de la Torre y Navacerrada
4. 1872
5.  TRUE

II.
1. Trinidad Pardo de tavera
2. Rafael Izquierdo y Gutiérrez
3. Fort San Felipe
4. Secularism
 5. Mutiny in cavite
III. Essay (5 points). Write your answer briefly and substantively.
1. What do you think are the important impacts of Cavite mutiny in Philippine
history?
Ans:The mutiny was quickly crushed, but the Spanish regime under the reactionary
governor Rafael de Izquierdo magnified the incident and used it as an excuse to clamp
down on those Filipinos who had been calling for governmental reform. ... The three
subsequently became martyrs to the cause of Philippine independence.

LESSON 3 – RETRACTION OF RIZAL: DID RIZAL RETRACT OR DID HE NOT?

(Motivation)
1. Who is Jose Rizal? How much do you know about him?
Ans:
José Rizal, in full José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda, (born June 19 , 1861
, Calamba, Philippines, died 
December 30 , 1896, Manila), patriot, physician, and man of letters inspired by the revol
utionary revolution of the Philippines.

2. What are the significant contributions of Jose Rizal in shaping our Filipino
identity?
Ans:The rewriting of the history of the Philippines from the standpoint of the Filipinos is
today one of the major subjects of research in the history of that country. A perspective
on Philippine history from the standpoint of the Filipino people themselves and free from
the bias of the colonialists, was first attempted in the era of the Propaganda Movement,
1882–1896. In this paper, I should like to probe into the process of the formation of the
historical view of the Filipino people taken by the greatest thinker of the Propaganda
Movement era, José Rizal, and into the notion of the national solidarity of the people of
the Philippines which that historical view heightened.

3. Considering Rizal’s “Retraction controversy,” do you think it would tarnish his

relevance and heroism as a Filipino? Why? Why not?
Ans: Rizal’s extraction from religious error has been a very controversial claim
since it was first brought up. In it, Rizal disowns all his life’s work. In the supposed
retraction document, he is alleged to have written:
“I declare myself a Catholic and in this religion in which I was born and educated I wish
to live and die. I retract with all my heart whatever in my words, writings, publications
and conduct has been contrary to my character as son of the Catholic Church.”

I.
1. TRUE
2. Luis Traviel de Andrade
3. Father Arturo Sosa, 
4. TRUE
5. TRUE
II.
1.Vicente Balaguer
2. Jose Rizal
3.Manuel Garcia
4. Roman Roque
5. Ricardo Pascual

III. Essay (5 points). Write your answer in not less than 75 words.
1. Do you agree/ disagree with this statement, “Rizal is still Rizal whether he died a
catholic or Mason . Why? Or Why not

That issue is whether Rizal, on the eve of his death, ... have been times when they
agreed on their narrative, there have been ... him that his soul would go to hell if he did
not return to the Catholic fold.Rizal died no less a hero despite having repented of his
former staunch anticlericalism. To emulate his patriotism, it is unnecessary to imitate his
one-time hatred for clergymen. Unfortunately, many of his admirers fixate on it, to the
exclusion of his other thoughts and other features of his life.

Rizal’s legitimate grievances against the imperfections of clergymen do deserve

attention. At the same time, the Catholic Church deserves due process in the court of
public opinion. But the opposite has become the norm: The Catholic Church is
presumed guilty in the face of accusations, her side on issues seldom aired and
understood, and her critics seldom subjected to the same scrutiny as her advocates.

LESSON 4 – FIRST CRY OF PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION: IS IT IN PUGADLAWIN OR

IS IT IN BALINTAWAK?

STIMULATING LEARNING (MOTIVATION)

1. When do you usually “Cry” as an outburst?
Ans: There are a lot of reasons, besides having an immediate emotional
response, why you may cry more than normal. Tearfulness is frequently
associated with depression and anxiety. People often experience the two
conditions at the same time. Certain neurological conditions can also make you
cry or laugh uncontrollably.
2. Do you think “crying” is an effective means to communicate?
Ans: Crying is an important means of communication for babies. It plays

a crucial role in ensuring the survival, health and development of the

child. Being able to recognize different types of crying is therefore the
key to effectively meeting the child's needs, and a relief for many
parents.

I.
1. TRUE
2. TRUE
3. Pio Valenzuela
4. Kangkong Balintawak
5. TRUE
II.
 1. Dr. Pio Valenzuela
2. Gregoria de Jesus
3. Melchora Aquino
4. Guillermo Masalangkay
5. Governor-General Rafael de Izquierdo y Gutiérrez
II. Essay (5 points). Write your answer in not less than 75 words.
1. What are the similarities and differences among the accounts of the “First Cry of
Rebellion” in the Philippines?

At the close of August 1896, members of the Katipunan secret society

(Katipuneros) led by Andrés Bonifacio rose up in revolt somewhere in an area
referred to as Caloocan, wider than the jurisdiction of present-day Caloocan
City which may have overlapped into present-day Quezon City.
Originally the term cry referred to the first clash between the Katipuneros and
the Civil Guards (Guardia Civil). The cry could also refer to the tearing up of
community tax certificates (cédulas personales) in defiance of their allegiance
to Spain. The inscriptions of "Viva la Independencia Filipina" can also be
referred as term for the cry. This was literally accompanied by patriotic shouts.
Because of competing accounts and ambiguity of the place where this event
took place, the exact date and place of the Cry is in contention.From 1908
until 1963, the official stance was that the cry occurred on August 26 in
Balintawak. In 1963 the Philippine government declared a shift to August 23 in
Pugad Lawin, Quezon City.